Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-04T18:50:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fernando Lima Aires Gon?alves.pdf: 4917479 bytes, checksum: d7c7e6d879e9495bcc0db5d59f03c813 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T18:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fernando Lima Aires Gon?alves.pdf: 4917479 bytes, checksum: d7c7e6d879e9495bcc0db5d59f03c813 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Three studies were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of seedling crowning using cardboard in reforestation with arboreal species of the Atlantic. The first study aimed to test the effect of the crowning with cardboard on the growth of Atlantic Forest species planted in a pasture area with dominance of Andropogon bicornis. The experimental design was randomized blocks with two treatments and 12 repetitions. Treatments consisted of crowning with cardboard or crowning with hoe applied to 11 tree species. We evaluated the growth of plants by measuring the height (H) and diameter of the collar height (DAC) at 6, 12 and 18 months after planting beyond survival rate. It was also carried out an assessment of the costs of each treatment. The results showed that the board did not interfere significantly in any forest species assessed. However, the survival rate was higher in the treatment crown of cardboard (80.7%) compared to the capping treatment with hoe (73.1%). In the economic aspect, the crowning with cardboard obtained material cost and labor up to 50% lower than the crowning with hoe. In the second study we evaluated the crowning efficiency with cardboard in the suppression of four species of grasses commonly found in forest areas in the Atlantic Forest. Four experiments were set up in places with dominant species A. bicornis, Urochloa decumbens, Urochloa umidicola and Panicum maximum. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications. The treatments were the culmination of cardboard and without crowning. The cardboard efficiency was monitored by sampling the total biomass and the level of senescence of grasses in the area crowned. The cardboard was efficient in suppressing the four species of grasses evaluated, because after the evaluation period (100- 170 days) had hardly live plant material in the field of crowns. In the third study was rated as the crowning with cardboard influences the temperature and moisture in the surface layers in the soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four treatments and eight repetitions. The treatments were 1 - crown with cardboard (cardboard disposed directly on the braqui?ria); 2 - no crowning; 3 - with cardboard crown after crown with hoe (willing cardboard on the exposed soil); 4 - crowning with hoe. The moisture in the layers from 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm of soil, and the temperature in the layers 0 and 2,5 cm, 2.5 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm of the soil were monitored during periods 19 and subsequent 7 days, respectively, at a rain simulation 130 mm for 24 hours and natural rainfall of 133 mm for 13 days. The results indicated that treatment 1 (crowning with cardboard) decreased soil drying speed while maintaining higher water content in the crown area compared to the other treatments. Both capping treatments showed cardboard soil temperature in the region of the crown to 8.5?C lower than the capping treatment with cardboard. The set of results of the three studies demonstrate that the use of the capping technique with cardboard in reforestation deployment can significantly reduce operating costs after planting, either by reducing hand labor used in capping operations, as the lower need for seedlings for replanting. / Foram conduzidos tr?s estudos objetivando avaliar a efici?ncia do coroamento de mudas com papel?o em reflorestamentos com esp?cies arb?reas da Mata Atl?ntica. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo testar o efeito do coroamento com papel?o sobre o crescimento de esp?cies da Mata Atl?ntica plantadas em uma ?rea de pastagem com domin?ncia de Andropogon bicornis. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com dois tratamentos e 12 repeti??es. Os tratamentos consistiram de coroamento com papel?o ou coroamento com enxada aplicados a 11 esp?cies arb?reas. Avaliou-se o crescimento das plantas atrav?s da mensura??o da altura (H) e di?metro a altura do coleto (DAC) aos 6, 12 e 18 meses ap?s o plantio al?m da taxa de sobreviv?ncia. Tamb?m foi realizada uma avalia??o dos custos de cada tratamento. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que o papel?o n?o interferiu de maneira significativa em nenhuma esp?cie florestal avaliada. Entretanto, a taxa de sobreviv?ncia foi maior no tratamento de coroamento com papel?o (80,7%) comparado ao tratamento de coroamento com enxada (73,1%). No aspecto econ?mico, o coroamento com papel?o obteve custo de material e m?o de obra at? 50% inferior ao do coroamento com enxada. No segundo estudo avaliou-se a efici?ncia do coroamento com papel?o na supress?o de quatro esp?cies de gram?neas forrageiras comumente encontradas em ?reas de reflorestamento no bioma Mata Atl?ntica. Foram montados quatro experimentos em s?tios com domin?ncia das esp?cies A. bicornis, Urochloa decumbens, Urochloa umidicola e Panicum maximum. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram o coroamento com papel?o e sem coroamento. A efici?ncia do papel?o foi monitorada atrav?s de coletas da biomassa total e do n?vel de senesc?ncia das gram?neas na ?rea coroada. O papel?o se mostrou eficiente na supress?o das quatro esp?cies de gram?neas avaliadas, pois ap?s o per?odo de avalia??o (100 a 170 dias) praticamente n?o havia material vegetal vivo na ?rea das coroas. No terceiro estudo foi avaliado como o coroamento com papel?o influencia na temperatura e umidade nas camadas superficiais no solo. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e oito repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram 1 ? coroamento com papel?o (papel?o disposto diretamente sobre a braqui?ria); 2 ? sem coroamento; 3 ? coroamento com papel?o ap?s coroamento com enxada (papel?o disposto sobre o solo exposto); 4 ? coroamento com enxada. A umidade, nas camadas de 0 a 5 cm e 5 a 10 cm do solo, e a temperatura, nas camadas de 0 a 2,5 cm, 2,5 a 5 cm e 5 a 10 cm do solo, foram monitorados durante per?odos de 19 e 7 dias subsequentes, respectivamente, a uma simula??o de chuva de 130 mm durante 24 hs e a chuvas naturais de 133 mm durante 13 dias. Os resultados indicaram que o tratamento 1 (coroamento com papel?o) diminuiu a velocidade de ressecamento do solo, mantendo maior teor de ?gua na ?rea da coroa em compara??o aos demais tratamentos. Ambos os tratamentos de coroamento com papel?o apresentaram temperatura do solo na regi?o da coroa at? 8,5?C menor do que no tratamento de coroamento com papel?o. O conjunto de resultados dos tr?s estudos realizados demonstram que o uso da t?cnica de coroamento com papel?o na implanta??o de reflorestamentos pode reduzir significativamente os custos operacionais ap?s o plantio, tanto pela redu??o de m?o-de-obra empregada em opera??es de coroamento, quanto pela menor necessidade de replantio de mudas.