Cette thèse porte sur les architectures d’émission pour des terminaux mobiles multi-radio fonctionnant dans la bande de fréquences, 800 MHz - 6 GHz. Avec l’évolution constante des systèmes de communication, les terminaux doivent fonctionner dans plusieurs bandes de fréquences et modes, correspondant à une grande diversité de normes. Le concept d’une architecture multi-radio unique est une évolution de celui de l’émetteur-récepteur multistandard, caractérisé par une mise en parallèle des circuits pour chaque standard. Il permet alors d’optimiser coût et consommation. L’objet de l’étude est de concevoir des architectures d’émission flexibles, à la fois en fréquence et en format de modulation, capables de générer les formes d’ondes de tous les standards en respectant pour chacun le niveau de puissance en sortie et assurant un bon rendement. Ce type d’architectures pourrait, dans l’avenir, être utilisé pour des applications de radio cognitive. L’amplificateur de puissance est l’élément critique dans les émetteurs. Le principe de fonctionnement des amplificateurs impose un compromis entre la linéarité et le rendement en puissance. L’utilisation des amplificateurs en classes commutées permet d’améliorer les performances en rendement mais nécessite de revoir complètement les architectures classiques d’émission. Dans ce contexte, plusieurs architectures qui transforment les signaux avant l’amplificateur et qui peuvent être utilisées pour la multi-radio ont été considérées. Trois, en particulier, ont été analysées et comparées ; à savoir : l’architecture polaire avec codeur d’enveloppe sigma-delta, l’architecture polaire avec codeur d’enveloppe par largeur d’impulsion et l’architecture cartésienne sigma-delta. La validation a été faite sur les signaux les plus critiques en matière de dynamique de puissance et de bande passante, que sont les signaux LTE et WiMAX mobile. En sortie de l’amplificateur, le filtrage d’émission joue un rôle décisif et plusieurs technologies de filtrage sont envisageables. Dans ce cadre, on s’est plus particulièrement intéressé à la technologie BAW (Bulk Acoustic Wave) et un banc de filtres multi-radio a été synthétisé. Cette thèse a donc permis de chiffrer les performances clés d’un émetteur multi-radio à haut rendement en analysant du traitement en bande de base jusqu’au filtrage d’antenne / This research deals with wireless multi-radio transmitter architectures operating in the frequency band of 800 MHz – 6GHz. As a consequence of the constant evolution in the communication systems, the mobile transmitters must be able to operate at different frequency bands and modes according to existing standards specifications. The concept of a unique multi-radio architecture is an evolution of the multi-standard transceiver characterized by a parallelization of circuits for each standard. Multi-radio concept optimizes surface and power consumption. This study concentrates on flexible multi-radio architectures. This kind of architectures could be used in the future for cognitive radio applications. The power amplifier (PA) is the key element in transmitter architectures. Its operating principle establishes a trade-off between power efficiency and linearity. The utilization of a switched mode amplifier allows improving efficiency performances but implies a review of the classical transmitter architectures. Within this context, some architectures transforming the input signal of the PA and that are candidates for multi-radio applications are considered. In particular, three architectures have been analyzed and compared: the polar architecture with sigma-delta envelope modulator, the polar architecture with pulse width modulator and the cartesian sigma delta architecture. Validation is accomplished with the most critical signals in terms of power dynamics and frequency bandwidth; these are the LTE and mobile WiMAX. At the amplifier output, the band-pass filter plays a key role and many filtering technologies could be envisaged. In particular, we are interested in the BAW technology (Bulk Acoustic Wave) and a filter bank has been synthesized. This research has quantified the key performances of a high efficiency multi-radio transmitter by analyzing the system from baseband signal treatment to RF filtering before the antenna

This thesis describes the analysis, design and implementation of a high performance DSP-based servo drive for a limited-angle torque motor used in thermal imaging applications. A limited-angle torque motor is an electromagnetic actuator based on the Laws' relay principle, and in the present application the rotation required was from - 10° to + 10° in 16 ms, with a flyback period of 4 ms. To ensure good quality picture reproduction, an exceptionally high linearity of ±0.02 ° was necessary throughout the forward sweep. In addition, the drive voltage to the exciting winding of the motor should be less than the +35 V ceiling of the drive amplifier. A research survey shows that little literature was available, probably due to the commercial sensitivity of many of the applications for torque motors. A detailed mathematical model of the motor drive, including high-order linear dynamics and the significant nonlinear characteristics, was developed to provide an insight into the overall system behaviour. The proposed control scheme uses a multicompensator, multi-loop linear controller, to reshape substantially the motor response characteristic, with a non-linear adaptive gain-scheduled controller to compensate effectively for the nonlinear variations of the motor parameters. The scheme demonstrates that a demanding nonlinear control system may be conveniently analysed and synthesised using frequency-domain methods, and that the design techniques may be reliably applied to similar electro-mechanical systems required to track a repetitive waveform. A prototype drive system was designed, constructed and tested during the course of the research. The drive system comprises a DSP-based digital controller, a linear power amplifier and the feedback signal conditioning circuit necessary for the closed-loop control. A switch-mode amplifier was also built, evaluated and compared with the linear amplifier. It was shown that the overall performance of the linear amplifier was superior to that of the switch-mode amplifier for the present application. The control software was developed using the structured programming method, with the continuous controller converted to digital form using the bilinear transform. The 6- operator was used rather than the z-operator, since it is more advantageous for high speed sampling systems. The gain-scheduled control was implemented by developing a schedule table, which is controlled by the DSP program to update continuously the controller parameters in synchronism with the periodic scanning of the motor. The experimental results show excellent agreement with the simulated results, with linearity of ±0.05 ° achieved throughout the forward sweep. Although this did not quite meet the very demanding specifications due to the limitations of the experimental drive system, it clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. The discrepancies between simulated and experimental results are analyzed and discussed, the control design method is reviewed, and detailed suggestions are presented for further work which may improve the drive performance.