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Ressonância magnética nuclear em condutores superiônicos de estrutura fluorita. / Nuclear magnetic resonance in superionics conductors with fluorite-type structure.Souto, Sergio Paulo Amaral 17 January 1990 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram realizadas medidas dos tempos de relaxação nuclear do 19F, em três amostras ternárias, não estequiométricas e que apresentam estrutura fluorita. Na amostra Na0.4Y0.6F2.2 foram medidos o tempo de relaxação spin-spin (T2) em função da temperatura nas fases onde sua estrutura não é fluorita (600K à 900K), e o tempo de relaxação spin-rede (T1), no mesmo intervalo de temperaturas, nas freqüências de Larmor: 20.42 MHz e 34.24 MHz. Obtivemos para as medidas de T1, um comportamento similar ao observado em sistemas com dois sítios inequivalentes. Na amostra Pb0.84Bi0.16F2.16 foram feitas medidas de T2 no intervalo de temperaturas 300K à 830K, dentro de um ciclo térmico de aquecimento e resfriamento, afim de se obter a energia de formação de defeitos. Porém a diferença de energia obtida, de 0.08 eV entre a energia obtida durante o aquecimento e o resfriamento, parece estar associada a mudanças estruturais nos clusters. Na amostra K0.04Bi0.06 F2.2: 2% PbF2 foram realizadas medidas de T2 em um intervalo de temperatura de 300K a 800K, dentro de um ciclo térmico. Não se observou mudança na energia de ativação durante o ciclo. Mediu-se também, no mesmo intervalo de temperaturas, T1 nas freqüências de Larmor: 11.71 MHz, 20.42 MHz e 34.24 MHz. A análise das curvas de T1 parece indicar a existência de dois mecanismos de saltos no material. / The 19F NMR relaxation times T1 and T2 were measured is ternary and nonstoichiometric compounds with the fluorite-type structure. We have studied the Na0.4Y0.6F2.2 crystal in the temperature range 600K to 900K, where the crystal hás not the fluorite structure. The T1 values were measured in two Larmor frequencies: 20.42 MHz and 34.24 MHz. The results for T1 were seem to be qualitatively similar to those measured in the system with two inequivalent sublattices. The T2 measurement, in the Pb0.84Bi0.16F2.16 crystal, were made during temperature cycles in the range of 300K to 830K. The difference in activation energy between cooling and heating half cycles, found to be approximatly 0.08 eV, appear to be associated with the change in the clusters structure and not to the energy of defect formation. Finally, similar T2 measurements during the temperature cycling was made in K0.04Bi0.06 F2.2: 2% PbF2 crystal in the temperature range 300K to 800K, but in this case no difference in the cooling and heating results was observed. We also measured, in the same temperature range, the T1 relaxation time in 3 Larmor frequencies: 11.71 MHz, 20.42 MHz and 34.24 MHz. This results appear to indicate the existence of two hopping mechanism.
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Priemaišų įtaka feroelektrinių ir superjoninių kristalų dielektrinėms savybėms / Influence of impurities on dielectric properties of ferroelectric and superionic crystalsDžiaugys, Andrius 28 June 2011 (has links)
Šiai dienai ypač populiarūs ferroelektrikai susidedantys iš kelių feroiškai aktyvių subgardelių, kurių persitvarkymas fazinio virsmo temperatūroje atskleidžia naujų, dar neaprašytų reiškinių. Prie šių medžiagų priskiriami antiferoelektrikai, ferielektrikai ir multiferoikai. Šiame darbe buvo tiriama nauja medžiagų šeimos MNP2X6 (M = Cu, Ag; N=In, Cr, Bi; X=S, Se ), kurios pasižymi ferielektrinėmis bei multiferoinėmis savybėmis, ir kurių dielektrines ir elektrines savybes galima efektyviai keisti įvedant priemaišas. Minėtų medžiagų dielektrinės ir elektrinės savybės buvo tiriamos dielektrinės spektroskopijos metodais, kurie leidžia tirti kristalų kolektyvinius reiškinius susijusius su tvarkos – netvarkos bei poslinkio tipo faziniais virsmais, jonų migracija bei dipolių užšalimu (stiklėjimu) plačiame dažnių (10-5 Hz iki 3 GHz) bei temperatūrų (25 K iki 500 K) intervaluose. Įvedus 10% Ag jonų vietoj Cu jonų ferielektriniame kristale CuInP2S6 fazinio virsmo temperatūra pasislenka į žemesnias temperatūras, o padidinus indžio koncentraciją fazinio virsmo temperatūra pasislenka į aukštesnes temperatūras. Minėtų kristalų fazinių virsmų temperatūrų skirtumas 50 K. Sumaišius skirtingomis proporcijomis feroelektriką (CuInP2S6) su antiferoelektriku (CuCrP2S6) stebima dipolinio stiklo fazė. Iš dielektrinių matavimų stiklo fazėje buvo paskaičiuota relaksacijos trukmių pasiskirstymo funkcija, kurios aprašymas dvigubos potencialinės duobės modeliu leido susieti mikroskopinius kristalo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Nowadays the ferroelectrics containing of several feroically active sublattices are very attractive, because interactions between these sublattices can caused novel phenomena. Antiferroelectrics, ferrielectrics and multiferoics belong to these materials. In this work new crystalline materials MNP2X6 (M = Cu, Ag; N=In, Cr, Bi; X=S, Se) were investigated, which have ferrielectric and multiferoic properties. The dielectric and electric properties of above mentioned materials have been investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy methods, which allows to analyze the collective processes related to order – disorder and displacive phase transitions, ions migration and freezing of dipoles (glassy state) in wide temperature (25 K - 500 K) and frequency (10-5 HZ - 3 GHz) ranges. By substitution or doping it becomes possible to tailor the ferroelectric materials to different properties. In this work is determined that the substitution of 10% Cu ions by Ag ions shifts the phase transition temperature of CuInP2S6 crystal toward lower temperatures while the addition of In ions shifts the phase transitions temperature toward the higher ones. The phase transition temperature difference is about 50 K for mentioned crystals. If the ferroelectric crystal CuInP2S6 is mixed with the antiferroelectric CuCrP2S6 the dipole glass phase occupies the middle of the phase diagram. The distribution of relaxation times has been calculated from the broadband dielectric spectra of dipolar glasses. The... [to full text]
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Ressonância magnética nuclear em condutores superiônicos de estrutura fluorita. / Nuclear magnetic resonance in superionics conductors with fluorite-type structure.Sergio Paulo Amaral Souto 17 January 1990 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram realizadas medidas dos tempos de relaxação nuclear do 19F, em três amostras ternárias, não estequiométricas e que apresentam estrutura fluorita. Na amostra Na0.4Y0.6F2.2 foram medidos o tempo de relaxação spin-spin (T2) em função da temperatura nas fases onde sua estrutura não é fluorita (600K à 900K), e o tempo de relaxação spin-rede (T1), no mesmo intervalo de temperaturas, nas freqüências de Larmor: 20.42 MHz e 34.24 MHz. Obtivemos para as medidas de T1, um comportamento similar ao observado em sistemas com dois sítios inequivalentes. Na amostra Pb0.84Bi0.16F2.16 foram feitas medidas de T2 no intervalo de temperaturas 300K à 830K, dentro de um ciclo térmico de aquecimento e resfriamento, afim de se obter a energia de formação de defeitos. Porém a diferença de energia obtida, de 0.08 eV entre a energia obtida durante o aquecimento e o resfriamento, parece estar associada a mudanças estruturais nos clusters. Na amostra K0.04Bi0.06 F2.2: 2% PbF2 foram realizadas medidas de T2 em um intervalo de temperatura de 300K a 800K, dentro de um ciclo térmico. Não se observou mudança na energia de ativação durante o ciclo. Mediu-se também, no mesmo intervalo de temperaturas, T1 nas freqüências de Larmor: 11.71 MHz, 20.42 MHz e 34.24 MHz. A análise das curvas de T1 parece indicar a existência de dois mecanismos de saltos no material. / The 19F NMR relaxation times T1 and T2 were measured is ternary and nonstoichiometric compounds with the fluorite-type structure. We have studied the Na0.4Y0.6F2.2 crystal in the temperature range 600K to 900K, where the crystal hás not the fluorite structure. The T1 values were measured in two Larmor frequencies: 20.42 MHz and 34.24 MHz. The results for T1 were seem to be qualitatively similar to those measured in the system with two inequivalent sublattices. The T2 measurement, in the Pb0.84Bi0.16F2.16 crystal, were made during temperature cycles in the range of 300K to 830K. The difference in activation energy between cooling and heating half cycles, found to be approximatly 0.08 eV, appear to be associated with the change in the clusters structure and not to the energy of defect formation. Finally, similar T2 measurements during the temperature cycling was made in K0.04Bi0.06 F2.2: 2% PbF2 crystal in the temperature range 300K to 800K, but in this case no difference in the cooling and heating results was observed. We also measured, in the same temperature range, the T1 relaxation time in 3 Larmor frequencies: 11.71 MHz, 20.42 MHz and 34.24 MHz. This results appear to indicate the existence of two hopping mechanism.
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