This thesis is focused on the study of the biological activity of superabsorbent polymers for environmental and agricultural applications. Generally these hydrogels perform many functions in the soil, which is increasingly stressed by treatment with synthetic fertilizers and thus loses their natural properties, such as the uptake of moisture. Addressing these issues is now in superabsorbent polymers that can absorb and also retain a lot of water around the root system as long as possible. They can perform the function of carriers gradual release fertilizer. Based on the literature review was designed and conducted the study of biological activity in the soil model on corn sown. SAPs were prepared in the framework of contract research Faculty of Chemistry of the Technical University in Brno with the company Amagro Ltd. The content of the experiment, the superabsorbent polymer, observing effects on the growth of dent corn. He was also studied root system for absorption of nutrients. Further changes were observed rheological properties of prepared superabsorbent polymer, superabsorbent polymers since they provide a source of nutrients and help to retain moisture in the soil, it is necessary to know their viskoelstick properties even at temperatures below freezing. This work is based primarily on the use of great motivation superabsorbent polymers in agriculture and also in environmental protection.