The research presented in this thesis: (1) quantifies and qualifies the Surface Free Energy (SFE) of neat and Liquid Anti-Strip (LAS) modified asphalt binders (binder); and (2) identifies volumetric mix properties that inhibit or assist in the susceptibility of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) to moisture damage based on time dependent phenomenological mechanical responses. These two research elements provide insight into the physical, chemical, mechanical and volumetric mix properties that inhibit or facilitate moisture damage in HMA. Moisture damage is a mechanism that causes distress and failure in asphalt concrete (AC) pavements due to a loss of durability resulting from the presence of moisture, in the form of a vapour or liquid, originating internally or externally. This reduces the pavements performance by promoting distresses such as: longitudinal cracking, spalling, rutting, shoving, stripping and ravelling. When moisture originates or is introduced in the AC a weakening of adhesion and cohesion of the material occurs, due in part to: binder properties, aggregate properties, volumetric mix properties, environmental conditions, traffic volume and loads, pavement design and construction practices. The research performed was split in two parts. The first part consisted of conducting SFE measurements on two PG 58-34 binders with different sources. One binder was modified with a LAS agent at concentrations of 0.5%, 2.0% and 5.0% by mass of binder and the other binder was kept neat. The neat and LAS modified binders were subjected to short-term aging by oxidation and then tested with a goniometer to determine their SFE and wettability. The SFE measurements revealed that an LAS concentration of 0.5% maximizes: (1) the work of adhesion of an unaged and aged binder, and (2) the ability of the binder to repel water. Furthermore, the process of aging increases the hydrophobicity or tendency of the binder to repel water regardless of the LAS concentration. Hence, an LAS concentration of 0.5% minimizes the potential for moisture damage in HMA. The second part of the research consisted of investigating the potential for moisture damage of seven bituminous type B (Bit B) and eight bituminous type C (Bit C) mix specified by Manitoba Infrastructure and Transportation. Laboratory testing of the resilient modulus and creep compliance was conducted to determine the fundamental mechanical response of the material. The resilient modulus and creep compliance test program were conducted on samples before and after moisture conditioning. As a result of the testing program, it was observed that the susceptibility of AC to moisture damage based on volumetric mix properties can be dependent on the air voids ratio, aggregate gradation and binder content of the mix.

The research presented in this thesis: (1) quantifies and qualifies the Surface Free Energy (SFE) of neat and Liquid Anti-Strip (LAS) modified asphalt binders (binder); and (2) identifies volumetric mix properties that inhibit or assist in the susceptibility of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) to moisture damage based on time dependent phenomenological mechanical responses. These two research elements provide insight into the physical, chemical, mechanical and volumetric mix properties that inhibit or facilitate moisture damage in HMA. Moisture damage is a mechanism that causes distress and failure in asphalt concrete (AC) pavements due to a loss of durability resulting from the presence of moisture, in the form of a vapour or liquid, originating internally or externally. This reduces the pavements performance by promoting distresses such as: longitudinal cracking, spalling, rutting, shoving, stripping and ravelling. When moisture originates or is introduced in the AC a weakening of adhesion and cohesion of the material occurs, due in part to: binder properties, aggregate properties, volumetric mix properties, environmental conditions, traffic volume and loads, pavement design and construction practices. The research performed was split in two parts. The first part consisted of conducting SFE measurements on two PG 58-34 binders with different sources. One binder was modified with a LAS agent at concentrations of 0.5%, 2.0% and 5.0% by mass of binder and the other binder was kept neat. The neat and LAS modified binders were subjected to short-term aging by oxidation and then tested with a goniometer to determine their SFE and wettability. The SFE measurements revealed that an LAS concentration of 0.5% maximizes: (1) the work of adhesion of an unaged and aged binder, and (2) the ability of the binder to repel water. Furthermore, the process of aging increases the hydrophobicity or tendency of the binder to repel water regardless of the LAS concentration. Hence, an LAS concentration of 0.5% minimizes the potential for moisture damage in HMA. The second part of the research consisted of investigating the potential for moisture damage of seven bituminous type B (Bit B) and eight bituminous type C (Bit C) mix specified by Manitoba Infrastructure and Transportation. Laboratory testing of the resilient modulus and creep compliance was conducted to determine the fundamental mechanical response of the material. The resilient modulus and creep compliance test program were conducted on samples before and after moisture conditioning. As a result of the testing program, it was observed that the susceptibility of AC to moisture damage based on volumetric mix properties can be dependent on the air voids ratio, aggregate gradation and binder content of the mix.

My thesis focuses on modern Palestine and the role of nationalism and fundamentalism in the construction of Palestinian national identity. H&dotbelow;amas provides a case study of Islamic fundamentalism in Palestine. The movement developed during the late 1980's as a reaction to the failures of the secular project. H&dotbelow;amas is a reflection of a region-wide phenomenon. It is not solely a reaction to modernity. Rather, H&dotbelow;amas is the result of specific condition that led to the politicization of Islam after the Intifad&dotbelow;a . Today the nationalist PLO and H&dotbelow;amas struggle to define Palestinian identity and to shape the emerging Palestinian state. / Palestinian national identity like that of other modern nations has been constructed. Nation-building or identity construction in Palestine can be divided into four historical stages. Each stage is characterized by overlapping and competing identities: Ottoman, Arab, religious, local and kinship. These identities are not mutually exclusive and often a combination of identities became prominent historically depending on the internal and external forces pressuring society. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

In Turkey, there is not a comprehensive (integrated) coastal policy. In addition, there are many different policies and legal regulations describing the implementation processes of these policies and institutional structures emerged as the consequences of these regulations concerning the coastal areas. Although there is a coastal law specified for the coasts, the applicability of the rules determining the utilization principles of the coast and shore strip described with this law administratively has always been controversial. In the Constitution, the principle of controlling the coasts and shore strips within the framework of public interest and environmental protection was adopted. The valid Coastal Law necesitates the formation of a uniform spatial pattern in the shore strip described in a stable manner. This situation means that the existing characteristics of small coastal settlements, existed in an integration with the sea throughout the history, were ignored and the relations of these settlements with the sea were disconnected. The main target of the thesis is to put forward and critisize to what extent the spatial pattern desired to constitute with the planning approach proposed in the Law is in service of the public interest and principles of environmental protection in the small coastal settlements. Finally, the implementation problems caused by the Coastal Law in Bozburun are put forward in this thesis. Recommendations are given concerning that the power of planning should be increased in this process and accordingly institutional structure should be rearrenged in stead of the Coastal Law&rsquo / s proposing similar plan decisions for the coastal settlements at any scale.

abstract: This dissertation examines the development of grassroots environmental organizations between 1970 and 2000 and the role they played in the larger American environmental movement and civil society during that period. Much has been written about growth in environmental values in the United States during the twentieth century and about the role of national environmental organizations in helping to pass landmark federal-level environmental laws during the 1960s and 1970s. This study illuminates a different story of how citizen activists worked to protect and improve the air, water, healthfulness and quality of life of where they lived. At the local level, activists looked much different than they did in Washington, D.C.--they tended to be volunteers without any formal training in environmental science or policy. They were also more likely to be women than at the national level. They tended to frame environmental issues and solutions in familiar ways that made sense to them. Rather than focusing on the science or economics of an environmental issue, they framed it in terms of fairness and justice and giving citizens a say in the decisions that affected their health and quality of life. And, as the regulatory, political, and social landscape changed around them, they adapted their strategies in their efforts to continue to affect environmental decision making. Over time, they often connected their local interests and issues with more sophisticated, globalized understandings of the economic and political systems that under laid environmental issues. This study examines three case studies in the rural Great Plains, urban Southwest, and small-town Appalachia between 1970 and 2000 in an attempt to understand community-based environmental activism in the late twentieth century, how it related to the national environmental movement, the strategies local-level groups employed and when and why, the role of liberal democratic arguments in their work and in group identity formation, the limits of those arguments, and how the groups, their strategies, and the activists themselves changed overtime. These three groups were the Northern Plains Resource Council in Montana, Southwest Environmental Service in Southern Arizona, and Save Our Cumberland Mountains in Eastern Tennessee. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. History 2012

Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-09-20T12:23:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2441080 bytes, checksum: bca23b7cb116dfe209778204887ea0f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T12:23:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2441080 bytes, checksum: bca23b7cb116dfe209778204887ea0f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-30 / The purpose of this research is to first analyze the functions of verbal and non-verbal resources of the comic genre, and more specifically subtype, the strip in relation to reading comprehension and place the reading from the reading strategies in terms of Solé (1998) so that students can explore the linguistic resources that gender presents. It is a documentary research of qualitative and descriptive. During the Portuguese classes, which explored the comic genre which in turn covers the cartoon, the comic strip, the cartoon and comics students had great difficulty in interpreting them. From the difficulties presented by the students, came our interest in exploring better theme in order to overcome the difficulties presented, as well as explore more appropriately what the genre offers as a producer of text directions. The corpus consists of a draft drawn up activities with reference to the Common Curriculum Base (BCC - PE) for the Pernambuco School of Public Networks (2008), applied with 8th graders of elementary school II (2EF), a public school in Olinda-PE. The composite activities of ten (10) exercises involving the comic genre were applied by research professor with the students of the above mentioned class. Such activities were applied so that the first was compared to the past to check the advance in the development of students about this genre. Our results indicate that students are gradually advancing their knowledge comic genre. During this research we realized that the teacher wishing to explore the comic genre, in its Portuguese language classes, you need to know it well, about the risk of failing in this attempt, since it is the teacher's task in his class interpret it from your verbal and non-verbal wealth in this genre. However, based on what we indicate this search, this is not an easy task, the teacher needs to be prepared. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é primeiramente analisar as funções dos recursos verbais e não verbais do gênero quadrinhos, mais especificamente do seu subtipo, a tira, em relação à compreensão textual e situar a leitura a partir das estratégias de leitura nos termos de Solé (1998), para que os alunos possam explorar os recursos linguísticos que o gênero apresenta. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental de caráter qualitativo e descritivo. Durante as aulas de Língua Portuguesa, as quais explorava o gênero textual quadrinhos que por sua vez abrange o cartum, a tirinha, a charge e as histórias em quadrinhos os alunos apresentaram grandes dificuldades para interpretá-los. A partir das dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos, surgiu o nosso interesse em explorar melhor, tema a fim de suprir as dificuldades apresentadas, bem como explorar de forma mais apropriada o que o gênero oferece enquanto texto produtor de sentidos. O corpus é composto por uma proposta de atividades elaboradas tendo como referência a Base Curricular Comum (BCC – PE) para as Redes Públicas de Ensino de Pernambuco ( 2008 ), aplicadas com alunos do 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental II ( 2EF ), de uma escola pública em Olinda-PE. As atividades compostas de 10 (dez) exercícios envolvendo o gênero quadrinho foram aplicadas pelo professor pesquisador junto aos alunos da turma acima citada. Tais atividades foram aplicadas de maneira que a primeira fosse comparada com a últimas para verificar o avanço no desenvolvimento dos alunos acerca deste gênero. Nossos resultados indicam que os alunos estão avançando gradativamente seus conhecimentos acerca gênero quadrinho. Durante a realização desta pesquisa percebemos que o professor que deseje explorar o gênero quadrinhos, nas suas aulas de língua portuguesa, precisa conhecê-lo bem, sobre o risco de fracassar neste intento, uma vez que é tarefa do professor em sua aula interpretá-lo a partir da sua riqueza verbal e não verbal presente no gênero. Entretanto, baseado no que nos indicam os resultados desta pesquisa, isso não é uma tarefa tão fácil, o professor precisa estar preparado.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4826591 bytes, checksum: e6e04e044c68d4c03a9c4e303f7417fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We consider the classical version of the Heisenberg exchange model on the surface of a Möbius strip. Vortex- like excitations, carrying non-trivial charge (topological winding number), are shown to emerge as static solutions in the planar rotator regime. Besides such a charge, attention is also paid to discuss about its energetics. / O modelo de Heisenberg, descrevendo a interação de troca entre spins clássicos, é investigado na superfície da fita de Möbius. Excitações do tipo-vórtice, caracterizadas por cargas topológicas não-triviais, são estudadas como soluções estáticas no regime de rotor planar. Além da carga, discute- se também a energética associada a tal solução.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:06:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 matoso_ao_me_botfca.pdf: 1914821 bytes, checksum: 1854519368b8e789507b3b794c6c6914 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A consorciação de culturas, que consiste no cultivo de duas ou mais culturas em uma mesma área, pelo menos parte do ciclo, visa o melhor aproveitamento dos recursos disponíveis na propriedade e a minimização dos riscos de quebra de produtividade. O cultivo do milho em consórcio com o feijão-caupi, que é relativamente mais tolerante à seca, devido, principalmente, ao ciclo mais curto, pode ser uma opção interessante para o período de safrinha. Contudo, são escassos e inconsistentes os resultados de pesquisas sobre cultivo consorciado de cultivares de milho e feijão-caupi em faixas, especialmente nas regiões Centro- Oeste e Sudeste. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o monocultivo e o cultivo consorciado em faixas de diferentes cultivares de feijão-caupi com uma variedade e um híbrido simples de milho, em Dourados-MS e Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Para a cultura do feijão-caupi, foram considerados três sistemas de cultivo/cultivares de milho (consórcio com a variedade de milho (BR 473), consórcio com o híbrido de milho (BRS 1030 ou BRS 1010) e cultivo solteiro) nas parcelas e três cultivares de feijão-caupi (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera e BRS Xiquexique) nas subparcelas. Para a cultura do milho, foram utilizadas duas cultivares de milho (BR 473 e BRS 1030 ou BRS 1010) nas parcelas e quatro sistemas de cultivo/cultivares de feijão-caupi (consórcio com BRS Guariba, consórcio com BRS Novaera, consórcio com BRS Xiquexique e cultivo solteiro) nas subparcelas. O sistema de consórcio (cultivo em faixas) foi constituído pela intercalação de faixas constituídas de quatro fileiras de feijão-caupi com faixas de quatro fileiras de milho. Ambas as culturas foram semeadas no espaçamento de 0,50 m entre fileiras. No cultivo consorciado, cada unidade experimental foi constituída... / Intercropping, which consists on growing of two or more crops at the same area at least in part of the cycle, focuses on the best use of available resources on property and minimizing the risk of yield loss. Maize growth intercropped with cowpea, which is relatively more tolerant to drought, mainly due to the shorter cycle, can be an interesting option as off-season crop. However, there are few and inconsistent research results on intercropping maize with cowpea, especially in the Midwest and Southeast of Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the cowpea as monoculture, and intercropping different cultivars of cowpea with a variety and a single cross hybrid of maize, in Dourados-MS and Botucatu-SP. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with split-plots arrangement and four replications. For the cowpea crop, were considered three cropping systems/cultivars of maize (intercropped with maize variety (BR 473), intercropped with maize hybrid (BRS 1030 or 1010) and cowpea sole crop) in the plots, and three cowpea cultivars (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera and BRS Xiquexique) in the subplots. For the maize crop, were considered two maize cultivars (BRS 473 and BRS 1030 or BRS 1010) in the plots, and four cropping systems/cultivars of cowpea (intercropped with BRS Guariba, intercropped with BRS Novaera, intercropped with BRS Xiquexique and maize sole crop) in the subplots. Intercropping system was designed by intercalating strips constituted by four rows of cowpea with strips with four rows of maize. Both crops were sown at 0.50 m row spacing. In the intercropping system, each experimental unit consisted of eight rows with 6 m in length, in other words, four rows of maize and four rows of cowpea. In the sole crop, each experimental... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

As fontes hídricas disponíveis para o consumo humano vêm sendo comprometidas. Para resolver este problema, várias técnicas de detecção de contaminação fecal foram desenvolvidas. Em 1982, Manja e colegas desenvolveram método H2S que é simples, rápida e de baixo custo e detecta bactérias produtoras de H2S e, assim, a contaminação fecal. Neste trabalho foi analisada a eficácia de detecção de micro-organismos produtores de H2S frente a adição de L-cistina (125mg/L e 250mg/L) e desoxicolato de sódio (DS) (0,1% e 0,3%) e na presença de bactérias não produtoras de H2S para verificar se a presença destas bactérias interferem na detecção dos isolados H2S+. Assim, comparou-se o teste H2S com a membrana filtrante e o Colilert®. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que o meio H2S com adição de 0,3% de desoxicolato de sódio se mostrou mais rápido e sensível. Quando comparado com outras metodologias clássicas, o meio com 0,3% apresentou uma ligeira queda na sensibilidade mas o método H2S se mostrou mais sensível que o Colilert. / Water supply for human consumption have been compromised. Several detection methods for fecal contamination have been developed to solve this problem. Manja and co-workers (1982) developed a simple, fast and low-cost method for fecal contamination based on detection of sulfate-reducing bacteria, the H2S method. This work aimed to analyse the detection efficiency of the H2S method under different conditions: with L-cystine (125mg/L e 250mg/L) and sodium deoxycholate (0.1% e 0.3%). Also, non-sulfate-reducing bacteria interference were evaluated. Comparison tests were made through membrane filtration and Colilert®. Our results indicate a faster and more sensible for the 0.3% sodium deoxycholate condition. Compared to other classic methodologies, the 0.3% sodium deoxycholate condition slightly decrease the sensibility. However the H2S method was more sensitive than the Colilert one.

En dépit de ses succès, le modèle agricole fondé sur un recours massif aux intrants est mis à mal du fait de ses externalités négatives. L’agroécologie propose de substituer aux intrants le pilotage des processus écologiques naturels. La production cidricole est engagée dans cette démarche. Nous avons cherché à évaluer l’apport de deux types d’aménagements agro-écologiques : les haies et les mélanges fleuris. Nous avons caractérisé la faune entomologique présente dans 14 vergers cidricoles du nord-ouest de la France (Bretagne, Normandie) et son évolution au cours de la saison. L’analyse des données collectées a confirmé que les aménagements étaient attractifs pour les ennemis naturels des ravageurs des pommiers.L’étude des dynamiques d’abondance du puceron cendré (Dysaphis plantaginea) au cours de la saison permet de hiérarchiser les contributions des différents ennemis naturels à la régulation de ses populations et de montrer leur complémentarité temporelle. Les syrphes et les coccinelles jouent le rôle principal avec une action plus précoce des premiers. Le rôle favorable au puceron de la présence des fourmis est confirmé. Les mélanges fleuris réduisent les abondances du puceron et accroissent celles de la plupart des groupes d’ennemis naturels. Au contraire, la présence des haies est favorable au ravageur. Un dispositif d’exclusion des fourmis réduit significativement leurs abondances et celles des pucerons et augmente les abondances des syrphes et des coccinelles, confirmant l’effet délétère des fourmis sur les ennemis naturels. Enfin, le prototype d’un indicateur du / In spite of their successes, agricultural systems based on the massive use of inputs are questioned for their negative externalities. Agroecology offers to substitute inputs with natural ecological processes. Apple-cider production is engaged in the development of agroecology. Here, we aimed at assessing the benefits provided by two types of agroecological infrastructures: hedgerows and flower strips. We characterised the entomological fauna encountered in 14 cider-apple orchards in northwestern France (Bretagne, Normandy) and its evolution along the season. Data analysis confirmed agroecological infrastructure attractiveness to apple pest natural enemies. The observation of rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea) population dynamics allows hierarchizing the contributions of several natural enemies to pest control and demonstrates their temporal complementaritySyrphids and coccinellids are the most effective with the firsts being the most precocious. The beneficial role to aphids of ant presence is confirmed. Flower strips reduce aphid abundances and increase the abundances of most natural enemy groups. Conversely, hedgerows are favourable to the pest. An ant-excluding device reduces significantly ant and aphid abundances and increases syrphid and coccinellid abundances, confirming the deleterious effect of ants on natural enemies. Finally, a prototype of an indicator of biological control potential against D. plantaginea was designed.