Thesis (Doctoral)--Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu München, 1982.

Esta dissertação propõe analisar os Livros III e IV da Geografia de Estrabão com o objetivo de identificar como um grego das regiões do Oriente Próximo formulara um quadro de encontro de povos nas regiões Ocidentais do mar Mediterrâneo nos tempos da expansão do Império Romano, e entender qual o papel ele atribui a esta cidade neste processo. Com esta abordagem, pretendemos discutir o importante conceito de Romanização, caro aos trabalhos que abordam a relação entre Roma e suas províncias, além de procurar entender como os o passado dos espaços por nós estudados Península Ibérica e a Europa entre o Reno e os Pirineus foi fruto de uma série de leituras e interpretações distintas, que, em alguns casos, prejudicou o próprio uso da fonte escrita como documento para pensar as transformações pelas quais passaram. A Geografia de Estrabão é vista, dessa forma, como um documento importante e valioso para se pensar as mudanças ocorridas nessas regiões, não somente por conta da chegada dos romanos, mas também como testemunho da importância de outros povos na sua integração a uma nova forma de viver. / This dissertation proposes to examine the Books III and IV of the Geography of Strabo with the aim of identifying how a greek man from the Near Eastern regions formulated a framework for meeting people in the western regions of the Mediterranean Sea, at the time of the Roman Empire expansion, and to understand what role does de assigns to this city in this process. With this approach, we intend to discuss the important concept of Romanization, due to works that deal with the relationship between Rome and its provinces, and we seek to understand how the past of the spaces we studied - Iberian Peninsula and Europe between the Rhine and the Pyrenees - was the result of a number of different readings and interpretations, which, in some cases, damaged the very use of writing documents as a source for thinking the transformations in. The Geography of Strabo is seen, therefore, as an important and valuable document to think about the changes occurring in these regions, not only because of the arrival of the Romans, but also as a witness of the importance other people in their integration to a new form to live.

Esta dissertação propõe analisar os Livros III e IV da Geografia de Estrabão com o objetivo de identificar como um grego das regiões do Oriente Próximo formulara um quadro de encontro de povos nas regiões Ocidentais do mar Mediterrâneo nos tempos da expansão do Império Romano, e entender qual o papel ele atribui a esta cidade neste processo. Com esta abordagem, pretendemos discutir o importante conceito de Romanização, caro aos trabalhos que abordam a relação entre Roma e suas províncias, além de procurar entender como os o passado dos espaços por nós estudados Península Ibérica e a Europa entre o Reno e os Pirineus foi fruto de uma série de leituras e interpretações distintas, que, em alguns casos, prejudicou o próprio uso da fonte escrita como documento para pensar as transformações pelas quais passaram. A Geografia de Estrabão é vista, dessa forma, como um documento importante e valioso para se pensar as mudanças ocorridas nessas regiões, não somente por conta da chegada dos romanos, mas também como testemunho da importância de outros povos na sua integração a uma nova forma de viver. / This dissertation proposes to examine the Books III and IV of the Geography of Strabo with the aim of identifying how a greek man from the Near Eastern regions formulated a framework for meeting people in the western regions of the Mediterranean Sea, at the time of the Roman Empire expansion, and to understand what role does de assigns to this city in this process. With this approach, we intend to discuss the important concept of Romanization, due to works that deal with the relationship between Rome and its provinces, and we seek to understand how the past of the spaces we studied - Iberian Peninsula and Europe between the Rhine and the Pyrenees - was the result of a number of different readings and interpretations, which, in some cases, damaged the very use of writing documents as a source for thinking the transformations in. The Geography of Strabo is seen, therefore, as an important and valuable document to think about the changes occurring in these regions, not only because of the arrival of the Romans, but also as a witness of the importance other people in their integration to a new form to live.

Mon travail de thèse est une édition traduite et commentée du livre XV de la Géographie de Strabon.L'introduction replace l'Inde et la Perse de Strabon dans la tradition géographique grecque. Un commentaire philologique, historique et géographique illustre de façon linéaire les principaux intérêts du texte. / My PhD is an edition, translation and commentary of Book XV of Strabo's Geography. The introduction deals with the place of Strabo's India and Persia within Greek geographical tradition. A philological, historical and geographical commentary is following the text.

Aucun document original de cartographie antique n’a été conservé, mais, bien avant le célèbre traité de Ptolémée, c’est la « géographie descriptive » grecque et latine qui nous permet de nous en faire une idée. Dans cette thèse, nous avons identifié les sections « cartographiques » de la Géographie de Strabon et en avons donné le texte grec, accompagné d’une traduction italienne, d’un commentaire et d’une fiche bibliographique limitée à l’essentiel. À chaque fois, nous faisons précéder cette analyse critique d’un bref aperçu historique sur la région considérée, car c’est en dernière instance l’histoire qui produit les informations sur la « position des lieux et les distances » (comme l’affirme Polybe). Dans l’ordre même de la description strabonienne, l’Ibérie, la Gaule et la Bretagne représentent les étapes des conquêtes romaines en Occident, depuis la guerre d’Hannibal jusqu’à l’âge d’Auguste ; ces conquêtes furent décisives pour la perception et la représentation des territoires internes de l’Europe occidentale. À cette tripartition régionale correspondent les trois chapitres de la thèse ; les subdivisions thématiques reflètent les particularités des territoires provinciaux telles qu’elles sont perçues et enregistrées par les sources de Strabon. La topographie de l’espace vécu et les schémas géométriques des grands espaces géographiques relèvent de deux critères de représentation différents. Le cadre général qui émerge de l’analyse est un système orthogonal ; dicté par la direction (erronée) nord-sud des Pyrénées et calqué sur le schéma des principaux éléments physiques (fleuves et montagnes), ce système s’étend jusqu’au Rhin et s’applique aussi à la côte méridionale de la Bretagne. Toutefois, le problème reste ouvert de savoir comment ce schéma peut être concilié avec le dessin du littoral atlantique des Pyrénées jusqu’à l’embouchure du Rhin. / The Dissertation analyzes the 'cartographic' sections of the books III and IV of Strabo’s Geography, which are reported in Greek and accompanied by an Italian translation, a brief comment and an essential bibliography. The basis for this critical analysis is, from time to time, a brief historical profile of the examined region because, ultimately, it is the history that reveals the information “about the position of the places and about the distances" (Polybius). In accordance with Strabo’s description, Iberia, Gaul and Britain represent the milestones of the Roman conquest, that was decisive for the perception and the representation of the most internal areas of the western Europe. This regional trisection corresponds the three chapters of the Dissertation; the sub-divisions of each chapter reflect the peculiarities of the different areas described by Strabo’s sources (Polybius, Posidonius, Artemidorus). The topography of the lived space and the geometric schemes of the bigger geographical areas belong to two different criteria of representation. The general picture establishes an orthogonal scheme. Dictated by erroneous north-south course of the Pyrenees (that derives from Polybius) and based on the delineation of the main physical elements (rivers and mountains), this orthogonal scheme stretches until the Rhine, involving also the southern coast of the Britain. A problem rests unsolved: in which way this scheme

La thèse consiste en une édition critique, à partir des manuscrits médiévaux, du livre XVII de la Géographie de Strabon, une description des pays traversés par le Nil (Égypte et Éthiopie) et de la Libye rédigée au tournant de notre ère. Elle est accompagnée d’une traduction en français et d’un commentaire. L’introduction revient d’abord sur la tradition textuelle du livre pour asseoir le choix des manuscrits retenus. Puis, l’auteur replace le livre XVII en général, et l’Égypte en particulier, dans le cadre de la vie et de l’œuvre de Strabon, et tente d’en dégager les aspects méthodologiques, stylistiques et rhétoriques, en particulier la rhétorique de l’éloge de Rome et d’Auguste, principe structurant de l’ensemble de la Géographie. Le commentaire explicite les choix éditoriaux pour l’établissement du texte grec, et met en lumière le texte de Strabon en le confrontant aux autres données dont nous disposons sur les espaces et la période considérés (géographiques, historiques, littéraires, papyrologiques, épigraphiques, archéologiques, botaniques, zoologiques). / The dissertation consists in a critical edition, from the medieval manuscripts, of Strabo’s Geography book XVII, a description of the countries crossed by the Nile (Egypt and Ethiopia) and Libya written at the turn of our era. It comes with a French translation and a commentary. The introduction reconsiders first the textual tradition of the book to establish the choice of the manuscripts. Then, the author replaces the book XVII in general, and Egypt in particular, within the framework of Strabo’s life and work, and attempts to identify the methodological, stylistic and rhetorical issues of the text, in particular the rhetoric of the praise of Rome and August, structuring principle of the whole Geography. The commentary explains the editorial decisions for establishing the Greek text, and highlights Strabo’s text by confronting it with our other data about the considered spaces and time (geographical, historical, literary, papyrological, epigraphical, archaeological, botanical, zoological).

This thesis explores Hellenistic and imperial Greek texts that represent or discuss the river Nile. The thesis makes an original contribution to scholarship by examining such texts in he light of the history of Greek discourse about the Nile and in the context of social, political and cultural changes, and takes account of relevant ancient Egyptian texts. I begin with an introduction that provides a survey of earlier scholarship about the Nile in Greek literature, before identifying three themes central to the thesis: the relationship between Greek and Egyptian texts, the tension between rationalism and divinity, and the interplay between power and literature. I then highlight both the cultural significance of rivers in classical Greek culture, and the polyvalence of the river Nile and its inundation in ancient Egyptian religion and literature. Chapter 1 examines the significance of Diodorus Siculus' representation of the Nile at the beginning of his universal history; it argues that the river's prominence constructs Egypt as a primeval landscape that allows the historian access to the distant past. The Nile is also seen to be useful to the historian as a conceptual parallel for his historiographical project. Whereas Diodorus begins his universal history with the Nile, Strabo closes his universal geography with Egypt; the second chapter demonstrates how Strabo incorporates the Nile into his vision of the new Roman world. Chapter 3 presents a diachronic study of Greek discourse concerning the two major Nilotic problems, the cause of the annual inundation and the location of the sources. It examines first the construction of the debates, and second the transformation of that tradition in Aelius Aristides' Egyptian Oration. The functions of the Nile in Greek praise-poetry are the subject of chapter 4; it is shown that the Nile and its benefactions are used by poets to lay claim to political, religious or cultural authority, and to situate Egypt within an expanding oikoumene. The fifth and final chapter turns to Greek narrative fictions from the imperial period. The chapter demonstrates that the Nile is more familiar than exotic in these texts. It is shown that Xenophon of Ephesus and Achilles Tatius play with the trope of 'novelty' in this very familiar literary landscape, while Heliodorus articulates a more profound disruption of the expected Egyptian tropes, and ultimately replaces Egypt with Ethiopia as a new Nilotic environment.