No description available.

Den här uppsatsen handlar om samtalet i musikterapi, ett ämne som är sparsamt beskrivet i litteraturen. En kort beskrivning av musikterapi som klinisk och aka- demisk disciplin ges, och en litteraturgenomgång görs av några böcker kring sam- talsmetodik och det lilla som finns skrivet om samtal i musikterapi. Studien byg- ger på tre musikterapisessioner arrangerade speciellt för studien och intervjuer med de tre musikterapeuterna. Sessionerna filmades och intervjuerna spelades in och skrevs ut. Det är en kvalitativ studie upplagd som en experimentell, instru- mentell, flerfaldig fallstudie. Det teoretiska perspektivet är hermeneutik och ana- lysmetoden hermeneutisk tolkningsanalys. Analysen av filmerna är inspirerad av fenomenologi. I uppsatsen ges en beskrivning i kondenserad form av de tre mu- sikterapisessionerna och intervjuerna sammanfattas. Därefter redogörs för analys- resultatet som framstår som tvådelat. Första delen är en tematisering av de verbala interventioner som förekommer under de studerade sessionerna. Interventionerna tematiseras som frågor, andra interventioner, tystnad, paradoxer och omformule- ringar, metaforer och tolkningar. Hur de talar om musik lyfts fram i ett särskilt avsnitt. Andra delen är ett utforskande av vilka funktioner samtalen tycks ha un- der dessa sessioner. Tanken prövas att de kan; leda till ökad trygghet, som i sin tur kan leda till att ett verkligt möte kan uppstå; fördjupa klientens upplevelse; tyd- liggöra klientens livsberättelse. / This thesis is about verbal dialogue in music therapy, a subject which is seldom discussed in the literature. A short description of music therapy as a clinical and academic discipline is presented, and a survey is made of some of the literature on methodology in professional dialogues and what little has been written about dia- logue in music therapy. The study is based on three music therapy sessions ar- ranged especially for the purpose and interviews with the three therapists. The sessions were filmed and the interviews were recorded and copied out. It is a qualitative study, constructed as an experimental, instrumental, multiple case study. The theoretical perspective is hermeneutic and the method of analysis used was hermeneutic interpretation analysis. The method used to analyze the films was inspired by phenomenology. In the thesis the three music therapy sessions are described in condensed form and the interviews are summarized. This is followed by an analysis of the result which appears to fall into two parts. The first section is a thematisation of the verbal interventions that occur during the sessions. The interventions are thematised as questions, other interventions, silence, paradoxes and rephrasings, metaphors and interpretations. A special section is devoted to theway the therapists talk about music. The second part of the analysis explores the functions that the verbal dialogues seem to have had during the sessions. The the- ory tested is that they can; lead to a greater feeling of security, which in its turn can lead to a genuine encounter; deepen the client’s experience; clarify the cli- ent’s life story.

<p>The thesis deals partly with methodology including construction</p><p>of hardware and new pulse sequences in the field of electrophoretic</p><p>NMR, and partly with practical use of ENMR and</p><p>diffusion NMR in the investigation of charged colloidal systems.</p><p>Several sources of artefacts are investigated, including gas production</p><p>at the electrodes, electroosmosis and Joule heating</p><p>effects that can cause convection. The electrophoretic double</p><p>stimulated-echo pulse sequence is introduced to suppress these</p><p>artefacts and to increase the feasible measuring range to higher</p><p>electric fields and conductivities.</p><p>The interaction between the non-ionic polymer poly(ethylene</p><p>oxide) PEO and differently charged surfactants is investigated</p><p>using the above mentioned methods. The investigated surfactants</p><p>are the anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and</p><p>potassium laurate (KC12), the cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium</p><p>bromide (CTAB) and the non-ionic octyl β-D-glucoside.</p><p>ENMR is also used to investigate two different mixed micelle</p><p>systems, with SDS as the charged surfactant component and</p><p>dodecyl malono-bis-N-methylglucamide (C12BNMG) respectively</p><p>tetra(ethylene oxide) dodecyl ether (C12EO4) as the nonionic</p><p>surfactant component. A method to calculate the degree</p><p>of counter-ion dissociation, αdissociation, as a function of composition</p><p>is demonstrated.</p><p>Finally diffusion NMR is used to compare transport dynamics</p><p>in gel electrolyte systems based on two differently grafted polymers;</p><p>one amphiphilic system containing polymethacrylate</p><p>grafted partly with polyethylene oxide and partly with fluorocarbons</p><p>and the corresponding nonamphiphilic system grafted</p><p>with only polyethylene oxide. Both systems contain the electrolyte</p><p>lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide salt dissolved in</p><p>γ-butyrolactone. The results show that the system based on the</p><p>amphiphilic polymer has better transport dynamics and therefore</p><p>is more suited as material for battery</p>

No description available.

Il y a des indications que les nanocristaux de silicium (nc-Si) présentent un gain optique qui est potentiellement assez grand pour permettre l'amplification optique dans la gamme de longueurs d'ondes où une photoluminescence (PL) intense est mesurée (600- 1000 nm). Afin de fabriquer des cavités optiques, nous avons implantés des morceaux de silice fondue avec des ions de Si pour former une couche de nc-Si d'une épaisseur d'environ 1 μm. Le Si a été implanté à quatre énergies comprises entre 1 MeV et 1,9 MeV de manière à obtenir une concentration atomique de Si en excès variant entre 25% et 30%. Les pièces ont été flanquées de miroirs diélectriques composés de filtres interférentiels multicouches. Sur une plage de longueurs d'ondes d'environ 200 nm de large, un filtre réfléchit près de 100%, alors que l'autre a une réflexion moyenne d'environ 90%. Nous avons mesuré et comparé les spectres de PL de trois échantillons: le premier sans miroir, le second avec des filtres réfléchissant autour de 765 nm (entre 700 nm et 830 nm), et la troisième avec des filtres agissant autour de 875 nm (entre 810 nm et 940 nm). Lorsque les échantillons sont excités avec un laser pulsé à 390 nm, des mesures de photoluminescence résolue dans le temps (PLT) révèlent des taux de décroissance plus rapides en présence de miroirs dans le domaine de longueurs d'onde où ceux-ci agissent comparé aux échantillons sans miroirs. Aussi, l'intensité PL en fonction de la fluence d'excitation montre une augmentation plus rapide de la présence de miroirs, même si celle-ci reste sous-linéaire. Nous concluons que de l'émission stimulée pourrait être présente dans la cavité optique, mais sans dominer les autres mécanismes d'émission et de pertes. / There are indications that silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) exhibit an optical gain that is potentially large enough to enable optical amplification in the wavelength range where intense photoluminescence (PL) is measured (600-1000 nm). We fabricated optical cavities on fused silica pieces ion-implanted with Si in order to form a nc-Si layer with a thickness of about 1 μm. Si was implanted at four energies between 1 MeV and 1.9 MeV to obtain an excess atomic concentration varying between 25% and 30%. The pieces were sandwiched between dielectric mirrors consisting of multilayer interference filters. Over a wavelength range of about 200 nm wide, one filter reflects nearly 100%, while the other one shows an average reflection of 90%. We measured and compared the PL spectra of three samples: the first one with no mirrors, the second one with filters reflecting around 765 nm (between 700 nm and 830 nm), and the third one with filters acting around 875 nm (between 810 nm and 940 nm). When exciting the samples with a pulsed laser, timeresolved PL measurements exhibited faster decay rates in the wavelength domain where the reflection of the mirrors is maximal compared to samples without mirrors. Also, PL intensity as a function of excitation flux showed a faster increase in the presence of mirrors, although the increase remained sub-linear. From this, we conclude that stimulated emission could be present in the optical cavity, but does not dominate the other emission and loss processes.

Rising sea levels present an ongoing threat to communities and resources around the Chesapeake Bay, east coast, USA, where tide gauges indicate that the relative rise of sea level is approximately twice the rate of average, eustatic sea-level rise. This has significantly compromised the health and viability of salt marsh habitat on the Eastern Shore during the 20th century, and the biologists who are charged with managing coastal resources in the coming decades need to understand the nature and causes of high rates of regional sea-level rise to develop suitable adaptation plans. Dated geologic deposits and geophysical models suggest that sea-level rise is relatively high on mid-Atlantic coastlines because the land surface is subsiding due to a collapsing glacial forebulge following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). To fully understand this process, past sea-level indicators such as dated shoreline deposits are needed to reconstruct regional sea-level behavior in the past, but rigorous age control on geologic deposits is largely restricted to the Holocene and to marine isotope stage (MIS) 5, so the rates and timescales over which these processes operate remain unknown. This research provides long-term paleoenvironmental records from ancient environments under east-central Chesapeake Bay to place the current sea-level threats into the context of a long geologic history of sea-level fluctuations. First, the Pleistocene geologic framework of the region is reconstructed through borehole drilling. Sediments from boreholes provided material for interpreting depositional environments, and for establishing age control for deposits, so that the entire stratigraphy was constrained both in space and time. The geologic framework and ages indicate that Chesapeake Bay alternated between a deeply incised fluvial system and a filled estuary repeatedly in response to major climate fluctuations since at least the early Pleistocene, ~2 Ma. The ages and sedimentology indicate that the field area was submerged intermittently in a shallow estuary until nearly the end of marine isotope stage 3. Because global sea-level proxies suggest that sea level was ~40-80 meters lower than present at that time, these ages suggest that the penultimate glacial forebulge must have remained significantly lowered for nearly 100 ky following the retreat of ice. The implication of this time lag is that mid-Atlantic coastlines are still in a relatively early state of forebulge collapse, and subsidence following retreat of ice from the Last Glacial Maximum will likely continue for the foreseeable future. Ongoing subsidence will continue to exacerbate projected eustatic sea-level rise due to changing global climate, and coastal adaptation plans must remain focused on encouraging the migration of vital habitat toward higher elevations in the landscape.

Devido à inexistência de um laboratório de padronização primária na América Latina, para calibração e dosimetria de fontes de radiação beta, neste trabalho uma câmara de extrapolação Böhm foi caracterizada e estabelecida como um sistema padrão primário no Laboratório de Calibração de Instrumentos (LCI) do IPEN. Como objetivo principal deste trabalho, a câmara de extrapolação Böhm foi caracterizada com relação à sua resposta em feixes padrões secundários de radiação beta de fontes de 90Sr+90Y, com duas janelas de entrada diferentes: Mylar aluminizado e Hostaphan grafitado, e com dois métodos de determinação de taxa de dose absorvida, para verificação do seu desempenho com cada material. Embora se trate do instrumento mais adequado para a calibração de detectores e fontes de radiação beta, a câmara de extrapolação deve ser utilizada apenas em laboratórios de calibração e não em programas de controle de qualidade, pois ela tem 7 kg e é de alto custo. Assim, é importante ter sistemas considerados padrões de trabalho e métodos alternativos para substituir a câmara de extrapolação em medições realizadas em campo, como em hospitais ou clínicas. Por este motivo, foram caracterizadas três câmaras de ionização de placas paralelas, com o objetivo de se verificar a possibilidade de seu uso como sistemas padrões de trabalho em programas de controle de qualidade, e também foram estudados materiais dosimétricos diferentes, em campos de radiação beta de 90Sr+90Y, utilizando-se os fenômenos da termoluminescência (TL) e da luminescência opticamente estimulada (LOE), como métodos alternativos na calibração de fontes de radiação beta. Inclui-se aqui o desenvolvimento de um sistema postal dosimétrico para a calibração de aplicadores clínicos de 90Sr+90Y. Os resultados obtidos com a câmara de extrapolação Böhm permitiram o seu estabelecimento como sistema padrão primário na calibração de fontes de 90Sr+90Y, pois a câmara com as duas janelas de entrada diferentes permitiram a determinação de taxas de dose absorvida no ar e no tecido, à profundidade nula e a 0,07 mm. A caracterização das três câmaras de ionização de placas paralelas mostraram que elas podem ser usadas em programas de controle de qualidade de fontes de radiação beta, pois suas respostas se apresentaram adequadas para esta finalidade. Os materiais dosimétricos testados com relação às suas respostas TL e LOE também se mostraram adequados para uso em campos de radiação beta, pois suas respostas foram satisfatórias. O sistema dosimétrico, utilizando dosímetros TL, foi testado em hospitais e, posteriormente, foi enviado na forma postal a um laboratório, contendo detectores TL e LOE, e o resultado da calibração dos aplicadores clínicos foi adequado. / Due to the lack of a primary standard laboratory at the Latin America, for the calibration and dosimetry of beta radiation sources, it was decided to establish the Böhm extrapolation chamber at the Calibration Laboratory (LCI) at IPEN as a primary standard. As a main objective of this work, the Böhm extrapolation chamber was characterized in relation to its response in beta radiation secondary standard beams of 90Sr+90Y sources, using two different entrance windows: aluminized Mylar and graphited Hostaphan, and using two methods of determination of absorbed dose rates, to verify its performance in each material. Although it is the most adequate instrument for the calibration of beta radiation detectors and sources, the extrapolation chamber should only be used at calibration laboratories, and not in quality control programs, because it weights 7 kg, and it is expensive. Thus, it is important to have systems considered work standards and alternative methods to replace the extrapolation chamber in measurements performed outside laboratories, such as in hospitals and clinics. For this reason, three parallel plate ionization chambers were characterized, with the objective to verify the possibility of their use as work standard systems, and different dosimetric materials were also studied, in beta radiation fields, using the thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) phenomena, as alternative methods for the calibration of beta radiation sources. The development of a dosimetric postal system for the calibration of 90Sr+90Y clinical applicators was included in this objective. The results obtained using the Böhm extrapolation chamber allowed its establishment as a primary standard system at the calibration of 90Sr+90Y sources, because it was possible to determine the absorbed dose rates in air and in the tissue, at null depth and 0.07 mm using the chamber with the two different entrance windows. The characterization of the three parallel plate ionization chambers showed that they can be used in quality control programs of beta radiation sources, because their responses were adequate to this purpose. The dosimetric materials were tested in relation to their TL and OSL response, and their use showed also to be adequate in beta radiation fields. The dosimetric postal system, using TL dosimeters, was tested in hospitals, and afterwards, it was sent to a laboratory, by conventional mail, with TL and OSL detectors, and the results of the calibration of the clinical applicators was adequate.

O Grupo Guaritas (Eocambriano da Bacia do Camaquã, RS) é formado por rochas siliciclásticas, predominantemente arenosas e conglomeráticas, interpretadas como de origem aluvial e eólica. Esta unidade estratigráfica pode apresentar mais de 1500 m de espessura de sedimentos e abrange as formações Guarda Velha, Pedra das Torrinhas, Varzinha, Pedra Pintada e Serra do Apertado. O Grupo Guaritas relaciona-se a importantes eventos geológicos do sul do Brasil, pois registra o encerramento da sedimentação em bacia extensional do tipo rifte (Bacia do Camaquã) durante o Cambriano, a qual se desenvolveu em área que seria posteriormente recoberta por ampla bacia intracratônica (a Bacia do Paraná), a partir do Ordoviciano. Para contribuir com novas informações sobre a proveniência das unidades eopaleozóicas brasileiras, as rochas arenosas do Grupo Guaritas foram submetidas à análise de minerais pesados, petrografia de lâminas delgadas e luminescência opticamente estimulada (LOE). As análises de minerais pesados foram realizadas na fração areia muito fina de 44 amostras coletadas em afloramentos. Essas análises abrangeram a identificação e quantificação da assembléia de minerais pesados transparentes não-micáceos, além da determinação dos índices ZTR (zircão+turmalina+rutilo), ATi (apatita/(apatita+turmalina)), ZTi (zircão/(turmalina+zircão)) e ZRi (zircão/(rutilo+zircão). As seções delgadas foram utilizadas para descrever os componentes deposicionais e diagenéticos e para classificar os arenitos estudados. Quatro amostras selecionadas foram submetidas ainda à análise da sensibilidade LOE de grãos individuais de quartzo. A sensibilidade LOE foi calculada utilizando a integral da curva LOE assim como de seus componentes, chamados informalmente de rápido, médio e lento. A sensibilidade LOE foi usada para avaliação de grau de retrabalhamento sedimentar. As amostras estudadas foram classificadas como arcóseos, subarcóseos e sublitoarenitos. Os minerais pesados identificados e suas porcentagens médias foram: zircão (36%), turmalina (13%), rutilo (3%), apatita (23%), granada (16%), anatásio (7%), titanita (1%), sillimanita (1%), monazita (<1%), epidoto (<1%), hornblenda (<1%), estaurolita (<1%) e cianita (<1%). Esses minerais pesados foram descritos em todas as unidades estudadas do Grupo Guaritas. Os valores médios do índice ZTR variam de 20 (Fm. Serra do Apertado) a 40 (Fm. Pedra Pintada) enquanto que o índice ZTi apresenta valores médios entre 62 (Fm. Guarda Velha) e 73 (Fm. Pedra Pintada). Os valores médios dos índices ZRi e ATi variam de 81 (Fm. Guarda Velha) a 90 (Fm. Varzinha) e de 79 (Fm. Guarda Velha) a 83 (Fm. Serra do Apertado), respectivamente. As médias da sensibilidade LOE total do quartzo apresentaram valores médios maiores para as unidades inferiores (Fm. Guarda Velha = 3295 contagens e Fm. Varzinha = 3655 contagens) em relação às superiores (Fm. Pedra Pintada = 2271contagens e Fm. Serra do Apertado = 2457 contagens). As médias dos componentes LOE rápido (15-19%), médio (37-38%) e lento (43-46%) não apresentam diferenças marcantes entre as unidades. A assembléia de minerais pesados dominada por zircão, apatita e turmalina sugere que os sedimentos arenosos do Grupo Guaritas são derivados principalmente de rochas ígneas ácidas (granitos neoproterozóicos). A pequena variação do índice ZRi aponta manutenção da configuração litológica da área-fonte durante a deposição das unidades estudadas. A abundância de feldspatos, fragmentos líticos e, principalmente, de apatita indica deposição em ambiente árido e/ou soterramento rápido. Isto é coerente com a sensibilidade LOE do quartzo, que é relativamente reduzida, indicando baixo grau de retrabalhamento sedimentar para as areias do Grupo Guaritas. A sensibilidade LOE mais elevada das areias da Formação Guarda Velha representaria maior contribuição de sedimentos distais mais retrabalhados.A sensibilidade LOE do quartzo permite avaliar o grau de retrabalhamento de sedimentos antigos (Cambriano), já que até então este método tinha sido aplicado somente à sedimentos quaternários. / The Guaritas Group (Eocambrian of the Camaquã Basin, southern Brazil) is mainly composed of fine to coarse-gravelly sandstones, interpreted as a record of fluvial and aeolian depositional systems. This stratigraphic unity may present more than 1500m thick of sediments, comprising the Guarda Velha, Pedra das Torrinhas, Varzinha, Pedra Pintada and Serra do Apertado formations. The Guaritas Group relates to important geological events occurred in southern Brazil during the Eopaleozoic. Its deposition marks the final episode of sedimentary filling of an extensional rift basin (Camaquã Basin) during the Cambrian, in an area after covered by a huge intracratonic basin (Paraná Basin) during the Ordovician. To contribute with new information about the provenance of Eopalaezoic Brazilian sediments, the sandy rocks of the Guaritas Group were analyzed through heavy minerals, thin section petrography and luminescence methods. Heavy minerals analyses were carried out in the very fine sand fraction of 44 rock samples collected from outcrops. These analyses included the identification and quantification of the transparent non-micaceous heavy minerals as well as the determination of the ZTR (zircon+tourmaline+rutile), ATi (apatite/(apatite+tourmaline)), ZTi (zircon/(tourmaline+zircon)) and ZRi (zircon/(rutile+zircon) indices. Thin section petrography was used to describe depositional and diagenetic components and classify the studied sandstones. Further, four samples were selected for measurements of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) sensitivity in quartz single-grains. The OSL sensitivity was calculated using the total OSL curve as well as specific components, informally named fast, medium and slow. The OSL sensitivity of quartz has been used as a proxy for sedimentary reworking. The studied sandstones were classified as arkoses, subarkoses and sublitharenites. The identified heavy minerals and their mean percentages were: zircon (36%), tourmaline (13%), rutile (3%), apatite (23%), garnet (16%), anatase (7%), titanite (1%), sillimanite (1%), monazite (<1%), epidote (<1%), hornblende (<1%), staurolite (<1%) and kyanite (<1%). These heavy minerals were described in all studied units of the Guaritas Group. The mean values of the ZTR indice varied from 20 (Serra do Apertado Fm.) to 40 (Pedra Pintada Fm.) while the ZTi indice presented mean values between 62 (Guarda Velha Fm.) and 73 (Pedra Pintada Fm.). The mean values of the ZRi and ATi indices ranged from 81 (Guarda Velha Fm.) to 90 (Varzinha Fm.) and from 79 (Guarda Velha Fm.) to 83 (Serra do Apertado Fm.), respectively. The total OSL sensitivity of quartz demonstrated higher mean values for the bottom units (Guarda Velha Fm. = 3295 counts; Varzinha Fm. = 3655 counts) than for the upper units (Pedra Pintada Fm. = 2271 counts, and Serra do Apertado Fm. = 2457 counts). The means of the fast OSL component (15-19%), medium (37-38%) and slow (43-46%) did not differ markedly among the units. The heavy minerals assemblage dominated by zircon, tourmaline and apatite suggests that the sandy sediments of the Guaritas Group are mainly derived from acid igneous rocks (neoproterozoic granites).The low range of variation of the ZRi indice points out the maintenance of similar primary source rocks during the deposition of the Guaritas sediments. The abundance of unstable grains such as feldspars, lithic fragments and apatite indicates deposition under arid climate and/or high rate of sediment accumulation. The OSL sensitivity of quartz grains is relatively low, suggesting sands with low degree of reworking. This is compatible with the high content of unstable sand grains (apatite, feldspar and lithic fragments) and elevated rate of sediment accumulation. The greater proportion of grains with higher OSL sensitivity in the Guarda Velha Formation represents an increased contribution of sediments from distal more reworked sources.The OSL sensitivity of quartz allows evaluate the degree of reworking of older sediments (Cambrian), since this method had been applied only to Quaternary sediments.

A luminescência opticamente estimulada (OSL) é a luminescência emitida por um material, isolante ou semicondutor, durante exposição à luz e que foi previamente exposto à radiação ionizante. Portanto, depende da quantidade de cargas armadilhadas na estrutura do material, o que por sua vez depende da dose de radiação absorvida pela amostra. Dessa forma, a busca por novos materiais para serem utilizados como detectores de radiação envolve a criação de defeitos que atuem como armadilhas e/ou centros luminescentes. Recentemente, as interações entre os plásmons de nanopartículas metálicas e centros luminescentes têm sido utilizadas para aumentar a intensidade luminescente emitida por diversos materiais. Nesse trabalho, foi investigada a possibilidade de aplicação das propriedades plasmônicas de nanoestruturas de prata e ouro, no aumento da emissão OSL. Para isso, foram testados como dosímetros OSL, compósitos de cloreto de sódio contendo nano e micropartículas de prata; compósitos de óxido de zinco contendo nanopartículas de ouro e prata; e amostras de cloreto de sódio depositado sobre filmes de nanopartículas de prata e ouro. As amostras foram caracterizadas por diversas técnicas como espectroscopia UV-Vis, espalhamento dinâmico de luz, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, espectroscopia de fotoluminescência, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, microscopia de força atômica, entre outras. Foi possível verificar que a intensificação dos campos elétricos locais em torno de nanopartículas metálicas em condições de ressonância plasmônica aumenta a taxa de desarmadilhamento de elétrons durante a estimulação OSL. O acoplamento plasmônico causou aumento das taxas de decaimento radiativo e redução das taxas de decaimento não radiativo, produzindo aumento da intensidade OSL. Além disso, as interações entre as armadilhas/centros luminescentes e os plásmons variam de acordo com a distância entre as partes, e a maior intensidade OSL foi obtida para amostras em que houve um espaçamento de aproximadamente 15 nm entre o NaCl o filme de nanopartículas de prata. Portanto, é possível utilizar as propriedades plasmônicas de nanoestruturas metálicas para aumentar a intensidade da luminescência opticamente estimulada, dando origem a novos e mais sensíveis detectores e dosímetros das radiações ionizantes. / Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is a well-known light emission process involving light stimulation of an insulator/semi-conductor material previously exposed to ionizing radiation. The intensity of the emitted light is proportional to the ionizing radiation dose previously absorbed by the material. Developing appropriate OSL materials for radiation detection and dosimetry is based on the doping and co-doping of a host material to create defects that can act as traps and/or luminescent centers. In this context, plasmon interaction with luminescent centers from OSL materials could be a new, different, and unexplored method to achieve enhanced OSL intensity and consequently improve their sensitivity as radiation detectors. In this study, we investigated whether it is possible to use the plasmonic properties of noble metal nanoparticles to obtain plasmon-enhanced OSL. To this end, we produced samples of NaCl containing nano and microparticles; composites of ZnO containing silver and gold nanoparticles; as well as samples of NaCl deposited over films of gold and silver nanoparticles. Each sample has been tested as a radiation detector by means of optically stimulated luminescence, in addition to having their materials properties analyzed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We discovered that the electric field intensification around nanoparticles under plasmon resonance conditions enhances the excitation rate of trapped electrons. The plasmon coupling during the emission process increases the radiative and diminishes the non-radiative decay rates, leading to enhanced OSL intensities. Furthermore, the interaction between traps/luminescent centers and plasmons is highly dependent on the distance between them, and the maximum OSL intensity was observed for samples with 15 nm spacing between the NaCl and the silver nanoparticle films. Therefore, it is possible to use the plasmon properties of metal nanostructures to increase OSL, giving rise to new and more sensitive ionizing radiation detectors and dosimeters.

Foi construída uma nova versão de um sistema para medidas de correntes termo-estimuladas em circuito aberto (DTE). Mostrou-se que no Teflon FEP, carregado com corona negativa, os ruídos que aparecem nas curvas de DTE , que são devidos a micro rupturas elétricas na amostra, causam uma variação de potencial considerável na mesma. Verificou-se também que a corrente anômala originada pelo deslocamento de cargas na camada de ar entre a amostra e a placa sensora pode perturbar as medidas de DTE com amostras virgens carregadas positivamente. A inversão de polaridade da corrente nas medidas de DTE na região próxima a temperatura ambiente, foi explicado como sendo devido a variação da capacitância da amostra em função da temperatura. Medidas de DTE, realizadas com o polímero PETP (Mylar), mostraram que o processo de transporte que dá origem ao pico de corrente acima de 100 C é devido a uma condutividade intrínseca originária da geração de portadores em centros neutros de ionização. Essa geração possui uma dependência com o campo elétrico do tipo Poole-Frenkel e a mobilidade dos portadores livres, depende do volume livre o qual tem valor maior que o de equilíbrio abaixo da temperatura da transição vítrea / A new version of thermo stimulated current setup (DTE) in open circuit was built. It was shown in measurements electric noise is present in the DTE curve in Tefon FEP negatively charged which is due to micro electric breakdown in the sample. It was also found that the electric current in air gap between the sample surface and the sensor plate can disturb DTE measurements performed in positively charged samples. The polarity inversion on the DTE curves at room temperature range is due to the capacitance variation with the temperature. DTE measurements on PETP (Mylar) showed that the charge transport gives a current peak at 100 C due to an intrinsic conductivity generated by carriers from ionization centers. This process is described by a Poole-Frenkel