No description available.

Diplomová práce se zabývá výzkumem symboliky v reklamě z pohledu spotřebitelů. Jako nástroje marketingového výzkumu je použito dotazníkového šetření. Ve druhé části je provedena obsahová analýza placené inzerce časopisů National Geographic a Elle. V závěrečné fázi jsou tato dvě šetření navzájem konfrontována a jsou mezi nimi hledány případné souvislosti.

In this thesis I inquire into the nature and possibilities of happenings as they were practiced in the years 2010–2014 especially by political activists, who regard them as an attractive means of drawing attention to various issues. I designate these types of happenings as political happenings, analysing and interpreting their nature with the help of examples taken from my own experience. What I see as most important is the attitude to happenings, which should be based in intention and play, as opposed to being solely guided by purpose. I consider purpose as a rational con-struct, a firm point outside the happening as such, which takes one’s mind off the event itself and tends to turn it into propaganda. For this reason I recommend to take purposes only as reference points, focusing instead on the event itself. This can be greatly facilitated by play, which frees us from the pursuit of external aims, allowing us to abide in the situation here and now. In this way both the activist and the spectator are given the opportunity to step back, gain ease, and to liberate themselves from the all too binding feeling of responsibility for the result. Of course, one cannot stay content with play, for to do so would be to turn the happening into an aimless practical joke with no proper form, and thus with little appeal. Instead, the happen-ing needs to be guided by the activist’s intention which mediates between purpose and play. Intention is a process which take purpose as its point of reference, but unlike it is grounded in the present moment and is ready to change as the situation itself develops. Next I analyse the symbolic level of happenings, which thanks to its openness belongs to the world of play. The fact that symbols cannot be reduced to a single meaning limits their poten-tial for communication and makes them unsuitable for expressing a clear purpose, but this very fact incites the spectators to more active types of communication. A symbol does not exist in itself, it is always a part of a wider network of symbolic associations. By acting within it, the participants themselves also become parts of this network. In this way symbols come alive in human body, gestures and movements, evoking feelings and attitudes. This type of communi-cation is psychosomatic, influencing our embodied stance which forms the matrix of our con-scious attitudes. Thanks to this, symbolic action can influence both actors and spectators on a level that would be hard to reach solely by verbal explanations. I also examine the satirical structure of happenings, which I describe as being constituted by the relation of the dominant and the subversive pattern. In addition to this I show that good satire does not just deride but is self-reflexive as well. For an organizer of happenings it is useful to be one’s own spectator. It does not matter if the spectators do not notice all the details. What matters is whether the actors pay sufficient atten-tion to them. If they do, the effect of every single detail does not get lost even if it is not actual-ly “seen” by anyone. A happening requires the confidence that a well performed event is mean-ingful even this meaning is not easy to point out. Only with this kind of attitude will it be well grounded in its actors, and there will be a chance that it gets caught on in the spectators and will contribute to a change in their personal attitude.

No description available.

No description available.

Tato práce pokrývá problematiku ochrany olympijské symboliky v České Republice. První část je věnována teoretickému základu. Po stručném popisu marketingových komunikací následuje rozbor právních předpisů chránících Olympijskou symboliku na území ČR. V druhé části - praktické, jsou popsány případy narušení práv Olympijských symbolů a závěr je věnován právnímu hodnocení probíhajícího sporu mezi Českým Olympijským Výborem a Budějovickým Budvarem.

The European continent has been plagued by religious-based conflicts for centuries. While in the past the conflicts arose from disputes between the Catholic and the Protestant church, the main source of the conflicts nowadays is migration to European countries. The migration is what brings significant religious and cultural differences into the functioning traditional European society. One of the currently most discussed topics according to conflicts in Europe is the presence of religious symbols in public spaces. At this point new coming religion symbolized by the Muslim headscarf clashes the traditional religion adhered to by majority and in public areas symbolized by the Christian cross. Except for the conflict between the religions the dispute arises also between religions and the principle of secularism. The aim of my thesis is to analyze the issue of religious symbols in public area, not only in terms of religious freedom, but also in terms of equality and discrimination, protection of the rights of minorities, right to education and gender equality, as these are the issues that need to be considered in its complexity. In the thesis will further examine the question of whether and under what conditions it is possible to limit the demonstration of religious symbols in public areas and in this...

Before the direct contact with Europe, the area of present-day south-eastern Nigeria was inhabited by a dispersed population limited to only village or local consciousness but in 1967 representatives of this region declared the independent state of Biafra with the intention to separate from Nigeria which indicates strong collective consciousness. The bearers of this consciousness consider themselves to be Igbo and the collectivity has features of a nation. Therefore it is the Igbo national consciousness I deal with in this thesis. In the theoretical introduction I situate a nation within the sphere of ideas. The historiographic part of the thesis examines how the Igbo nation came into existence. It deals with traditional culture, trade, missionary activity, education, colonial administration, migration, decolonization and politics in independent Nigeria. The second, semiologic part is based on my research among the Igbos in Prague and focuses on the contemporary means for the inter-subjective maintenance of their national consciousness. I try to explain it using a concept of national symbols which can be understood as narratives supporting the idea of continuity, strengthening of borders and assuring the internal homogeneity as distinguished from the external differences.

Current Frame of Religious Freedom in the System of European Protection of Human Rights Abstract This thesis deals with the topic of protection of Freedom of Religion in the System of European Protection of Human Rights. It begins with a description of the formulation of this freedom in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the legal systems of Germany, Austria and Czech Republic. The legal systems of Germany and Austria are very close to the Czech one, therefore the acquired knowledge might become an inspiration for considerations of possible future legislative changes in the Czech Republic (also considering that while the integration of other cultures is still a relatively new topic in here, the above mentioned other states have already much more experience on this field). Another reason why this choice was made is also a wide range of interesting court decisions concerning the topic of this thesis mainly in Germany, but also in Austria. The description of the formulation of the Freedom of Religion in general is followed by the theoretical description and praxis of teaching Religion at public schools in the above stated countries. It is obvious from the comparison of the praxis in the aforementioned states that...

The aim of my Diploma thesis is find out consumers' knowledge of symbols and their images of them and consequently affect the interpretation of trends in relation to the involvement of the symbol in print advertisement. I will use the research in the form of questionnaire and content analysis. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I describe cultural predisposition, symbols and marketing communications. In the practical part I concern with with the questionnaire and content analysis. Results from my research are that people know the symbols. The most mentioned symbol was animal. The consumers have also not problem with the meaning of the symbol. The content analysis of three types of magazines shows that most displayed symbol was figure. Recommendation for the creator of advertising is that less is sometimes more, which applies for symbols.