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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Implementation of Superabsorbent Polymers for Internally Cured Concrete

Caitlin Jamie Adams (15300313) 17 April 2023 (has links)
<p>Hydrated portland cement provides the solid adhesive matrix necessary to bind aggregate (sand and gravel) into concrete. The hydration reaction requires water, however the products of the reaction limit further diffusion of water to unreacted cement. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) hydrogel particles absorb mixing water, then subsequently desorb when the relative humidity drops, serving as internal water reservoirs within the cement matrix to shorten diffusion distances and promote the hydration reaction in a process called internal curing. Internally cured cementitious mixtures exhibit an increased degree of hydration and reduced shrinkage and cracking, which can increase concrete service life. Increased service life can, in turn, reduce overall demand for portland cement production, thereby lowering CO2 emissions.</p> <p>This dissertation addresses practical implementation questions key to the translation of SAP hydrogel internal curing technology to from the benchtop to the field in transportation applications, including: (1) What effects do mix design adjustments made to increase mixture flow when using SAP have on cementitious mixture properties? and (2) What effect do cementitious binder characteristics have on SAP performance?</p> <p>The addition of SAP to a cementitious mixture changes the mixture’s flow behavior. Flow behavior is an important aspect of concrete workability and sufficient flow is necessary to place well consolidated and molded samples. Often, additional water is added to mixtures using SAP to account for the absorbed water, however cementitious mixture workability is often tuned using high range water reducing admixtures (e.g., polycarboxylate ester-based dispersants). Fresh and hardened properties of mortars were characterized with respect to flow modification method (using the mortar flow table test; compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days; flexural strength at 7 and 28 days; and microstructural characterization of 28-day mortars). At typical doses, it was found that the addition of extra water lowers the resulting compressive and flexural strength, while high range water reducing admixtures administered at doses to achieve sufficient mortar flow did not compromise compressive or flexural strength.</p> <p>The SAPs used in cement are generally poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) hydrogels and are not chemically inert in high ionic-load environments, such as cement mixtures. The behavior of an industrial SAP formulation with characterized across five different cement binder compositions with respect the cement hydration reaction (using isothermal calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis of hydration product fraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microstructural analysis), the absorption behavior of the SAP, and the fresh and hardened properties of SAP-cement composites (mortar flow and compressive and flexural strength). The change in properties induced by the addition of SAP was similar across ASTM Type I cements from three manufacturing sources, suggesting that SAP internal curing can be implemented predictably over time and geography. Excitingly, in analysis of cement systems meeting different ASTM standards (Type III and Type I with 30% replacement by mass with ground blast furnace slag), synergistic and mitigating reaction behaviors were observed, respectively, in Type III and slag cement, suggesting that further study of SAP with these cement systems could be of particular interest.</p>
32

Chloride penetration assessment on self-healing capability of conventional, high-performance, and ultra high-performance concrete

Doostkami, Hesam 02 September 2024 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] El hormigón, material de construcción fundamental en la ingeniería civil, ha sido muy estudiado para cuantificar y mejorar su resiliencia y vida útil. La exposi-ción prolongada a ciertas condiciones ambientales, y la carga mecánica en con-diciones de servicio, pueden resultar en la aparición de fisuras (< 0.4 mm), que no amenazan la integridad de la estructura, pero en algunos casos pueden redu-cir su durabilidad. En los últimos años, se han buscado nuevos enfoques para ob-tener la autosanación o autorreparación de fisuras en el hormigón. El hormigón autosanable se considera un enfoque prometedor para desarro-llar materiales de construcción duraderos y respetuosos con el medio ambiente. La autosanación en el hormigón implica la reducción de las fisuras, lo que reduci-ría las consecuencias negativas de su presencia. El hormigón tiene una capacidad inherente de autosanación, denominada sanación autógena, pero su capacidad es limitada. Se han investigado diversos enfoques para estimular la autosanación, incluida la introducción de productos innovadores dentro de la matriz del hor-migón o la mejora de sus capacidades inherentes. Esta tesis examina la capacidad de autosanado de varios tipos de hormigón, incluidos los convencionales, de altas prestaciones y de ultra altas prestaciones, y estudia y propone diferentes metodologías para evaluar y comparar hormigones con diferente comportamiento, como aquellos con tendencia a la multifisura-ción. Las metodologías realizadas son ensayos de cierre de fisuras, ensayos de permeabilidad y ensayos de penetración de cloruros. La tesis también examina la incorporación de diversos aditivos, como Aditivos Cristalinos, Polímeros Su-perabsorbentes, sepiolita, nanofibras de alúmina, nanocelulosa y bacterias, con el fin de estudiar su potencial mejora de la capacidad de autosanado. El objetivo de esta investigación surge de la necesidad de comprender me-jor los mecanismos de autosanado y su efecto en la durabilidad de las estructuras de hormigón. Esto incluye la evaluación y cuantificación del autosanado de dife-rentes hormigones, que sanaron en diferentes ambientes y condiciones de ini-ciación. Estos parámetros se eligen para proporcionar una evaluación integral de la respuesta del material. La aplicabilidad práctica de los resultados obtenidos se verifica en prototipos reducidos y a escala real, ampliando los experimentos más allá de las limitaciones del laboratorio y aumentando el nivel de madurez de la tecnología. Esta tesis proporciona un análisis amplio y en profundidad del hormigón au-tosanable. Los resultados obtenidos tienen el potencial no sólo de mejorar el conocimiento académico en el campo sino también de estimular mejoras en el diseño y la construcción de estructuras de hormigón duraderas y resilientes. / [CA] El formigó, un material de construcció fonamental a l'enginyeria civil, ha es-tat estudiat sovint per quantificar i millorar la seva resiliència i vida útil. L'exposi-ció perllongada a certes condicions ambientals, i la càrrega mecànica en condi-cions de servei, pot resultar en l'aparició de fisures (< 0.4 mm), que no suposen un perill per a la integritat de l'estructura, però que en alguns casos poden re-duir la seua durabilitat. En els últims anys, s'han buscat nous enfocs per obtenir l'autosanació o autoreparació de fissures al formigó. El formigó autosanable es considera un enfoc prometedor per desenvolupar materials de construcció duraders i respectuosos amb el medi ambient. L'auto-sanació al formigó implica la reducció de les fissures, cosa que reduiria les con-seqüències negatives de la seva presència. El formigó té una capacitat inherent d'autosanació, anomenada sanació autògena, però la seva capacitat és limitada. S'han investigat diversos enfocs per estimular l'autosanació, inclosa la introduc-ció de productes innovadors dins la matriu del formigó o la millora de les capaci-tats inherents. Aquesta tesi examina la capacitat d'autosanat de diversos tipus de formigó, inclosos els convencionals, d'altes prestacions i d'ultra altes prestacions, i estudia i proposa diferents metodologies per avaluar i comparar formigons amb com-portament diferent, com aquells amb tendència a la multifisuració. Les metodo-logies realitzades són assaigs de tancament de fissures, assaigs de permeabilitat i assaigs de penetració de clorurs. La tesi també examina la incorporació de diver-sos additius, com Additius Cristal·lins, Polímers Superabsorbents, sepiolita, nano-fibres d'alumini, nanocel·lulosa i bactèries, per tal d'estudiar la potencial millora de la capacitat d'autosanat. L'objectiu d'aquesta investigació sorgeix de la necessitat de comprendre mi-llor els mecanismes dautosanat i el seu efecte en la durabilitat de les estructures de formigó. Això inclou l'avaluació i la quantificació de l'autosanat de diferents formigons, que van curar-se en diferents ambients i condicions d'iniciació. Aquests paràmetres es trien per proporcionar una avaluació integral de la res-posta del material. L'aplicabilitat pràctica dels resultats obtinguts es verifica en prototips reduïts ia escala real, ampliant els experiments més enllà de les limita-cions del laboratori i augmentant el nivell de maduresa de la tecnologia. Aquesta tesi proporciona una anàlisi àmplia i en profunditat del formigó au-tosanable. Els resultats obtinguts tenen el potencial no només de millorar el coneixement acadèmic al camp sinó també d'estimular millores en el disseny i la construcció d'estructures de formigó duraderes i resilients. / [EN] Concrete, a primary construction material in civil engineering, has been fre-quently examined to quantify and improve its resilience and lifespan. Prolonged exposure to certain environmental conditions, as well as mechanical loading in service conditions, may result in the development of small cracks (< 0.4 mm), which do not threaten the safety of the structure but, in some cases, may reduce its durability. In the last few years, researchers have pursued novel approaches to obtain self-healing or self-repair of cracks in concrete. Self-healing concrete has emerged as a promising approach to developing durable and environmentally friendly construction materials. Self-healing in concrete involves the reduction of cracks, which would reduce the negative consequences of its presence. Concrete has an inherent self-healing capacity and autogenous healing, but its capability is limited. Diverse approaches have been investigated to stimulate self-healing, including introducing innovative products inside concrete matrix or improving its inherent abilities. The current thesis examines the self-healing capability of various concrete types, including conventional, high-performance, and ultra-high-performance concretes, and studies and proposes different methodologies for evaluating and comparing concretes with different behavior, such as those with the tendency to show multi-cracking. The methodologies performed are crack closing tests, permeability tests, and chloride penetration tests. The thesis also examines the incorporation of various additives, such as Crystalline Admixture, Superabsor-bent Polymers, sepiolite, alumina nano-fibers, nanocellulose, and bacteria, to study their potential enhancement of the self-healing capability. The purpose of this research comes from the need to comprehend the self-healing mechanisms and their influence on the durability of concrete structures. This includes the evaluation and quantification of the material's performance in different concretes that healed in different healing exposures and with different initiation conditions. These parameters are chosen to provide a comprehensive assessment of the material's performance. The practical applicability of the re-sults obtained is verified in reduced and full-scale prototypes, upgrading the experiments beyond the limitations of the laboratory and increasing the Tech-nology Readiness Level. This thesis provides a broad and in-depth analysis of self-healing concrete, ex-amining its potential. The findings cannot only enhance academic knowledge but also stimulate improvements in the design and construction of long-lasting and resilient concrete structures. / Doostkami, H. (2024). Chloride penetration assessment on self-healing capability of conventional, high-performance, and ultra high-performance concrete [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/207287 / Compendio

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