Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-12-01T10:58:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Enilton Caiana dos Passos.pdf: 551394 bytes, checksum: 975751863fd137f5e304f6ba52f89cb3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-01T10:58:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Enilton Caiana dos Passos.pdf: 551394 bytes, checksum: 975751863fd137f5e304f6ba52f89cb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-08-02 / This treatise is concerned with question of superstition in Spinoza (1632-1677), it is inserted in the rationalistic context of the seventeenth century and extends to the political theological foundations of the same century. It is thus that Spinoza´s opus radically breaks with the theological-metaphysical tradition of Western culture founded upon a superstitious and delirious image of God. In respect to this problem, Spinoza establishes a very strict order, he sustains that Scripture has nothing rigorously in common with Philosophy and that Revelation has only obedience as its scope. Consequently, there is no relationship as well as any affinity between faith and science according to Spinozian thought. For Spinoza, the goal of Philosophy is truth, and in the case of faith, specifically, obedience. In conclusion, Spinoza the philosopher, points out that liberty of thought cannot be threatened without also threatening the freedom of the State since the renunciation of liberty of thought would entail reductio ad absurdum of one´s nature. / Esta dissertação se ocupa da questão da superstição em Espinosa (1632- 1677), cuja abordagem se insere no contexto racionalista do século XVII e se estende aos fundamentos teológicos da política seiscentista. Deste modo, o opus espinosano rompe radicalmente com a tradição teológico-metafísica da cultura Ocidental, fundada numa imagem supersticiosa e delirante de Deus. A respeito desta problemática, Espinosa estabelece uma ordem bem estrita, sustentando que a Escritura não tem rigorosamente nada em comum com a filosofia e que o conhecimento revelado só tem por escopo a obediência. Conseqüentemente, entre saber e fé não há, segundo o pensamento espinosano, nenhuma relação e nenhuma afinidade. Para ele, o objetivo da filosofia é a verdade, e o da fé é exatamente a obediência. Por fim, o filósofo Espinosa aponta que a liberdade de pensar não pode ser ameaçada sem que a liberdade do Estado também o seja, visto que renunciar à liberdade de pensar levaria ao absurdo de renunciar a sua natureza.

A questionnaire was administered to fourth grade, seventh grade, and high school students in Marion, Indiana to attempt to determine the following: 1) To what extent will grade levels that appear to be highly superstitious show favorable response to questions concerning their feelings toward the natural environment or nature-related activities? 2) To what extent will grade levels that appear to have little or no belief in superstitions show favorable response to questions concerning their feelings toward the natural environment or nature-related activities? 3) To what extent will the superstitiousness of any particular school grade level(s) differ from the superstitiousness of any other school grade levels used in this study? Results of this research indicate that the fourth grade students surveyed differed significantly from students of the seventh and tenth-twelfth grade levels in both superstitiousness and in their feelings toward the natural environment. Fourth grade students were found to be more superstitious about nature and have more negative feelings toward the natural environment than either of the other experimental groups studied. It was further found that with fourth grade students a negative correlation exists between superstitiousness and feelings toward the natural environment.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

L'ambiguïté est la principale caractéristique de la littérature fantastique. Cette ambiguïté occupe donc une place prépondérante dans les théories du fantastique. Mais, la question est de savoir s'il existe un seul type d'ambiguïté. Afin de répondre à cette interrogation, nous avons choisi d'analyser trois nouvelles de Théophile Gautier: « La Morte amoureuse » (1836), « Le pied de momie » (1840) et « Jettatura » (1856). Ces récits se sont avérés un exemple de choix pour l'étude de l'ambiguïté parce qu'ils présentent cette dernière de deux manières différentes: d'une part, à travers le rapport que le rêve entretient avec la réalité et d'autre part, à travers celui que la superstition pourrait avoir avec le rationalisme. Ainsi avons-nous focalisé notre attention dans le premier chapitre sur les définitions du fantastique et sur la genèse de ce genre littéraire afin de rendre compte de son aspect insaisissable. Dès lors, nous avons pu relever deux types d'ambiguïtés: celle qui se rapporte au récit (l'objet du récit, les personnages et le cadre spatio-temporel) et celle qui concerne l'attitude du lecteur qui demeure partagé entre la croyance et le doute. Pour sa part, le deuxième chapitre a été consacré à l'étude de « La Morte amoureuse » et du « Pied de momie ». Cette analyse nous a permis de distinguer l'ambiguïté narrative disjonctive de l'ambiguïté narrative polysémique. Par ailleurs, en abordant le thème de la superstition dans « Jettatura », nous avons souligné l'opposition existant entre le regard funeste du protagoniste et le regard créateur de l'auteur pour démontrer que la mise en abîme de la peinture dans la littérature pouvait être employée comme un procédé de l'ambiguïté. De ce fait, grâce à l'étude des récits gautiéristes, nous sommes parvenus à prouver qu'il y avait plusieurs types d'ambiguïtés: les ambiguïtés narratives et verbales, les ambiguïtés disjonctives et polysémiques. Pourtant, au cours de notre recherche, nous n'avons évoqué que les ambiguïtés narratives. Cette étude est donc loin d'être exhaustive, elle contribue quand même à mieux comprendre la littérature fantastique puisqu'elle permet de mettre au jour la difficulté à cerner le monde réel. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Théophile Gautier, Littérature fantastique, «La Morte amoureuse », « Le pied de momie », « Jettatura », Rêve, Réalité, Rationalisme, Superstition, Ambiguïté narrative disjonctive, Ambiguïté narrative polysémique.

Malgré l'attention accordée à la mort par les historiens du culturel, l'histoire des revenants a suscité peu d'intérêt. Notre démarche vise à alimenter la connaissance sur cette dimension en tentant de comprendre la croyance aux revenants à l'époque des Lumières, mais plus particulièrement les mécanismes de la croyance qui sont à l'oeuvre dans une affaire bien particulière. Notre dossier met en scène un prêtre qui est accusé d'avoir profité de la crédulité des gens du peuple: à la condition de dire des messes à leur intention, le prêtre Robert Pons certifiait que des agonisants consentent à revenir sur terre une fois morts pour indiquer l'emplacement de trésors. L'affaire, qui prend place à Paris, a été jugée par trois instances judiciaires, l'Officialité, le Châtelet et le Parlement de Paris. Notre propos se concentrera principalement sur le procès mené au Châtelet. Étant donné la complexité du concept de croyance, nous n'avons pas la prétention de repenser la façon de concevoir ce champ d'étude. Cependant, en s'appuyant sur l'historiographie récente en lien avec le processus d'acculturation, nous serons amenés à mettre de l'avant un concept où la flexibilité est de mise, c'est-à-dire que la croyance serait pensée en terme de rationalité, d'échanges et d'hétérogénéité. Par le fait même, notre démarche se propose de repenser le processus d'acculturation à la lumière des mêmes variables évoquées pour cerner le concept de croyance. Afin de mettre à l'épreuve nos thèses, notre propos s'articule autour de trois groupes: les gens du peuple, le prêtre Robert Pons et les magistrats. Une analyse approfondie des interrogatoires révèle que les croyances constituent un univers très complexe puisqu'une logique en paliers est nécessaire pour comprendre les multiples subtilités qui caractérisent l'univers mental des différents groupes. Lorsque nous esquissons la conception de la mort et de l'au-delà de nos protagonistes en fonction de leur groupe d'appartenance, des points de jonction peuvent être établis non seulement au sein d'un même groupe, mais aussi entre les différents groupes. Pour les magistrats, la croyance aux revenants peut sembler inconcevable. Or, en faisant appel au modèle explicatif de Michel de Certeau, nous sommes en mesure de constater que les croyances des gens du peuple et de Pons sont loin d'être irrationnelles. Notre démarche est complétée par une étude du discours des magistrats; en comprenant pourquoi les magistrats ne croient pas à l'affaire des revenants, nous sommes en mesure de confirmer les mécanismes qui génèrent une croyance. Encore une fois, le modèle explicatif de Certeau s'avère précieux et, par ricochet, permet d'introduire une nuance intéressante, à savoir que ce n'est pas parce que les magistrats ne croient pas aux revenants qu'ils rejettent nécessairement toute forme de surnaturel. En vertu des observations relevées dans notre démarche, il est inconcevable de penser l'acculturation comme un processus qui s'abat uniformément sur les masses. D'ailleurs, la figure de Robert Pons constitue une preuve éloquente selon laquelle ce processus est complexe, car, au lieu de maintenir les gens du peuple à l'écart des superstitions comme l'idéal tridentin l'impose, il alimente plutôt les croyances superstitieuses. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Revenants, Croyances, Superstitions, Crédulité, Justice, Paris, XVIIIe siècle.

This dissertation examines uncertainties about the supernatural among members of the urban middle class in Tehran, Iran. In particular, I attend to the ways in which the category of the supernatural (mavara) has become, for some people, an object of potential scientific (`elmi) inquiry that must be distinguished from approaches usually ascribed to the rural, the uneducated, and the poor, often deemed as either superstitions (khorafat) or parochically religious (dini). By examining a range of encounters with the supernatural - such as attempts to explain communications with the souls of the dead, make sense of spirit possession, and differentiate real magic from charlatanism - I highlight the varied modalities through which perspectives and forms of reasoning imagined to be rational and scientific are brought to bear on matters that are understood to lie, at least partially, within the purview of religious knowledge. I situate such supernatural encounters against a backdrop of state disciplinary and coercive measures, thereby illuminating important shifts in Iran's politico-religious landscape in the past two decades, such as the waning of the religious authority of the Shi`i ulama among certain sections of society. This declining authority does not necessarily imply a weakened interest in Islam (although this is sometimes the case). Rather, it has opened up a space for reception and deliberation of a multiplicity of sources of religious knowledge, both Islamic and non-Islamic. These include forms of Western-imported spirituality and occultism that have been entering Iran for over a century, with their most recent wave consisting of translated texts of New Age spirituality, self-help success literature, and popular psychology that have gained popularity since the end of the war with Iraq. The metaphysical models on offer through these spiritual systems are usually promoted and understood as scientific rather than religious. That is, rather than being seen as contradicting Islamic notions, these formulations are often viewed as parallel to them. By attending to such notions and their everyday manifestations, my project brings into focus various hybrid forms of religious-scientific knowledge, experience, and discourse that have largely been ignored in the study of modern Muslim societies.

No description available.

This investigation examined the relationship between the superstition endorsement and pre-game anxiety among male and female soccer players at various levels of soccer play. The sample consisted of one hundred-and-one elite soccer players at professional, university, and under 15 year levels. A Soccer Behavior, Beliefs, and Preferences Questionnaire, developed by the investigator, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (Martens et al., 1990) were used to assess respectively soccer superstitions and pre-game anxiety. Pearson Correlations, ANOVAs, and t-tests were computed to test the study's hypotheses. A significant relationship was not found between superstition endorsement and pre-game anxiety for the group sampled. Superstitious practices were found to be significantly negatively related to age (r = -.23), teenagers being significantly higher in superstition scores than both professional and varsity groups (H(2,98) = 6.72, p < .05). Although superstition endorsement was not different between the genders at the same levels of play, both under 15 boys and girls were more superstitious than university women. Professional players exhibited significantly more state self-confidence than the teenage group (t(66) = 2.03, p < .05). The under 15 boys were significantly more cognitively anxious than the professional athletes (T(45) = -2.52, p < .05). At these levels of play, superstitious behavior was not in general related in males or females to pre-game anxiety.

No description available.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-17T18:02:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 analuisamoraisbarbosa.pdf: 1158388 bytes, checksum: 80b0e4130b4708481c7e279ce8a09e2e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-18T12:16:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 analuisamoraisbarbosa.pdf: 1158388 bytes, checksum: 80b0e4130b4708481c7e279ce8a09e2e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-18T12:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 analuisamoraisbarbosa.pdf: 1158388 bytes, checksum: 80b0e4130b4708481c7e279ce8a09e2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-14 / A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo analisar a religiosidade popular brasileira a partir das reflexões de Luís da Câmara Cascudo sobre a superstição. Com a análise do livro Religião no Povo (1974), principalmente, pretende-se compreender como a lógica da superstição se faz presente e, ao mesmo tempo, consiste na unidade caracterizadora das diversas religiosidades existentes desde a formação do Brasil como colônia de Portugal. Para isso, buscou-se analisar a concepção do termo “teologia popular”, proposto por Câmara Cascudo, vinculado às suas noções da superstição. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica serão retomados fatos históricos do início do processo de colonização e da consequente implantação da Igreja Católica no Brasil. Para tal, diversos autores responsáveis, principalmente, pelo estudo da Teologia da Cristandade, foram utilizados. Fundamental se faz para este estudo, então, a análise da lógica responsável por manter a peculiaridade do comportamento religioso do povo brasileiro que se desenvolveu mediante e paralelo às oficializações propostas pela Igreja Católica. / The aim of this thesis is to analyse the Brazilian popular religiosity according to Luís da Câmara Cascudo’s reflections about superstition. From the analysis of the book Religion in People (1974), mainly, it is intended to understand how the logic of superstition is present and, at the same time, how it is the characterizing unit of all existing religiousness since Brazil’s formation as a colony of Portugal. In order to do that, the conception of the term “popular teology”, proposed by Câmara Cascudo, was analysed and linked to his notions of superstition. Historical facts from the beginning of the colonization process and the subsequent implementation of the Catholic Church in Brazil will be resumed through a literature review. To this end, several authors, responsible mainly for Christianity theology study, were used. It is crucial for this study the analysis of the logic responsible for maintaining the peculiarity of Brazilian people’s religious behavior, which was developed by and parallel to the recognitions of the Catholic Church.

This dissertation can be summarized as follows: ethnocentrism occurs because there is a lack of insight to the fact that religion is socially taught. Ethnocentrism should not be enforced on our understanding of other cultures. A comparative study was done between African witchcraft and the Greek evil eye to see if these two cultures still believe in what Westerners term superstitions, due to similar reasons. The study illustrated that these cultures still believe in these so-called superstitions because similar reasons. The study also showed that both these cultures experienced ethnocentrism from Western scholars’ who believe that the practice of witchcraft and the evil are primitive superstitions instead of a different reality to the their own. Greeks and Africans are socially taught to believe in the evil eye and witchcraft respectively. For the Greek people Satan is a real being, with supernatural powers, which can influence the ability of some people to cause malicious harm to other people by looking at them with an evil eye. Such maliciousness is despised and Greek people neither want to have the evil eye put on them or their families, nor do they want to be accused of putting the evil eye on others. The evil eye controls the social interaction of people’s behaviour, making people suspicious of one another. For African people witchcraft and the demonic are a reality that threatens their daily lives. African people live in constant fear of being bewitched. If an African person identifies the person who has bewitched them or their family they may take violent revenge on the accused witch, sometimes leading to the witches’ death. Witchcraft controls the social interaction of peoples’ behaviour, making people suspicious of one another. What some Western scholars fail to realize is that Westerners are socially taught to believe that the evil eye and witchcraft are superstitions. Westerners are socially taught to believe in Satan as a symbol of evil, rather than as an actual being. In the West it is considered primitive to believe in so-called superstitions of any kind as it is believed that what causes these so-called superstitions is a lack of modern (education) medicine. Westerners prefer to solve what some would call the supernatural by looking to science for logical explanations for such occurrences. / Dissertation (MA(Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Practical Theology / Unrestricted