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Intertemporal Choice and Enrollment: Exploring the Influence of Latency on Enrollment Yield within the Recruitment FunnelGuzman, Gregory A. January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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'New departures' in infrastructure provision : an ongoing evolution away from physical assets to user needsAnsar, Atif January 2010 (has links)
Infrastructure—communications, energy, transport, waste, and water networks—is critical for economic activity and social well-being. Practitioners, politicians, and economists advocate high levels of investment in infrastructure under the rubric of 'planning for growth' (or the 'push' paradigm). This paradigm relies on complex public-private arrangements in the name of public interest. These seemingly reasonable arrangements are, however, not delivering their promise. Evidence shows that the needs of infrastructure users in rich and poor countries are not being met, many private providers of infrastructure earn rich returns, assets are rarely built in time or on budget, and there is tremendous waste in the operation of many infrastructure industries. No other sector could survive the profligacy and slack common in infrastructure. I distil the following primary propositions of the accepted wisdom, which is inspired by mainstream economics: First, infrastructure assets necessarily entail high sunk costs and large economies of scale. Consequently, assets last for very long periods of time, and they cannot be readily moved. Second, infrastructure outputs are homogeneous. Third, one network fits all users (large and small). Fourth, infrastructure users, even large ones, are likely to have weak bargaining power in procurement of infrastructure outputs. I challenge these four propositions of the conventional wisdom by putting forward alternative hypotheses. First, instead of being monolithic and costly, infrastructures can be assembled (and disassembled) as flexible modules for specific users in specific places. Drawing on option pricing theory in quantitative finance, I recast infrastructures as 'portfolios of real options'. Second, infrastructure outputs are, in fact, heterogeneous and differentiated services. Third, one infrastructure network cannot fit all users, either today or in the future. Users are remarkably heterogeneous, not only in terms of unique user preferences but also in terms of spatial location. Infrastructure networks need to evolve in tandem with user needs or risk spatial, temporal, and relational obsolescence. Finally, users, large and small, are adept at exerting strong bargaining power in procuring infrastructure both prior to and after rendering durable and immobile investments. Users also strategically deploy intermediaries, e.g. futures and Over-the-Counter (OTC) exchanges, and real estate developers, to negotiate private contracts for infrastructure services. These findings are supported by two case studies. The first case study details the process by which ThyssenKrupp, a large steel company, bargained for its infrastructure by locating to a manufacturing site in the U.S. The second case study focuses on residents of Lavasa, one of the largest property developments in India. Here, small users of infrastructure exert strong bargaining power with the aid of intermediaries—the real estate developer and the property asset manager. New departures in infrastructure provision are urgently needed at a practical level. Poor investments rendered today—particularly if costly, inflexible, and durable—will suffocate tomorrow’s possibilities. The spatial, temporal, and relational approach proposed in this dissertation begins to offer an alternative account of how tomorrow can be modularly shaped.
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The Influential Institutional Factors on Policy Design: The Case of Climate Change Adaptation Policy in Peru / Los condicionantes de la fase de diseño de políticas: el caso de la política de adaptación al cambio climático en el PerúValverde Valverde, Alejandra January 2014 (has links)
Identificar los factores que influyen (o afectan) en el proceso de diseño de una política pública permite un análisis más certero de cómo es la política y cuáles serán sus tendencias en las siguientes fases del ciclo de política. Así encontramos que, en el caso peruano, los factores influyen de modo tal que las políticas públicas responden más a la posibilidad de acción de las instituciones del Estado que a la demanda de una acción pública. A través del análisis de la fase de diseño de la Política de Adaptación al Cambio Climático en el Perú podemos reconocer la naturaleza del proceso de toma de decisiones del Ministerio del Ambiente sobre la base de las alternativas propuestas (o impuestas) por actores dentro del sistema político peruano. Estos actores (sociales, institucionales e internacionales) configuran un espacio donde las prio- ridades (aparentemente estables) del ministerio se van restableciendo para hacerse viables a las demandas recibidas por el sistema a costa de la calidad de la propia política pública.
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套票型式與消費者規範導向對轉換與續購行為之影響 / The Effects of Bundled Ticket Forms and Consumer Regulatory Focus on Switching and Repurchase Behavior邱亞康, Chiu ,Ya-Kang Unknown Date (has links)
本研究經由兩個系列的實驗設計以探討套票的使用行為與續購行為。其中,實驗一是以虛擬情境檢視套票型式影響消費者的使用意圖,並以受測者的規範導向做為調節變數;實驗二則更進一步地以較接近真實生活的情境來進行操弄,更明確地檢測了消費者對套票的實際使用情形以及續購行為,除仍以受測者的生理規範導向做為調節變數,另探討了套票持有的前期與後期對使用行為的調節效果。
實驗一的結果顯示透過不同套票類型所引發持有者沉入成本上的差異,可能導致受測者在套票的使用意願不同。具體來說,愈是能讓受測者感受到不使用便等同於虧損的套票,受測者的使用意願便會更高。此外,不同規範導向的受測者所重視的目標不同。積極導向動機較強的受測者,行為較易受到努力得到想要結果的動機驅策,所以比較在意結果是否能獲得之前欠缺的東西;反過來說,保守導向動機較強的受測者,行為較易受到努力保持現有結果的動機引導,所以比較在意結果是否會失去之前擁有的東西。以不同動機系統為主的不同類型受測者的行為會有很大的差異。積極導向者比較容易追尋更完美的結果,所以當競爭者推出可能是較佳的替代品時,轉換意願較高;至於保守導向者則較在意持有現有可接受的結果,所以發現可能是較佳的替代品時,則寧願使用手中持有的套票。
至於實驗二的結果則顯示受測者在套票持有的前期較易於使用套票,換言之,隨著套票持有的時間愈久,對未使用完畢套票的沉入成本感受會隨著時間降低,使用套票的可能性也就因此愈低。此外,不同的套票型式對保守導向者的影響比較大,對保守導向動機較強的受測者而言,若所持有的套票型式是較容易感受到當未使用套票時,就意謂著沉入成本無法回收時,使用套票的意願會較高。而當持有的型式是較不容易感受到套票成本的型式時,使用此套票的可能性就相對降低了。但是積極導向動機系統為主的受測者來說,套票的實體型式對使用行為的差異就不太明顯了。不同型式的套票,並不會對積極導向者產生太大使用行為上的差異。
若保守導向者持有的是較容易感受到此套票成本的型式時,在套票持有的前期與後期間的使用差距不太會有明顯的改變,也就是說,他們比較不會因為套票持有的時間較久就明顯地降低使用行為,但若持有的是比較不容易感受到成本的套票時,在套票持有的後期會比前期容易不去使用套票。至於對積極導向者來說,這項因為套票型式上的差別造成在持有套票的前期與後期使用套票上的變化就不太明顯,事實上,積極導向者無論持有何種型式的套票,在後期都會明顯的降低使用套票的行為。
當套票使用完畢後,原持有的是較不容易感受到成本的套票型式受測者,續購意願比較高。而原持有的是較容易感受到套票成本的型式時,相對上的續購意願會較低。這項影響僅對保守導向者有影響,至於對積極導向者來說,就沒有什麼明顯的差異。
研究的結果大致與研究假說一致,因此,對於理論與實務上亦據本研究的結論提一些的建議。
關鍵詞: 沉入成本效果、規範導向論、動機系統、價格組合、套票、認知評估論 / This study utilized two experimental designs in testing consumer behavior in the usage and repurchase of bundled tickets (price bundling). In the first experiment, a traditional context was employed by using respondent regulatory focus as the moderator to test the impact of bundled ticket types on consumer usage intention. In the second experiment, a more realistic context was employed to examine consumers’ real usage and repurchase behavior with the bundle. Here in addition to using respondents’ regulatory focus as pure-moderator, study two also included bundling quasi-moderator—possession phases.
The results of the first study showed that the difference in sunk cost effects caused by the two types of bundling would result in different bundling utilization intentions. Moreover, respondents within different motivation systems showed significantly different behavior patterns—promotion focus respondents were more likely to seek better gains, thus when competitors provided better alternatives, these respondents were more likely to make the switch. Prevention focus respondents, on the other hand, cared more about losses, making them more likely to remain with the original service provider.
The result of the second study showed that compared with the later phase, bundling usage propensity was higher in the earlier holding phase. Moreover, different forms of bundled tickets had different extent influences on prevention focus respondents. Prevention focus respondents held that separate types caused them to have higher intentions in using bundling, but they would be relatively less likely to use bundling when they were in possession of an integrated one. However, the effect of different types of bundling on the usage behavior of promotion focus respondents was not significant.
Among prevention focus respondents who were more sensitive to bundled ticket costs, there is no significant difference in their utilization of bundling from earlier to later phases. However, if the bundled tickets in possession were the integrated type, they were less likely to use the tickets in the later phase than in the earlier one. Regarding promotion focus respondents, the effect of bundled ticket form in the usage of said tickets in the two phases was not significant. In fact, no matter what form the bundling took, promotion focus respondents displayed significantly less use for the bundling in the later phase.
Bundling possession forms had the direct impact on repurchasing behavior. In this regard, respondents holding integrated bundling types displayed a higher incidence of repurchase behavior. This was, however, only effective when it came to prevention focus respondents; no significant difference was found regarding promotion focus respondents.
The results of this study yielded suggestions for both theoretical and practical areas.
Key Words: Sunk Cost Effect, Regulatory Focus Theory, Motivation Systems, Price Bundling, Bundled Ticket, Cognitive Evaluation Theory
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Hospic sv. Michaela / St. Michael's HospiceKrmaš, Jan January 2014 (has links)
The topic of the master thesis is new medico-social facility hospice St. Michaela. The purpose of the object is the maximizing of improvement in the quality of life of dying, severely ill and incurable patients, with the use of palliative care. The construction follows the Complex of Regional Hospital Náchod. Together with as a retirement home Náchod completes a support network of health and social care. The building is designed as a four-building storey and is partially embedded into the sloping terrain. Floors are divided into individual facilities and together constitute a functional unit. In the basement is the technical room, warehouses, garages and kitchen facilities. On the ground floor are then socio-public rooms and facilities. On the second floor is located hedmaster of hospice and accommodation area. The third floor is devoted to the accommodation area. The proposed structure made of brick longitudinal system, supplemented by concrete basement walls. The horizontal structure is made of filigree ceiling panels. Stairs are designed as a precast concrete and steel. Individual roof structures is made from unwalkable, walkable and vegetation compositions. The cladding consists of ventilated facade of glass and wooden panels. Foundations are designed from the lineal foundation.
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