The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is one of the world&rsquo / s largest active continental strikeslip faults, and forms the northern margin of the Anatolian plate. Although its geologic and geomorphologic features are well defined, crustal deformation and associated seismicity around central segment of the NAF is relatively less-known. In this study, we analyzed locations and focal mechanisms of 172 events with magnitude &ge / 3, which are recorded by 39 broadband seismic stations deployed by the North Anatolian Passive Seismic Experiment (2005-2008). Distribution of the events shows that the local seismicity in the area is widely distributed, suggesting a widespread continental deformation, particularly in the southern block. For the entire data set, P- and S- arrival times are picked and events are relocated using the HYPOCENTER program. Then, relocated events which have a good azimuthal coverage with a maximum gap of 120&deg / and at least 13 P- wave readings are selected and 1-D inversion algorithm, VELEST, is used to derive the 1-D seismic velocity model of the region. The final model with updated locations is later put together to the FOCMEC program, to obtain focal mechanisms solutions. In this step, an iterative scheme is applied by increasing the number of data errors. To obtain more unique solutions, first motions of P and SH v phases are used along with SH/P amplitude ratios. Resultant 109 well-constrained focal mechanisms later used to perform stress tensor inversion across the region. Our focal mechanisms suggest a dominant strike-slip deformation along two major fault sets in the region. In the east, E-W trending splays (Ezinepazari, Almus, and La&ccedil / in Kizilirmak) show right-lateral strike-slip motion similar to the NAF whereas in the west, N-S trending faults (Dodurga, Eldivan) show left lateral strike-slip motion. Overall, stress orientations are found as: maximum principal stress, &sigma / 1, is found to be subhorizontal striking NW-SE, the intermediate principle stress, &sigma / 2, is vertically orientated and the minimum principal stress, &sigma / 3, is found to be NE &ndash / SW striking, consistent with the strike-slip regime of the region.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14161号 / 工博第2995号 / 新制||工||1444(附属図書館) / 26467 / UT51-2008-N478 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科マイクロエンジニアリング専攻 / (主査)教授 立花 明知, 教授 榊 茂好, 教授 木村 健二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

This work presents four new methods for the analysis and visualization of tensor fields. The focus is on tensor fields which arise in the context of structural mechanics simulations. The first method deals with the design of components made of short fiber reinforced polymers using injection molding. The stability of such components depends on the fiber orientations, which are affected by the production process. For this reason, the stresses under load as well as the fiber orientations are analyzed. The stresses and fiber orientations are each given as tensor fields. For the analysis four features are defined. The features indicate if the component will resist the load or not, and if the respective behavior depends on the fiber orientation or not. For an in depth analysis a glyph was developed, which shows the admissible fiber orientations as well as the given fiber orientation. With these visualizations the engineer can rate a given fiber orientation and gets hints for improving the fiber orientation. The second method depicts gradients of stress tensors using glyphs. A thorough understanding of the stress gradient is desirable, since there is some evidence that not only the stress but also its gradient influences the stability of a material. Gradients of stress tensors are third order tensors, the visualization is therefore a great challenge and there is very little research on this subject so far. The objective of the third method is to analyse the complete invariant part of the tensor field. Scalar invariants play an important role in many applications, but proper selection of such invariants is often difficult. For the analysis of the complete invariant part the notion of 'extremal point' is introduced. An extremal point is characterized by the fact that there is a scalar invariant which has a critical point at this position. Moreover it will be shown that the extrema of several common invariants are contained in the set of critical points. The fourth method presented in this work uses the Heat Kernel Signature (HKS) for the visualization of tensor fields. The HKS is computed from the heat kernel and was originally developed for surfaces. It characterizes the metric of the surface under weak assumptions. i.e. the shape of the surfaces is determined up to isometric deformations. The fact that every positive definite tensor field can be considered as the metric of a Riemannian manifold allows to apply the HKS on tensor fields.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19702号 / 工博第4157号 / 新制||工||1641(附属図書館) / 32738 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科マイクロエンジニアリング専攻 / (主査)教授 立花 明知, 教授 木村 健二, 教授 伊藤 秋男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23456号 / 理博第4750号 / 新制||理||1681(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)教授 山路 敦, 准教授 佐藤 活志, 教授 生形 貴男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

O presente trabalho trata do cálculo da força contra eletromotriz em carga de uma máquina síncrona com ímãs na superfície do rotor (cuja forma de onda de força contra eletromotriz é não senoidal) sendo esta alimentada por correntes de fase cujas forma de onda são quadradas. Para conduzir esta investigação e calcular a força contra eletromotriz da máquina em estudo, faz-se uma revisão sobre o Método da Permeabilidade Fixa, método este que permite a linearização do ponto de operação da máquina. Dessa forma, as simulações são conduzidas por meio do método dos elementos finitos e do Método da Permeabilidade Fixa, levando-se em conta a forma de onda da corrente de alimentação. Atenção especial é dada ao modo que se analisa o fluxo concatenado e a forma de obtenção da força contra eletromotriz uma vez que as formas de onda do fluxo concatenado sofrem variações abruptas a cada 60º elétricos. Além destes parâmetros, analisa-se também cada uma das parcelas do torque eletromagnético, i.e., torque mútuo, torque de relutância e torque de borda, sendo realizado ao final do trabalho, uma comparação entre a soma da estimativa de cada parâmetro com o valor do torque eletromagnético obtido por meio de uma simulação não linear. / This work deals with the assessment of a surface mounted magnet synchronous machine\'s parameters (whose back-EMF is approximately trapezoidal) and that is fed by an ideal square current waveform. In order to investigate and describe each machine\'s parameter, a review on Frozen Permeability Method is presented. Some simulation by means of finite element method with the aid of Frozen Permeability Method are carried out taking into account that the machine is fed by an ideal square current waveform. The results for flux-linkage wave-form and back-EMF waveform are shown and analyzed. A special attention is given to back-EMF calculation since the linkage flux of each phase has an abrupt change every sixty electrical degrees due to the phase commutation. In addition, an attention is given to each torque component on load condition, i.e., mutual torque, reluctance torque, cogging torque and a comparison between the electromagnetic torque and the summation of these components.

O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um pós-processador para um software baseado no método dos elementos finitos destinado a problemas de eletromagnetismo. Três métodos de determinação de torque de origem eletromagnética são abordados e comparados do ponto de vista da precisão e implementação, quais sejam: variação da energia magnética, integração do tensor de Maxwell e princípio do trabalho virtual (derivada do jacobiano local). Dois métodos são propostos para a determinação de reatâncias de eixo direto e em quadratura de máquinas síncronas. A metodologia é aplicada na análise de um motor síncrono de relutância de 15 hp, 380v, 4 pólos, cujos resultados são apresentados no capítulo IV. / The aim of this work is to develop a post-processor for use with an electromagnetism-oriented software based upon the Finite Elements Method. Three methods for determining electromagnetic torque are presented and compared in terms of precision and implementation: (i) Variation of Magnetic Energy, (ii) Maxwell Stress Method and (iii) Virtual-work Principle (Local Jacobian Derivative). Two methods for calculating direct-axis and quadrature-axis reactances of synchronous machines are proposed. The methodology is applied in the analysis of a 15 HP, 380 v, 4-pole reluctance synchronous motor and the results are presented in Chapter IV.

O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um pós-processador para um software baseado no método dos elementos finitos destinado a problemas de eletromagnetismo. Três métodos de determinação de torque de origem eletromagnética são abordados e comparados do ponto de vista da precisão e implementação, quais sejam: variação da energia magnética, integração do tensor de Maxwell e princípio do trabalho virtual (derivada do jacobiano local). Dois métodos são propostos para a determinação de reatâncias de eixo direto e em quadratura de máquinas síncronas. A metodologia é aplicada na análise de um motor síncrono de relutância de 15 hp, 380v, 4 pólos, cujos resultados são apresentados no capítulo IV. / The aim of this work is to develop a post-processor for use with an electromagnetism-oriented software based upon the Finite Elements Method. Three methods for determining electromagnetic torque are presented and compared in terms of precision and implementation: (i) Variation of Magnetic Energy, (ii) Maxwell Stress Method and (iii) Virtual-work Principle (Local Jacobian Derivative). Two methods for calculating direct-axis and quadrature-axis reactances of synchronous machines are proposed. The methodology is applied in the analysis of a 15 HP, 380 v, 4-pole reluctance synchronous motor and the results are presented in Chapter IV.

This work presents detailed numerical calculations of the dielectrophoretic force in octupolar traps designed for single-cell trapping. A trap with eight planar electrodes is studied for spherical and ellipsoidal particles using an indirect implementation of the boundary element method (BEM). Multipolar approximations of orders one to three are compared with the full Maxwell stress tensor (MST) calculation of the electrical force on spherical particles. Ellipsoidal particles are also studied, but in their case only the dipolar approximation is available for comparison with the MST solution. The results show that the full MST calculation is only required in the study of non-spherical particles. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

O presente trabalho trata do cálculo da força contra eletromotriz em carga de uma máquina síncrona com ímãs na superfície do rotor (cuja forma de onda de força contra eletromotriz é não senoidal) sendo esta alimentada por correntes de fase cujas forma de onda são quadradas. Para conduzir esta investigação e calcular a força contra eletromotriz da máquina em estudo, faz-se uma revisão sobre o Método da Permeabilidade Fixa, método este que permite a linearização do ponto de operação da máquina. Dessa forma, as simulações são conduzidas por meio do método dos elementos finitos e do Método da Permeabilidade Fixa, levando-se em conta a forma de onda da corrente de alimentação. Atenção especial é dada ao modo que se analisa o fluxo concatenado e a forma de obtenção da força contra eletromotriz uma vez que as formas de onda do fluxo concatenado sofrem variações abruptas a cada 60º elétricos. Além destes parâmetros, analisa-se também cada uma das parcelas do torque eletromagnético, i.e., torque mútuo, torque de relutância e torque de borda, sendo realizado ao final do trabalho, uma comparação entre a soma da estimativa de cada parâmetro com o valor do torque eletromagnético obtido por meio de uma simulação não linear. / This work deals with the assessment of a surface mounted magnet synchronous machine\'s parameters (whose back-EMF is approximately trapezoidal) and that is fed by an ideal square current waveform. In order to investigate and describe each machine\'s parameter, a review on Frozen Permeability Method is presented. Some simulation by means of finite element method with the aid of Frozen Permeability Method are carried out taking into account that the machine is fed by an ideal square current waveform. The results for flux-linkage wave-form and back-EMF waveform are shown and analyzed. A special attention is given to back-EMF calculation since the linkage flux of each phase has an abrupt change every sixty electrical degrees due to the phase commutation. In addition, an attention is given to each torque component on load condition, i.e., mutual torque, reluctance torque, cogging torque and a comparison between the electromagnetic torque and the summation of these components.