Keywords: ars moriendi, castrum doloris, early modern period, epitaphs, funeral essentials, funeral procession, funeral sermons, Prague, sepulcher essentials, tomb stones The thesis introduces a specific part of the cultural history of the early modern period - the funeral culture. Considering the extensiveness of thematter, the scope has been limited to the area of Prague, to the cultural sphere of secular nobility and to the time period between the years 1500 and 1700. Naturally, the timeframe is not and cannot be absolute given the nature of this subject matter, which is culture. In the introductory chapter, the paper seeks to clarify eschatology and religious conditions in the early modern period, depicting death and its grip in the 16th and 17th centuries. Each chapter is devoted to a specific phenomenon of the funeral culture, in the same order in which the succession should logically follow shortly before and after the death of an important person. As such, the thesis specifically discusses the doctrine of "good death" - so called ars moriendi, exhibitions of the body, the funeral procession, construction of the Castrum Doloris, funeral sermons, and provision of funeral monuments. At the conclusion, the thesis ventures into the geographically and religiously distant Duchy of Finland, which...

This thesis explores bodily representations in Late Iron Age Scandinavia (400–1050 AD). Non-human bodies, such as gold foil figures, and human bodies are analysed. The work starts with an examination and deconstruction of the sex/gender categories to the effect that they are considered to be of minor value for the purposes of the thesis. Three analytical concepts – masks, miniature, and metaphor – are deployed in order to interpret how and why the chosen bodies worked within their prehistoric contexts. The manipulations the figures sometimes have undergone are referred to as masking practices, discussed in Part One. It is shown that masks work and are powerful by being paradoxical; that they are vehicles for communication; and that they are, in effect, transitional objects bridging gaps that arise in continuity as a result of events such as symbolic or actual deaths. In Part Two miniaturization is discussed. Miniaturization contributes to making worlds intelligible, negotiable and communicative. Bodies in miniatures in comparison to other miniature objects are particularly potent. Taking gold foil figures under special scrutiny, it is claimed that gold, its allusions as well as its inherent properties conveyed numinosity. Consequently gold foil figures, regardless of the context, must be understood as extremely forceful agents. Part Three examines metaphorical thinking and how human and animal body parts were used in pro-creational acts, resulting in the birth of persons. However, these need not have been human, but could have been the outcomes of turning a deceased into an ancestor, iron into a steel sword, or clay into a ceramic urn, hence expanding and transforming the members of the family/household. Thus, bone in certain contexts acted as a transitional object or as a generative substance. It is concluded that the bodies of research are connected to transitions, and that the theme of transformation was one fundamental characteristic of the societies of study.

Este trabalho consiste na caracterização química e termoanalítica da composição química de cálculos biliares e bile humana, coletados da vesícula biliar de pacientes que foram submetidos à colecistectomia no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. As metodologias utilizadas para amostragem, caracterização química e termoanalítica foram previamente otimizadas por um estudo preliminar, trabalhando-se com um total de 38 amostras de cálculos biliares e bile da vesícula biliar humana. A técnica de análise elementar para a determinação dos teores de carbono, hidrogênio e nitrogênio foi usada para a caracterização química junto com a espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho e difração de raios X. Esses resultados foram complementados por dados obtidos pelas técnicas termoanalíticas TG/DTG e DSC. O estudo do comportamento térmico foi realizado empregando as técnicas TG/DTG em atmosfera dinâmica de ar e razão de aquecimento de 10 ºC min-1. No caso da amostra de cálculo biliar SF15, considerada atípica por apresentar um teor de 81% de CaCO3 na sua composição química, utilizou-se atmosfera mista de ar+CO2. Em todos os ensaios foram empregados. Os eventos térmicos (físicos e químicos) foram evidenciados pelas curvas DSC, por picos no sentido endotérmicos e exotérmicos. A comparação dos perfis das curvas TG/DTG e os resultados de perdas de massa evidenciaram junto com os teores de CHN obtidos por análise elementar, possibilitaram classificar os cálculos biliares em oito grupos distintos (A, B, C, D, E, F, G e H). As curvas DSC, os espectros de infravermelho e os difratogramas de raios X, confirmaram a distinção da composição química desses grupos. Deste modo, foi possível a elaboração de uma nova classificação para os cálculos biliares da vesícula biliar humana baseado na sua composição química. / This work consists of the chemical characterization and thermoanalytical of the chemical composition of gallstones and human bile, collected of the gallbladder of patients that were submitted to cholecystectomy at University Hospital of São Paulo University. The methodologies used to sampling, chemical characterization and thermoanalytical were previously optimized for a preliminary study, working with a total of 38 gallstones and human bile samples. For chemical characterization elementary analysis techniques, to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen determination, infrared spectroscopy and X-rays diffraction were used, these results complemented the obtained thermoanalytical data for TG/DTG and DSC techniques. The gallstones and bile samples thermal behavior study was accomplished using the techniques TG/DTG in dynamic air atmosphere. In the case gallstone SF15 sample, considered like abnormal due to its content of 81% of CaCO3 in its chemical composition. For this one, a mixture air + CO2 was used. In all experiments were used heating rate of 10 °C min-1. The thermal events (physical and chemical) were evidenced by the DSC curves, with endothermic and exothermic peaks. By means of the comparison TG/DTG curves profiles, the results of mass losses for them evidenced, with CHN\'s contents obtained for elementary analysis, they can classify the gallstones in eight distinct groups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H). The DSC curves, infrared spectra and X-rays diffraction, they confirmed the chemical composition distinction of these groups. Thus, it was possible the elaboration of a new classification for the gallstones formatted in the human gallbladder based in your chemical composition.

<p>This thesis explores bodily representations in Late Iron Age Scandinavia (400–1050 AD). Non-human bodies, such as gold foil figures, and human bodies are analysed. The work starts with an examination and deconstruction of the sex/gender categories to the effect that they are considered to be of minor value for the purposes of the thesis. Three analytical concepts – masks, miniature, and metaphor – are deployed in order to interpret how and why the chosen bodies worked within their prehistoric contexts.</p><p>The manipulations the figures sometimes have undergone are referred to as masking practices, discussed in Part One. It is shown that masks work and are powerful by being paradoxical; that they are vehicles for communication; and that they are, in effect, transitional objects bridging gaps that arise in continuity as a result of events such as symbolic or actual deaths.</p><p>In Part Two miniaturization is discussed. Miniaturization contributes to making worlds intelligible, negotiable and communicative. Bodies in miniatures in comparison to other miniature objects are particularly potent. Taking gold foil figures under special scrutiny, it is claimed that gold, its allusions as well as its inherent properties conveyed numinosity. Consequently gold foil figures, regardless of the context, must be understood as extremely forceful agents.</p><p>Part Three examines metaphorical thinking and how human and animal body parts were used in pro-creational acts, resulting in the birth of persons. However, these need not have been human, but could have been the outcomes of turning a deceased into an ancestor, iron into a steel sword, or clay into a ceramic urn, hence expanding and transforming the members of the family/household. Thus, bone in certain contexts acted as a transitional object or as a generative substance.</p><p>It is concluded that the bodies of research are connected to transitions, and that the theme of transformation was one fundamental characteristic of the societies of study.</p>

I rapporten har vi skrivit om naturstenens roll och förutsättningar som fasadmaterial inom byggproduktion. Målet med undersökningen var att belysa nya tekniker som finns på marknaden. Metoder som har använts för att undersöka infästningstekniker är genom intervjuer och studiebesök.   Den stora frågan var att ta reda på hur dem nya teknikerna kan påverka vår arbetsmiljö, miljö samt estetik. En annan fråga var hur den nya tekniken kan uppfylla de nya kraven?   Natursten är ett naturligt material som är inhomogen och därför förekommer det färgskiftningar och variationer i stenskivorna. En beställare ska därför vara väldigt specifik när stenen utses.   Det finns en stor risk med att förankra stenskivor utan mekanisk förankring. Utan förankringen kan stenen lossna från fasaden. Idag bygger vi vanligen med tekniken ventilerad luftspalt, mellanrum mellan stenskivor och stomme. På det sättet kan alla stenskivor röra sig utan spänningar samtidigt som luftspalten ventilerar och dränerar ut fukten bakom stenskivorna. Genom att välja lämpliga stendimensioner och ankare i standardutförande kan kostnaderna minskas. Denna rapport tar upp ny teknik. FZP, Fischer Zykon Panel, är ett undercut ankare. Detta är en valmöjlighet om en beställare vill erhålla skivor som är 20 mm i tjocklek.   Björn Shouenborg har designat ett program som gör det möjligt att dimensionera sten på fasader. Programmmet visar om dimensioneringen är ok med hänsyn till säkerhetskraven.   Med tanke på de stora miljökraven som ställs är det både lönande att undersöka möjligheter och ny teknik. Stommen byggs med mer isolering vilket kräver en längre expanderbult eller ankare mellan stenen och stommen.   I denna rapport framkommer det att en arkitekt och stenentreprenör är positiva till ACT-systemet.  Den här rapporten har belyst att den nya tekniken har en positiv påverkan på arbetsmiljön, miljön, estetik och tid. / The report talks about the capacity and conditions as a façade material within building construction. The goal with the research was to shed light on the new technique available today.  The methods used to examine the mechanical anchoring techniques were through interview and fieldstudies. The main question was to find out how those new technologies can affect our health and safety, environment and aesthetics. Another question is how the new technology can meet the new requirements?   Natural stone is a natural material that is inhomogeneous and therefore there are color variations and variations in stone tiles. A client should therefore be very specific when the stone is appointed. There is a great risk to anchor stone tiles without mechanical anchoring, without it the stone can detach from the façade. The technology most commonly used in anchoring stone is using a ventilated air gap, a space between the stone tiles and facade. In this way, all stone tiles move without tension and furthermore the air gap ventilates and drains the moisture behind the stone tiles. It is possible to cut costs by choosing the appropriate stone dimensions and tiles in the standard execution. New technology opens up new possibilities. An alternative is FZP, Fischer Zykon Panel which is an undercut anchor. This could be used as an option if a client wishes to have 20 mm thick tiles. Bjorn Shouenborg, researcher, has designed a program that makes it possible to dimension stone facades.The software that shows if the design is ok with regard to safety requirements.   Given the large environmental requirements imposed today, it is conceivable both be worthwhile to explore the possibilities and new technologies. The façade is built with more insulation which requires a longer expansion of anchors.   In this report, it appears that an architect and stone contractor is positive for the ACT system. This report has highlighted that the new technology has a positive impact on the work environment, the environment, aesthetics and time.

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A presente dissertação consiste na análise da obra As pedras do caminho, da escritora gaúcha Lydia Mombelli da Fonseca, no tocante à investigação literária da representação do sujeito feminino, com base em aporte teórico de estudos culturais de gênero, crítica feminista, bem como regionalidade, ideologia patriarcal e identidade. Nesse sentido, observa-se o papel referente à mulher na sociedade, principalmente, por volta da década de 1950, ano de publicação do romance, com o objetivo de desvelar estigmas e comportamentos esperados das mulheres na época, além de promover reflexões a respeito de naturalizações sociais estabelecidas e reproduzidas em relação ao sujeito feminino, ainda, em meio à contemporaneidade. Ademais, este estudo busca demonstrar a participação da mulher como sujeito do processo histórico-cultural enquanto produtora de texto literário, trazendo ao conhecimento acadêmico a autora Lydia Mombelli da Fonseca, a fim de contribuir para o alargamento da história cultural e literária da Região de Colonização Italiana do Rio Grande do Sul e do próprio estado. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-11-23T15:36:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jaqueline Modelski.pdf: 1377584 bytes, checksum: 5c06aba292ddfb13df6bd8e3f3feea8c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-23T15:36:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jaqueline Modelski.pdf: 1377584 bytes, checksum: 5c06aba292ddfb13df6bd8e3f3feea8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-23 / The present dissertation consists on the analysis of the novel The stones of the road (As pedras do caminho), by the female gaucho writer Lydia Mombelli da Fonseca, with regard to the literary research of the representation of the female subject, based on theoretical framework of cultural studies of gender, feminist criticism and regionality, patriarchal ideology and identity. In this sense, it is possible to observe the role relating to women in society, especially in the decade of 1950, the year of publication of the novel, in order to unveil stigmas and behaviors expected of women at the time, in addition to promoting reflections on established and reproduced social naturalizations in relation to the female subject, even amidst the present. Furthermore, this study seeks to demonstrate the participation of women as the subject of historical and cultural process as a producer of literary text, bringing to academic knowledge the author Lydia Mombelli da Fonseca, in order to contribute to the expansion of the cultural and literary history of the Italian Colonization Region of Rio Grande do Sul and the state itself.

Le premier objectif des études présentées dans cette thèse est de caractériser un gisement argileux kaolinique de la région du sud-ouest Algérien qui n’a jamais été exploité auparavent, d’améliorer les propriétés de surface de cette argile suite à des modifications réalisées par revêtement avec un aminosilane (APTES) ou par échange cationique avec un agent tensioactif (CTAB), ce qui nous a permis de développer les sites actifs à la surface de ce matériau. Les matériaux préparés ont été caractérisés par DRX, ATG, IRTF, MET et MEB. Deux autres matériaux d’origine végétale d’une grande abondance au sud-ouest Algérien qui sont les racines de la plante Calotropis Procera et les noyaux de dattes de Feggous sont aussi caractérisés. Le second objectif de cette étude est l’application de ces matériaux dans l'élimination de différents types de polluants en solutions aqueuses : métaux lourds (Zn(II) et Mn(II)) et Colorants synthétiques anionique et cationique (Rouge Congo et Violet de gentiane) pour une mise en évidence de l’efficacité des matériaux argileux et végétaux vis-à-vis de l'adsorption de ces polluants. L’étude de l’adsorption consiste à discuter les effets du temps de contact, pH et la concentration initiale du soluté en utilisant une technique d'adsorption en batch. L’effet de la température a permis de réaliser une étude thermodynamique pour définir la nature des phénomènes d’adsorption. En outre, différents modèles de cinétique (premier et second ordres) et d’isothermes d’adsorption (Langmuir et Freundlich) sont utilisés pour l’évaluation de la capacité des supports kaoliniques naturel et modifiés (K08, KC et KS) et des supports végétaux (CP et ND) à adsorber ces polluants organiques et inorganiques. Le kaolin naturel (K08) a montré une bonne affinité vis-à-vis tous les polluants avec des capacités d’adsorption remarquables ; cette capacité a considérablement évolué par la modification. Le kaolin modifié (KS) s’avère le meilleur adsorbant pour ces types de polluants (métaux lourds et colorants synthétiques). Les racines de CP présentent une très bonne affinité pour les métaux lourds, alors que les noyaux de dattes donnent des résultats plus remarquables pour la biosorption des colorants / The first aim of the studies presented in this thesis is to characterize a kaolin clay deposit in south-western Algerian region which has never been exploited, to improve the surface properties of the clay due to changes made by coating with an amino silane (APTES) or cationic exchange with a surfactant (CTAB), which allowed us to develop the active sites on the surface of this material. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, TGA, FTIR and SEM. Two other vegetable materials of great abundance in the southwest Algerian who are the roots of the plant Calotropis Procera and Feggous date stones are also characterized. The second aim of this study is the application of these materials in removing different kinds of pollutants in aqueous solutions: heavy metals (Zn (II) and Mn (II)) and anionic and cationic synthetic dyes (Congo red and Purple gentian) to the effectiveness demonstration of the clay and vegetable materials to adsorb these pollutants. The study of adsorption is to discuss the effects of contact time, pH and initial concentration of the solute using a batch adsorption technique. The effect of temperature has achieved a thermodynamic study to define the nature of adsorption phenomena. In addition, different kinetic models (first and second order) and adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) are used to assess the ability of clay materials (K08, KC and KS) and vegetable materials (CP and ND) to adsorb such organic and inorganic pollutants. The natural clay (K08) showed good affinity towards all pollutants with remarkable adsorption capacity, this capacity has evolved considerably by modifications. The modified kaolin (KS) proves the best adsorbent for these types of pollutants (heavy metals and synthetic dyes). The roots of CP have a very good affinity for heavy metals, while the date stones give more remarkable results for biosorption dyes

A presente dissertação consiste na análise da obra As pedras do caminho, da escritora gaúcha Lydia Mombelli da Fonseca, no tocante à investigação literária da representação do sujeito feminino, com base em aporte teórico de estudos culturais de gênero, crítica feminista, bem como regionalidade, ideologia patriarcal e identidade. Nesse sentido, observa-se o papel referente à mulher na sociedade, principalmente, por volta da década de 1950, ano de publicação do romance, com o objetivo de desvelar estigmas e comportamentos esperados das mulheres na época, além de promover reflexões a respeito de naturalizações sociais estabelecidas e reproduzidas em relação ao sujeito feminino, ainda, em meio à contemporaneidade. Ademais, este estudo busca demonstrar a participação da mulher como sujeito do processo histórico-cultural enquanto produtora de texto literário, trazendo ao conhecimento acadêmico a autora Lydia Mombelli da Fonseca, a fim de contribuir para o alargamento da história cultural e literária da Região de Colonização Italiana do Rio Grande do Sul e do próprio estado. / The present dissertation consists on the analysis of the novel The stones of the road (As pedras do caminho), by the female gaucho writer Lydia Mombelli da Fonseca, with regard to the literary research of the representation of the female subject, based on theoretical framework of cultural studies of gender, feminist criticism and regionality, patriarchal ideology and identity. In this sense, it is possible to observe the role relating to women in society, especially in the decade of 1950, the year of publication of the novel, in order to unveil stigmas and behaviors expected of women at the time, in addition to promoting reflections on established and reproduced social naturalizations in relation to the female subject, even amidst the present. Furthermore, this study seeks to demonstrate the participation of women as the subject of historical and cultural process as a producer of literary text, bringing to academic knowledge the author Lydia Mombelli da Fonseca, in order to contribute to the expansion of the cultural and literary history of the Italian Colonization Region of Rio Grande do Sul and the state itself.