The influence of globalization over local development arises the discussion about ¡§Glocalization¡¨. Because the range of free-trade becomes wider, the sovereignty state and non-state actors competitive their influence in the international structure, even in the very small and pure economic product can we see their wrestle. The flowers market is not only an emerging but also an issue that full of cooperation and competition. Taiwan is the main subject of this thesis, by narrating the developing history of its¡¦ flowers and plants industries, we see the interaction between Taiwan and global market, and discover that in this industry, the state plays the role of media. On the one hand, the state defends its¡¦ region industry from the pressure of non-state actors; on the other hand, it translates and injects news and messages from global market into local regions, then lets global market connect with local regions. The state conduces to a new local by combining the power of globalization, so we can say the state orientates a local development. And at the same time, states are still major actors in the global market, by means of strengthening local region, states become really strength actors. For this reason, the state does not like Liberalism opinion that loses its function in global economic integration, but becomes more and more big and powerful.

The purpose of my thesis is to explain the issue of the welfare state's crisis. To describe its current situation and impacts in modern world of capitalism. I have chosen France as a case study. Social disorders are common and becoming stronger and the sustainability of the social state causes considerable difficulties. In the first part of my thesis I describe the development of the modern welfare state, its basic principals and individual theoretical approaches criticizing the concept. In the second part I illustrate characteristic features of French welfare state: interests groups, primary values of the society and its specifics, situation on labor market, entrepreneurial environment and political progress. The thesis shows that France makes efforts to reform its welfare state. However, suggested solutions are only partial and even deepen social problems in France.

According to Section 29(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 everyone is entitled to and has the right to basic education. “Everyone” includes disabled learners. The international framework regarding the right to basic education and the accessibility of the infrastructure for physically disabled learners in public schools was examined to determine whether or not South Africa complies with the formalities and obligations prescribed and what the implications are, if the state does not comply. To reach the purpose of the above statement made there has to be determined which legislation is applicable to disabled learners and a definition needs to be provided for the term „physical disability‟ (Chapter 1). Secondly the core of the research question concealed in the above statement and its applicable articles will be discussed as seen in General Comment No. 13 of the International Covenant on the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Chapter 2). Thereafter international legislation will be discussed with the focus on basic education, disability, the accessibility of the infrastructure and the obligations placed on the state (Chapter 3 and 4). The focus will then be moved to the regional framework and the provision made with regards to the right to basic education and disability (Chapter 5). The relevant constitutional sections will then be investigated before reaching a conclusion. The sections that will be taken into account are sections 7, 9, 28, 29, 36, 39 and 233 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The purpose of the investigation of the constitutional sections is to determine what basic education entails and if there is a uniform definition thereof. A further purpose with the investigation of the constitutional provisions is to determine whether there is an infringement of disabled learners„ rights to equality and to basic education. Another purpose is to determine to which extent South African schools are accessible to disabled learners in the provision of infrastructure of school buildings as it is now and the obligation that rests on the state to adapt the infrastructure (Chapter 6). After the discussion of the above mentioned chapters a conclusion will be reached on to what extent the state complies with its constitutional and international obligations to realize disabled children„s right to basic education can be come to (Chapter 7). The inaccessibility of public school buildings in South Africa and disabled children„s need for basic education has led to the research question. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

According to Section 29(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 everyone is entitled to and has the right to basic education. “Everyone” includes disabled learners. The international framework regarding the right to basic education and the accessibility of the infrastructure for physically disabled learners in public schools was examined to determine whether or not South Africa complies with the formalities and obligations prescribed and what the implications are, if the state does not comply. To reach the purpose of the above statement made there has to be determined which legislation is applicable to disabled learners and a definition needs to be provided for the term „physical disability‟ (Chapter 1). Secondly the core of the research question concealed in the above statement and its applicable articles will be discussed as seen in General Comment No. 13 of the International Covenant on the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Chapter 2). Thereafter international legislation will be discussed with the focus on basic education, disability, the accessibility of the infrastructure and the obligations placed on the state (Chapter 3 and 4). The focus will then be moved to the regional framework and the provision made with regards to the right to basic education and disability (Chapter 5). The relevant constitutional sections will then be investigated before reaching a conclusion. The sections that will be taken into account are sections 7, 9, 28, 29, 36, 39 and 233 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The purpose of the investigation of the constitutional sections is to determine what basic education entails and if there is a uniform definition thereof. A further purpose with the investigation of the constitutional provisions is to determine whether there is an infringement of disabled learners„ rights to equality and to basic education. Another purpose is to determine to which extent South African schools are accessible to disabled learners in the provision of infrastructure of school buildings as it is now and the obligation that rests on the state to adapt the infrastructure (Chapter 6). After the discussion of the above mentioned chapters a conclusion will be reached on to what extent the state complies with its constitutional and international obligations to realize disabled children„s right to basic education can be come to (Chapter 7). The inaccessibility of public school buildings in South Africa and disabled children„s need for basic education has led to the research question. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

O tema deste estudo é a relação entre o Direito Coletivo do Trabalho e o sindicalismo. Caracterizamos a institucionalidade sindical brasileira, seguindo os estudos de Armando Boito Jr., como estrutura sindical de Estado: um sistema de controle do movimento sindical dos trabalhadores pelo Estado capitalista. Rediscutimos as determinações de classe da ideologia que ela encerra: o fetiche do Estado protetor e a ordenação capitalista pelo Estado. Para a discussão do Direito Coletivo atual, parte-se da constatação de que a Constituição de 1988 passou o controle do sindicalismo das mãos do Poder Executivo para o Judiciário. Diante disso, defendemos a tese de que se manteve a função geral de desorganização, moderação e controle do movimento dos trabalhadores. Na dimensão organizativa, a partir de estudos de dois casos concretos, apontamos que a gestão judiciária da estrutura interveio de modo particular, mas para fixar os limites do enquadramento oficial. Na negociação coletiva, entendemos que houve a modificação da função do Poder Normativo, que deixou de garantir reajustes salariais e direitos mínimos, ao passo que manteve seu caráter repressivo e limitador. E quanto ao direito de greve, demonstramos a continuidade da linha jurisprudencial anterior à novidade normativa trazida pela CF/88 na matéria. Nesse percurso, defendemos a coerência entre a crítica do direito em geral e a crítica da estrutura sindical de Estado em particular. / The subject of this research is the relations that exist between the Labor Law System and the workers movement. We treat the Brazilian corporatist labor law system as a system of controlling unions by the capitalist state. The text also discusses the class determinations of the ideology that this system embodies and reproduces: the fetish of a protective State and the ordination of capitalism by the State. The current labor law regime was redesign by the Constitution of 1988. Our thesis start from this point: the charge of the state´s controlling of the unionism was transferred from the Executive to the Judicial Power. However, we claim that the general role of the collective labor system has been preserved: role of disorganization, moderation and controlling the worker´s unionism. First, at the organization matter, we part from two cases which show that judicial management has been successfully on intervening into unionism to fix it in the fragmented official framework. Second, at the collective bargaining sphere, we point that it has been a change on the role of the obligatory judicial arbitration of collective conflicts. It doesn´t function anymore as a way of guaranteeing minimum wages corrections annually, although it has continued to be an instrument to repress strikes and so to impose medium wages increases. At least, about unions power to strike, we say that judicial management of the collective labor system has not take advantage of the legal innovations generated by the redemocratization process, as to say, it kept its traditional jurisprudence. Along this way we advocate the coherence between the struggle for the union freedom and the Marxist´s critique of the law itself.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-09T20:34:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaArcher.pdf: 2499542 bytes, checksum: c3798aae30fc8474ef1bf7a811476f49 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T20:34:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaArcher.pdf: 2499542 bytes, checksum: c3798aae30fc8474ef1bf7a811476f49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / This thesis analyzes how the reconfiguration of the state's bureaucracy occurred with the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICTs) into the brazilian's Stated. It begins with the contextualization of this moment through the history of "cognitive capitalism" and the "reform of the Brazilian's state of 1995". Because these are two facts that led the Brazilian state to introduce ICT in its bureaucratic routines, reconfiguring them. This change in routines leads state workers to adapt to the introduction of ICT in their work processes. This generates a hierarchy through the various levels of adaptation found in the burearacy. One has, therefore, those bureaucrats who have not adapted and leave the State, whether by retirement, or Programs of voluntary dismissals, they do not feel able to renew their knowledge, or even have no interest. Another type of bureaucrat is one who can‘t adapt, but continues in the public service, but calls on the help of another to help him, creating the micro regulations of power, and delaying the task. This relation it was called by Crozier (1981) of "power of the expert", that the power of the one that knows. Finally, from the categorization of the adapted bureaucrats, they are those who developed the skills necessary to carry out the reconfigured bureaucratic routines. In addition to the adapted bureaucrats, based on Haraway's theory of cyborgs (2000), another category of bureaucrats is identified, those who arrive at the state already inserted in cyberspace, they are the cyberbureaucrats. / Esta tese analisa como ocorreu a reconfiguração da burocracia estatal com a introdução das tecnologias da informação e da comunicação – TICs – no Estado brasileiro. Parto da contextualização desse momento através do histórico do “capitalismo cognitivo” e da “reforma do estado brasileiro de 1995”, por serem estes dois fatos que levaram o Estado brasileiro a introduzir as TICs em suas rotinas burocráticas, reconfigurando-as. Esta mudança que acontece nas rotinas, leva os trabalhadores do Estado a se adaptarem à introdução das TICs em seus processos de trabalho. Isso gera uma hierarquização mediante os diversos níveis de adaptação que se encontram na burocracia. Há, portanto, aqueles burocratas que não se adaptaram e saem do Estado, seja por aposentadoria, ou programas de demissões voluntárias, e não se sentem capazes de renovar o seu conhecimento, ou mesmo não têm interesse. Outro tipo de burocrata é aquele que não consegue se adaptar, mas continua no serviço público, porém, solicita a ajuda de outro, criando as microrrelações de poder, além de retardar a realização da tarefa. Essa relação foi chamada por Crozier (1981) de “poder do perito”, que é o poder daquele que conhece. Por fim, da categorização dos burocratas adaptados, são aqueles que desenvolvem as habilidades necessárias para realização das rotinas burocráticas reconfiguradas. Além dos burocratas adaptados, baseando-se na teoria dos ciborgues de Haraway (2000), identifica-se outra categoria de burocratas, aqueles que chegam ao Estado já inseridos no ciberespaço, são eles, os ciberburocratas.

O tema deste estudo é a relação entre o Direito Coletivo do Trabalho e o sindicalismo. Caracterizamos a institucionalidade sindical brasileira, seguindo os estudos de Armando Boito Jr., como estrutura sindical de Estado: um sistema de controle do movimento sindical dos trabalhadores pelo Estado capitalista. Rediscutimos as determinações de classe da ideologia que ela encerra: o fetiche do Estado protetor e a ordenação capitalista pelo Estado. Para a discussão do Direito Coletivo atual, parte-se da constatação de que a Constituição de 1988 passou o controle do sindicalismo das mãos do Poder Executivo para o Judiciário. Diante disso, defendemos a tese de que se manteve a função geral de desorganização, moderação e controle do movimento dos trabalhadores. Na dimensão organizativa, a partir de estudos de dois casos concretos, apontamos que a gestão judiciária da estrutura interveio de modo particular, mas para fixar os limites do enquadramento oficial. Na negociação coletiva, entendemos que houve a modificação da função do Poder Normativo, que deixou de garantir reajustes salariais e direitos mínimos, ao passo que manteve seu caráter repressivo e limitador. E quanto ao direito de greve, demonstramos a continuidade da linha jurisprudencial anterior à novidade normativa trazida pela CF/88 na matéria. Nesse percurso, defendemos a coerência entre a crítica do direito em geral e a crítica da estrutura sindical de Estado em particular. / The subject of this research is the relations that exist between the Labor Law System and the workers movement. We treat the Brazilian corporatist labor law system as a system of controlling unions by the capitalist state. The text also discusses the class determinations of the ideology that this system embodies and reproduces: the fetish of a protective State and the ordination of capitalism by the State. The current labor law regime was redesign by the Constitution of 1988. Our thesis start from this point: the charge of the state´s controlling of the unionism was transferred from the Executive to the Judicial Power. However, we claim that the general role of the collective labor system has been preserved: role of disorganization, moderation and controlling the worker´s unionism. First, at the organization matter, we part from two cases which show that judicial management has been successfully on intervening into unionism to fix it in the fragmented official framework. Second, at the collective bargaining sphere, we point that it has been a change on the role of the obligatory judicial arbitration of collective conflicts. It doesn´t function anymore as a way of guaranteeing minimum wages corrections annually, although it has continued to be an instrument to repress strikes and so to impose medium wages increases. At least, about unions power to strike, we say that judicial management of the collective labor system has not take advantage of the legal innovations generated by the redemocratization process, as to say, it kept its traditional jurisprudence. Along this way we advocate the coherence between the struggle for the union freedom and the Marxist´s critique of the law itself.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2219.pdf: 2636359 bytes, checksum: f0645ac8007040cc7b64491af2575c03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-24 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The fish presence and abundance in local assemblies are influenced by several biotic and non-biotic factors, which work and interact in different spatial and temporal scales (MATTHEWS, 1998). The present study aimed at performing the ichthyologic inventory in the headwaters of the rivers Caronas (Pelotas River basin) and Caveiras (Canoas River basin), sub-basins from the region of Santa Catarina State s Plateau, Alto Uruguai River basin, Brazil. The samplings took place monthly in two regions (lentic and lotic parts) during the period from February 2006 to January 2007, with a total of 48 samples. Nets varying from 2 to 7 cm in mesh size were disposed during 24 hours (starting from 12 pm) and were checked 3 times. Additionally were used hand line, catueiros , covos and tarrafas fishing devices. The samples were properly labeled and fixed in 10% formalin. A total of 162 specimens were caught, 72 from Caronas river (29 specimens in the lentic part and 43 in the lotic part) and 90 from Caveiras river (46 specimens in the lentic part and 44 in the lotic part), belonging to 9 species, 5 Families and 3 Orders. It was registered the occurrence of an exotic species Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) in both rivers. Among the captured individuals, two species of Astyanax were constant on the studied habitats. According to the Jaccard qualitative Index application, it was recorded higher similarity values to the lentic parts from both rivers, although using the Bray-Curtis quantitative Index, it was shown that higher estimated values were seen among the lentic parts from both rivers and the lotic part from the Caveiras River. In general, both the qualitative and quantitative similarities presented relatively higher values, suggesting a great similarity in the ichthyofaunistic composition between the habitats in both rivers. Regarding biomass, similar values were registered to both rivers, corresponding to 6.222,64 g in Caronas River and 7.152,52 g in Caveiras River. The feeding items which presented higher frequencies of occurrence in the stomachs contents were: 22,8% of insects (aquatic stages), nematodes parts (14,3%) and terrestrials plants (13,1%), in Caronas River, and 24,4% of insects (aquatic stages), sand (12,7%), nematodes parts (11,7%), in Caveiras River. It was noticeable that the habitats were very alike in terms of specific richness and dominance. The species Rineloricaria sp, Pimelodus absconditus, Astyanax sp 1, Astyanax sp 2, Oligosarcus brevioris and Oncorhynchus mykiss had occurred in both habitats from both rivers; Hoplias malabaricus was not present only in the lotic part of Caveiras River; Rhamdia quelen was present in the lentic part from both rivers and Hypostomus isbrueckeri was restricted to the lotic part of Caronas River. Comparing the Kr values for the two species of Astyanax sp and analizing the distinct studied habitats, it was verified values upper 1,0 in the lentic part of Caveiras River. The results evidenced relatively low richness of species and low frequencies of occurrence on the ichthyofauna studied. It was also noticeable the predominance of the widely forager species Astyanax sp 1, and the presence of the exotic species rainbow trout in both rivers, which represents a risk to the native fish species at the same time that potentially threaten the fish diversity in those localities. / A presença e a abundância de peixes em assembléias locais são influenciadas por numerosos fatores bióticos e abióticos que funcionam e interagem em escalas espaciais e temporais diversas (MATTHEWS, 1998). O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar o inventário ictiofaunístico nas cabeceiras de dois rios do planalto catarinense, bacia do alto rio Uruguai, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Nas amostragens mensais em dois ambientes (remanso e corredeira) dos rios Caronas (bacia do rio Pelotas) e Caveiras (bacia do rio Canoas), no período de fevereiro de 2006 a janeiro de 2007 (totalizando 48 coletas), foram utilizadas redes de espera com malhas variando de 2 a 7 cm entre nós adjacentes. As redes, expostas durante 24 horas, a partir das 12 horas nos dias de coleta, foram revisadas ao entardecer, ao amanhecer e no instante final de retirada da água. Complementaram-se as amostras com a utilização de linhas de mão, catueiros, covos e tarrafas. Todo material coletado foi etiquetado, fixado em formalina 10% e identificado. Foram capturados 162 exemplares, sendo 72 no rio Caronas (29 no remanso e 43 na corredeira) e 90 no rio Caveiras (46 no remanso e 44 na corredeira), distribuídos em 9 espécies, 5 Famílias e 3 Ordens. Registrou-se a ocorrência de uma espécie exótica, Oncorhynchus mykiss (truta-arco-íris), para ambos os rios. Dentre os indivíduos capturados, as duas espécies de Astyanax foram as únicas constantes nos quatro ambientes de estudo. Aplicando-se o índice qualitativo de Jaccard, registrou-se o maior valor de similaridade entre os ambientes de remanso dos dois rios, enquanto que para o índice quantitativo de Bray-Curtis, o maior valor estimado foi entre os ambientes remanso e corredeira do rio Caveiras. Tanto a similaridade qualitativa quanto a quantitativa mostraram-se relativamente altas, sugerindo grande semelhança na composição ictiofaunística entre os ambientes de ambos os rios. Quanto à biomassa, registraram-se valores semelhantes para os dois rios, correspondendo ao total de 6.222,64 g no rio Caronas e 7.152,52 g no rio Caveiras. Os itens alimentares encontrados com maior freqüência de ocorrência nos conteúdos estomacais de todos os peixes analisados foram: 22,8% de Insecta - aquáticos, partes de Nematoda (14,3%) e Planta terrestres (13,1%), para o rio Caronas, e 24,4% de Insecta - aquáticos, areia (12,7%) e vestígios de Nematoda (11,7%), para o rio Caveiras. Observouse que os ambientes são muito semelhantes em termos de riqueza específica e dominância. As espécies Rineloricaria sp, Pimelodus absconditus, Astyanax sp 1, Astyanax sp 2, Oligosarcus brevioris e Oncorhynchus mykiss ocorreram nos dois ambientes de ambos os rios; Hoplias malabaricus só não ocorreu no ambiente corredeira do rio Caveiras; Rhamdia quelen ocorreu no ambiente remanso de ambos os rios e Hypostomus isbrueckeri teve ocorrência restrita ao ambiente corredeira do rio Caronas. Comparando o Kr (fator de condição relativo) para as duas espécies de Astyanax, nos distintos ambientes estudados, foi verificado que no remanso do rio Caveiras, para ambas as espécies, os valores foram superiores a 1,0. Os resultados evidenciaram que a ictiofauna esteve representada por um número baixo de espécies e com baixa frequência de ocorrência, sempre com o predomínio da forrageira Astyanax sp 1, e que a presença da truta-arco-íris em ambos os rios, representa um risco para as espécies nativas, tornando a diversidade ictíica destes locais potencialmente ameaçada.

This diploma paper put mind to the standing comparism of the "small" and "big" states of the European Union. First part of the paper spy to member state 's political influence. The second part deal the economical comparism of the member states.

O objetivo desta tese é analisar Operación masacre de Rodolfo Walsh à luz da reflexão sobre as relações entre literatura e testemunho. O trabalho tem como hipótese que Operación masacre pode ser lida como um romance de testemunho não só porque em suas páginas denuncia a prática da violência de Estado mas, sobretudo, porque essa violência gera o imperativo ético de escrever e a procura de uma forma narrativa. / The purpose of this thesis is to analise Operación masacre written by Rodolfo Walsh under the lights of reflection about the relations between literature and testimony. The work has as hypothesis that Operación masacre can be read as a testimony novel not only because in its pages denounces the State´s violence, but above all, because this violence generates the ethical imperative of writing and the search for a narrative form.