Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2008. / Title from PDF title screen. "01 JUL 2008"--Report documentation page. NTIS no: ADA 486101 Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-181). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 17, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-91).

Thesis (Ph.D. in Philosophy (Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences))--North Carolina State University, July 2008. / Title from reproduction cover. "July 2008." Thesis advisor(s): S. Pal Arya and Michael L. Kaplan. Performed by North Carolina State University; sponsored by the United States Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Includes vita. "A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences from North Carolina State University. 2008."--P. [iv1]. "This research was funded by Air Force grant FA8718-04-C-0011."--p. ii. "Cl09-0007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-181). Also available online from the North Carolina State University Library and DTIC Online Web sites.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-223). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Earth and Space Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-147). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11793

In this thesis, we assess various climatic impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), a geoengineering proposal that aims to cool Earth by enhancing the sunlight-reflecting aerosol layer in the lower stratosphere. To this end, we employ simpleradiative transfer models, a detailed radiative transfer code (SOCRATES), and two Hadley Centre general circulation models (HadGEM2-CCS and HadGEM2-ES). We find that the use of a light-absorbing aerosol (black carbon) for SAI would result in significant stratospheric warming and an unprecedented weakening of the hydrological cycle. Conversely, we find that SAI with sulphate or titania aerosol could counteract many of the extreme climate changes exhibited by a business-as-usual scenario (RCP8.5) by the end of this century. In a separate investigation, we show that volcanic aerosol dispersion following low-altitude volcanic eruptions can exhibit high sensitivity to the ambient weather state. Volcanic aerosol may get 'trapped' in a single hemisphere or transported to the opposite hemisphere depending simply on the meteorological conditions on the day of the eruption. In a final study, we investigate the impacts of SAI on North Atlantic tropical storm frequency. We find that SAI exclusively promoted in the southern hemisphere would increase North Atlantic storm frequency, and vice versa for northern hemisphere SAI. The results of this thesis should promote further research into SAI, which could conceivably be deployed to maintain global-mean temperature below the COP21 target of +1.5 K above pre-industrial levels, whilst society transitions onto a sustainable energy pathway. Conversely, the possibility of SAI being weaponised, for instance, to specifically increase North Atlantic tropical storm frequency, should motivate policymakers to implement effective regulation and governance to deter unilateral SAI deployments.

Severe ozone depletion in the polar lower stratosphere has been linked to significant changes in tropospheric circulation patterns in the both hemispheres. Observed Southern Hemisphere circulation changes are easily reproduced in climate models and may be achieved by either increasing ozone depleting substances in a chemistry-climate model(CCM) or by imposing observed ozone losses as a zonally-symmetric perturbation in a prescribed-ozone global circulation model (GCM). In the Northern Hemisphere however, only the CCM method produces a circulation response in agreement with analysis of observations, while the GCM method is unable to produce any significant tropospheric circulation changes from imposing observed zonal-mean Arctic ozone losses. Confidence in a mechanistic link between Arctic stratospheric ozone change and changes in tropospheric circulation is greatly increased if the change can be reproduced using a GCM in addition to being reproducible in a CCM. This thesis demonstrates that by allowing ozone to vary along longitude, and by imposing ozone depletion during a realistic timeframe, the GCM method can produce circulation changes compatible with both the CCM method and observations. An equivalent-latitude coordinate allows the prescribed ozone field, and imposed ozone losses, to follow the polar vortex as it is systematically disturbed or displaced off the pole throughout the winter, producing a realistic circulation response in the troposphere in contrast to when ozone and its imposed losses are zonally-symmetric. Timing the imposed ozone depletion with the breakup of the polar vortex reveals that the appearance of the circulation response is very sensitive to the relative timing of these events and to the pre-existing dynamical state of the polar vortex. These results demonstrate that prescribing ozone as a zonally symmetric climatology within a GCM, as has been recent practice in the literature, is only representative of the Southern Hemisphere and is inappropriate for accurately representing processes within the Arctic stratosphere. Moreover this work demonstrates that these dynamically-evolving zonal asymmetries in ozone, which are not present in zonally-symmetric ozone schemes, play a crucial role in allowing perturbations in the Arctic stratosphere to influence the troposphere and surface conditions.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, 1982. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science / Bibliography: leaves 40-41. / by Eduardo Pantig Olaguer. / M.S.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-167).