Customer insight is at the heart of the big data era. This revolution makesit possible to directly obtain high potential data and in large quantitiesabout customers. Thus we take note that, more than ever, a large volumeof big data is collected by companies.We observe that big data have become a necessary tool within marketing.More and more companies orient their decisions according to theinformations provided by data, with the aim of quickly having betterresults.Nevertheless, in order to integrate these big data in a better way and gaina competitive advantage, companies must face new challenges. Tomeasure and understand the impact of big data in marketing decisions,we propose, with the support of our scientific and theoretical resources, areasoning, demonstrating all the issues. Big data is increasinglyubiquitous and necessary for companies (I). Their impact in decisionsneeds to be taken into account (II) and their use is leading to amanagement revolution (III). Moreover, it modifies the close relationbetween decision and intuition. (IV). In this article, we present aperspective that study all these concepts. We close by offering a modeland a conclusion answering our problematic.

Strategic planning as a technique had its peak in Brazil around 1990 in business, and this positive expectation expanded to public organizations as a panacea for all the ills of the sector. Questioning the excessive optimism, this study analyzed the strategic decisions of public managers of the Municipality of Santiago / RS follow the formal strategic planning. This paper is a case study and in order to achieve the proposed goal, this assumes descriptive and qualitative treatment of data using the technique of analysis of content. Participated in the research seven managers from different hierarchical levels of the municipal government, and were used as instruments for data collection the analysis of documents and guided interviews by a predetermined script (protocol). The interviews were transcribed under the authorization of the respondents that the analysis of content by Bardin's vision was made. For this, the interviews were subjected to successive readings in order to identify the presence of certain contents, whose analysis categories were: the planning cycle, programmed and non-programmed decisions (intuition), the bureaucracy, the importance of strategic planning in the public sector, the continuity of strategic actions, the federal and state legal / political changes, community involvement, innovative profile. In a second moment, it started the search for factors that would fit in the categories analyzed. That is, we sought to find the words that were relevant to all the contents of each answer, and they had the same sense, and were eliminated those without pertinence to this research. The interviews took place in the months of March and July 2014. The main results expose that strategic planning influences the decision- making of municipal managers because in the thirteen years of its development and implementation reached 83% of the actions performed in 2013. However, the feeling of managers and your leadership profile are essential to deal with emergency situations and coin the differential in public management. / O planejamento estratégico como técnica teve seu auge no Brasil por volta de 1990 nas empresas, e essa expectativa positiva expandiu-se para as organizações públicas como uma panaceia para todas as mazelas desse setor. Questionando o otimismo excessivo, este estudo analisou se a tomada das decisões estratégicas dos gestores públicos da Prefeitura Municipal de Santiago/RS segue o planejamento estratégico formal. O presente trabalho é um estudo de caso e, a fim de atingir o objetivo proposto, este assume caráter descritivo e com tratamento qualitativo dos dados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Participaram da pesquisa sete gestores de diferentes níveis hierárquicos da prefeitura municipal, e utilizaram-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados a análise de documentos e entrevistas guiadas por um roteiro (protocolo) pré-estabelecido. As entrevistas foram transcritas sob a autorização dos respondentes para que fosse feita a análise de conteúdo à visão de Bardin (2006). Para tanto, as entrevistas foram submetidas a sucessivas leituras de modo a identificar a presença de certos conteúdos, cujas categorias de análise foram: ciclo de planejamento, decisões programadas e não programadas (intuição), burocracia, a importância do planejamento estratégico no setor público, a continuidade das ações estratégicas, as mudanças políticas/legais federal e estadual, participação comunitária e perfil inovador. Em um segundo momento, iniciou-se a procura de fatores que se enquadrassem nas categorias em análise. Ou seja, buscou-se encontrar as palavras que eram relevantes em todo o conteúdo de cada resposta e que possuíam o mesmo sentido, e foram eliminados aqueles sem pertinências para esta pesquisa. As entrevistas ocorreram nos meses de março e julho de 2014. Os principais resultados encontrados expõem que o planejamento estratégico influencia a tomada de decisão dos gestores municipais, pois nos treze anos de sua elaboração e implementação atingiu 83% das ações executadas, em 2013. No entanto, o feeling dos gestores e seu perfil de liderança são essenciais para lidar com situações emergenciais e cunhar o diferencial na gestão pública.

This dissertation focused on an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in today’s global business environment—strategic alliance portfolio. Building on resource-based view, resource dependency theory and real options theory, this dissertation adopted a multi-dimensional perspective to examine the performance implications, strategic antecedents of alliance portfolio configuration, and its strategic effects on firms’ decision-making on their continuing foreign expansion. The dissertation consisted of three interrelated essays, each of which dealt with a specific research question. In the first essay I applied a two-dimensional construct that embraces both alliance relations’ and alliance partners’ attributes to illustrate alliance portfolio configuration. Based on this framework, a longitudinal study was conducted attempting to explore the performance properties of alliance portfolio configuration. The results revealed that alliance diversity and partner diversity have different relative contributions to firms’ economic performance. The relationship between alliance portfolio configuration and firm performance was shaped by degree of multinationality in a curvilinear pattern. The second essay attempted to identify the firm level driving forces of alliance portfolio configuration and how these forces interacting with firms’ internationalization influence firms’ strategic choices on alliance portfolio configuration. The empirical results indicated that past alliance experience, slack resource and firms’ brand images are three critical determinants shaping alliance portfolios, but those shaping relationships are conditioned by firms’ multinationality. The third essay primarily employed real options theory to build a conceptual framework, revealing how country-, alliance portfolio-, firm-, and industry level factors and their interactions influence firms’ strategic decision-making on post-entry continuing expansion in foreign markets. The two empirical studies were resided in global hospitality and travel industries and use panel data to test the relevant theoretical models. Overall, the dissertation advanced and enriched the theoretical domain of alliance portfolio. It particularly shed valuable insights on three fundamental questions in the domain of alliance portfolio research, namely “if and how alliance portfolios contribute to firms’ economic performance”; “what determines the appearance of alliance portfolios; and “how alliance portfolios affect firms’ strategic decision-making”. This dissertation also extended the international business and strategic management research on service multinationals’ foreign expansion and performance.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-17T21:12:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivano Ribeiro.pdf: 1650931 bytes, checksum: 68ed9b8dac8df9af8189abb64aaaa020 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-17T21:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivano Ribeiro.pdf: 1650931 bytes, checksum: 68ed9b8dac8df9af8189abb64aaaa020 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-06 / The boards are seen as a real black box due to knowing little about the influence of its members in organizational decisions. Few studies have addressed this issue in family corporations, either being by the low number of formal councils or the difficulty to access information. This study aimed to answer the following question: what is the influence of the board composition in strategic decision making in a large family corporate group? For this purpose, a content analysis of 38 proceedings and two board meeting transcripts of a large family corporate group was performed. The results indicate that the internal members have a strong focus on operational issues, while the external members are guided in strategic aspects. The existence of two families in the shareholding control creates conflicts, and there is also support for decisions within the family. The members with extensive experience are resistant to change their opinions and avoid decisions involving retrenchment, even facing unfavorable scenarios. The main contributions of this study relate to: identify some theoretical dimensions that involve the study of decision making; evidence to show that conflicts between different families are detrimental to decision making in the board; and indications that the participation of outside directors is critical to increasing the strategic focus of the decisions. / Os Conselhos Empresariais são observados como uma verdadeira caixa preta devido ao pouco que se conhece sobre a influência de seus membros nas decisões organizacionais. Poucos estudos abordaram este tema em empresas familiares, seja pelo baixo número de Conselhos formais existentes, seja pela dificuldade de acesso a suas informações. Neste estudo buscou-se responder a seguinte questão: qual a influência da composição do Conselho na tomada de decisão estratégica em um grupo empresarial familiar de grande porte? Para isso foi realizada uma análise do conteúdo de 38 Atas e duas transcrições de reuniões do Conselho de um grupo empresarial familiar de grande porte. Os resultados indicam que os membros internos possuem grande foco em questões operacionais, enquanto os membros externos se pautam em aspectos estratégicos. A existência de duas famílias no controle acionário gera conflitos, havendo também apoio das decisões dentro do núcleo familiar. Membros com grande experiência são resistentes a mudanças de opiniões e evitam decisões que envolvam retrenchment, mesmo diante de cenários desfavoráveis. As principais contribuições deste estudo se relacionam com: identificação de algumas dimensões teóricas que envolvem os estudos sobre tomada de decisão; indícios que apontam que os conflitos existentes entre diferentes famílias são prejudiciais para a tomada de decisão no Conselho; e indicativos de que a participação de conselheiros externos é fundamental para o aumento do foco estratégico das decisões.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of the current situation of the agriculture company Jamenská a.s. and with the proposal how to use the empty building of a former cowshed. Specifically, the evaluation of the project, which involves the implementation of breeding rabbits in the unused object.

Sweden's decision to participate in Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) in Iraq 2015 appears to be a paradox in the perspective of the new defence policy which emphasises an increased national defence capacity. The Swedish Armed Forces is expected to increase both its national capacity and its international commitments despite personnel and economical limitations?Besides this paradox the Swedish decision to participate in a US-lead operation appears to be a deviant case in several perspectives which has not been investigated by previous research. The Swedish Parliament decision is made in a security environment tinged by Russian aggression against Ukraine. At the same time the domestic situation is framed by a weak minority government which relies on unorthodox political agreements to survive. Despite its weak position the government abandons traditional practise like the operation´s legal framework, the processing of the government bill etc.The purpose of this thesis is to explain why Sweden seems to seek broader international military cooperation and deepening its international commitments when there is an increased need for national defence capacity-building.When Swedish security and sovereignty is threatened, directly by Russian aggression and indirectly by weakened international institutions it is a rational choice to seek broader and deeper cooperation with other partners. OIR is hereby a unique opportunity to an operational cooperation with the only state that alone can counteract Russian aggression in the Baltic region, USA.By a decision-making process with the ability to apprehend both foreign policy and defence policy ends the political opposition abandons ideological stands and political benefits enabling the parliament decision.

<p>The primary research question of this dissertation is, \textit{How do contestants make sequential design decisions under the influence of competition?} To address this question, I study the influence of three factors, that can be controlled by the contest organizers, on the contestants' sequential information acquisition and decision-making behaviors. These factors are (i) a contestant's domain knowledge, (ii) framing of a design problem, and (iii) information about historical contests. The \textit{central hypothesis} is that by conducting controlled behavioral experiments we can acquire data of contestant behaviors that can be used to calibrate computational models of contestants' sequential decision-making behaviors, thereby, enabling predictions about the design outcomes. The behavioral results suggest that (i) contestants better understand problem constraints and generate more feasible design solutions when a design problem is framed in a domain-specific context as compared to a domain-independent context, (ii) contestants' efforts to acquire information about a design artifact to make design improvements are significantly affected by the information provided to them about their opponent who is competing to achieve the same objectives, and (iii) contestants make information acquisition decisions such as when to stop acquiring information, based on various criteria such as the number of resources, the target objective value, and the observed amount of improvement in their design quality. Moreover, the threshold values of such criteria are influenced by the information the contestants have about their opponent. The results imply that (i) by understanding the influence of an individual's domain knowledge and framing of a problem we can provide decision-support tools to the contestants in engineering design contexts to better acquire problem-specific information (ii) we can enable contest designers to decide what information to share to improve the quality of the design outcomes of design contest, and (iii) from an educational standpoint, we can enable instructors to provide students with accurate assessments of their domain knowledge by understanding students' information acquisition and decision making behaviors in their design projects. The \textit{primary contribution} of this dissertation is the computational models of an individual's sequential decision-making process that incorporate the behavioral results discussed above in competitive design scenarios. Moreover, a framework to conduct factorial investigations of human decision making through a combination of theory and behavioral experimentation is illustrated. <br></p>

Bakgrund: Kvinnors väg till toppositioner inom näringslivet kantas av fler hinder än deras manliga motsvarigheter. En anledning kan vara de antaganden som finns kring kvinnors riskundvikande. Liknande antaganden finns även när det kommer till ålder och ämbetstid i beslutsfattande positioner. Det strategiska risktagandet är ett resultat av det strategiska beslutsfattande styrelser och ledningsgrupper utför, varpå intresse finns i att se om samband råder mellan variablerna eller om antagandena är felaktiga. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att få ökad förståelse för relationen mellan ledningsgruppens och styrelsens sammansättning och bolags strategiska risktagande. Metod: Det är en kvantitativ metod som appliceras på studien med en deduktiv ansats. Teorierna som behandlas är Prospect theory, Social identity approach och Upper echelons. Datainsamlingen utgår från nyckeltal från respektive bolags årsredovisningar och Infotorg Företag. Resultat: Alla hypoteser förkastas och slutsatsen blir därför att kvinnor, ålder och styrelsens respektive ledningsgruppens ämbetstid inte har något specifikt inflytande på det strategiskt risktagande då det inte hittades några samband för detta. / Background: Women's path to top positions in organisations is lined with more obstacles than their male counterparts. One reason may be the assumptions that exist about women's risk avoidance. Similar assumptions also exist when it comes to age and tenure in decision-making positions. The strategic risk-taking is a result of the strategic decision-making boards and top management teams carry out, whereupon there is interest in seeing if there is a connection between the variables or if the assumptions are false. Purpose: The study aims to gain an increased understanding of the relationship between the composition of the board of directors and the top management team, and companies' strategic risk-taking. Method: It is a quantitative method that is applied to the study with a deductive approach. The theories covered are Prospect theory, Social identity approach and Upper echelons. The data collection is based on key figures from each company's annual reports and Infotorg Företag. Conclusion: All hypotheses are rejected and the conclusion is therefore that women, age and the term of office of the board and management team have no specific influence on the strategic risk-taking as no connection was found for this.

Bakgrund: Digitaliseringens utveckling har under de senaste åren accelererat och innebär utmaningar för organisationer kring att snabbt kunna anpassa sig efter nya förhållanden och ställa om (Guinan et al., 2019). Chefsarbetet har därmed blivit alltmer komplext då chefer behöver ha inblick i den tekniska utvecklingen (Zeike et al., 2019). Till följd av förändringar i omgivningen ligger fokus på att ha en välutvecklad strategi för att kunna möta de utmaningar som uppkommit (Liedtka, 2000). Beslutsprocesserna har under distansarbetet blivit mindre effektiva och tar längre tid. Organisationer behöver se över sin strategi och utveckla arbetsformer för att anpassa dem till det flexibla arbetssätt som digitaliseringen medfört (Gabryelczyk, 2020). Syfte: Med hjälp av studien ämnar vi skapa en förståelse kring de utmaningar och möjligheter som uppkommit vid strategiska beslutsprocesser till följd av digitaliseringen. Ämnet belyses utifrån en kommunal verksamhet, vilket Almeida et al. (2020) menar inte forskats kring i stor utsträckning tidigare. Metod: En kvalitativ metod användes för studien. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med åtta personer som underlag för empirin. Förutom det, samlades även två dokument in som komplement till intervjuerna. Slutsats: Den digitala transformationen genomsyrar hela organisationen och bör tas i beaktande vid det strategiska beslutsfattandet. De faktorer som enligt det empiriska resultatet påverkat den strategiska beslutsprocessen är informationstillgänglighet, begränsad kommunikation samt deltagande. Det empiriska resultatet visar att den faktorn som påverkat de strategiska beslutsprocesserna mest till följd av digitaliseringen är att information blivit mer lättillgänglig. Till följd av detta går det enklare att få fram information till beslutsunderlag och beslutsunderlagen kan därmed hålla en högre kvalitet. Dessutom har digitaliseringen skapat möjligheter till bättre omvärlds- och konsekvensanalyser. Informationstillgängligheten antas bidra till att chefer kan vara mer rationella i sitt beslutsfattande. Den andra faktorn som empiriskt identifierats är begränsad kommunikation i form av att informationsöverföringen mellan personer brister i viss mån och att diskussioner blir stelare under digitala möten. Resultatet visar att det trots detta, genom digitaliseringen rent tekniskt finns resurser för att kommunicera samt dela information. När den mänskliga faktorn kopplas in framkommer dock att diskussioner i själva verket blir stelare vid digitala möten jämfört med i ett fysiskt rum. Digitaliseringen kan alltså i viss mån antas gynna beslutsprocessen i och med att5effektiviseringar kan göras om de digitala verktygens potential utnyttjas, men beslutsprocessen kan även missgynnas på grund av stelare diskussioner. Den tredje faktorn är att deltagandet har främjats till följd av digitaliseringen. Resultatet visar att möjligheten till ett ökat deltagande genom att bemöta digitaliseringens möjligheter har bidragit till en större möjlighet till att deltagare, problem, lösning och beslutstillfälle sammanfaller. / Background: The progress of digitalization has been incremental in recent years which poses challenges for organizations to adapt promptly to new conditions and change (Guinan et al., 2019). Therefore, the managerial work has become even more complex as managers need to be aware of the technical development (Zeike et al., 2019). The focus remains on having a well-developed strategy and strategic decision making to adapt to the changes in the environment (Liedtka, 2000). The decision-making process has become less efficient and is more time consuming since people are working remotely. The organizations need to reevaluate their stratgies and develop their working methods to implement digitalization (Gabryelcyk, 2020). Purpose: The study conducted intends to create an understanding of the challenges and opportunities that have arisen in the strategic decision-making process due to digitalization. This subject shed light based on a municipality operation which according to Almeida et al. (2020) is not a subject that has been extensively researched before. Method: A qualitative method have been used for the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight people as a basis for empiricism. Moreover, two documents were added as a complement to the interviews. Conclusion: The digital transformation impacts the entire organization and should be taken into consideration in strategic decision-making. The factors that due to the empirical results have affected the strategic decision-making process are information accessibility, limited communication, and participation. The empirical findings shows that due to digitalization the factor that has influenced the strategic decision-making processes most is that information has become more accessible.Consequently, it is easier to obtain information for decision making. Thus, the decision foundation retains a greater quality. In addition, digitalization has created opportunities for better environmental and consequence analysis. The accessibility of information to managers is assumed to contribute to better rational decision making.The second factor empirical identified is limited communication. During digital meetings, the exchange of information has a propensity to be miscommunicated and sometimes part of the information is omitted, as well as discussions tends to be stiffer. On the other hand, the study results show that despite this, through digitalization, there are technical resources to7communicate and share information. However, when the human factor is involved, it seems that discussions become stiffer in digital meetings compared to physical ones. Hence, digitalization can to some extend benefit the decision-making process in terms of efficiency whilst utilizing the potential of the digital tools. Yet, it has also a disadvantage due to stiffer discussions.The third factor is that participation has improved because of digitalization. The results show that the opportunity for improved participation, through digitalization, has contributed to a greater opportunity for participants, problems, solutions, and decision making to coincide.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第18408号 / 情博第523号 / 新制||情||92(附属図書館) / 31266 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 多々納 裕一, 教授 石田 亨, 准教授 畑山 満則 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM