The aim of this study is to describe and explain (individual level) public political participation, with particular focus on the significance of the local, geographical context. Studies of political participation have traditionally focused on individual level explanations. Here, however, the question of the significance of place, is also raised i.e. does place have an effect on the probability of the individual to take political action? Such causal relationships are known as contextual (or neighbourhood) effects. These occur when contextual factors affect individual behaviour so that it varies systematically between different contexts, even after controlling for individual level predictors. Although empirical research has been lacking, there is a widespread assumption that place of residence can have both positive and negative effects on outcomes at the level of the individual. This is the case especially with regard to urban residential segregation, which is believed to cause self-generating, negative effects on the political engagement of citizens. My line of argument is that contextual effects cannot be taken for granted; rather they must be tested empirically in a systematic way, using individual level data and appropriate techniques. Political participation is operationalised in terms of: voting in local elections, contacting local officials, and participating in manifestations. The local, geographical context is operationalised in two ways; as Swedish municipalities and as city districts. The latter is done using case studies of two Swedish cities; Umeå, a medium-sized town with moderate socioeconomic segregation, and Göteborg, a large city with extensive polarisation. Survey data is used and analysed by means of multilevel analysis, a technique developed especially for hierarchical data and contextual analysis of individual level outcomes. The results do not provide strong support for the hypothesis of contextual effects on public political participation. There are, in several cases, strong, bivariate relationships between socioeconomic composition and political participation at the aggregate level. However, this is not confirmed in analyses of individual level data. The variation between individuals residing in different places is significant in only one case; when the context is operationalised as municipalities and the dependent variable is participation in manifestations. This variation cannot, however, be explained neither by individual level SES/political engagement nor by socioeconomic composition at the municipal level. An analysis of crosslevel interactions shows that employed persons residing in affluent districts of Göteborg have a higher probability to vote and to participate in contacting than employed persons living in poor neighbourhoods. Similarly, individuals with an immigrant background living in affluent districts in Göteborg are more likely to vote than those living in poor areas. These results give some support for the hypothesis of contextual effects on political participation. However, as the number of observations in this particular analysis is very small, the results are not robust and, consequently, must be interpreted with caution. In order to identify relevant individual level predictors, the SES and CV-models are applied. The results indicate that socioeconomic variables such as employment status and education are important predictors of voting. However, when it comes to contacting officials and participating in manifestations, socio-political resources such as political engagement and organisational membership are better as predictors of political participation.

In the Sustainable Development Goal’s (SDG) decade of action, research from various disciplines focuses on the proper pattern of SDG implementation and the role of partnership to ensure balance between economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Yet, there is a lack of clarity in the empirical understanding of it. This thesis aims to unravel the potential of Triple Helix Model cooperation and the EU's Principle of Partnership in the multilevel governance system in Sweden for the proper realization of such goals. Relying on the perspectives of the Triple Helix Model and the EU's Principle of Partnership, the thesis examines potential synergies across SDGs, the pressing need for cooperation in multilevel governance systems, and meta-governance instrumental strategies for SDGs’ proper implementation. Moreover, it identifies partnership as innovative governance in SDG implementation. The study complements the existing body of knowledge and literature with relevant findings that reveal the proper functioning of implementing the SDGs. Firstly, the findings indicate interlinkages between the goals using triple helix model cooperation in the Vaxjo case. Triple Helix Model cooperation has proved to be soft governance for the SDGs' implementation. Secondly, the EU's Principle of Partnership in the multilevel governance system indicates potential challenges in harnessing synergies in implementing the SDGs. That the thesis finds these results in the case of Sweden, which is among the leading countries for SDG interaction, highlights the importance of effective cooperation at different levels of government to localize SDGs and ensure synergies. Lastly, this thesis highlights how important sub-national units are to the localization and realization of the SDGs. These findings suggest that the Triple Helix Model is a main driver of the achievement of SDGs in Sweden that may also be applicable in all countries with current triple helix model potential. However, the findings provide a new understanding of the importance of cooperation across different sectors and tiers of governance systems. The present study offers the first comprehensive assessment of cooperation in a multilevel governance system to implement SDG properly.