Thesis (S.T.M.)--Concordia Theological Seminary, Ft. Wayne, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-130).

Extratropical cyclones are responsible for a substantial portion of midlatitude climate variability and contribute to widespread impacts. The characteristics of extratropical cyclones, such as their spatial distribution and intensity, are thought to be dependent on the large scale circulation. The relationship between cyclone characteristics and modes of large-scale climate variability has been investigated in previous studies, but interactions between modes of climate variability have largely been ignored. Since extratropical cyclone characteristics may be related to interactions between phases, quantifying these relationships is an important step in improving the climatology of extratropical cyclones. The goal of this study is to quantify relationships between modes of climate variability and characteristics of strong cyclones in the contiguous United States. Using historical sea-level pressure data, cyclone intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution are investigated using a cyclone definition that combines the requirement for low pressure (1000 hPa or lower) and positive (cyclonic) vorticity. The large scale modes of climate variability considered include El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific North American (PNA) mode, and the Arctic Oscillation (AO). The analysis is divided into three phases focusing on (1) establishing a background cyclone climatology within the study area, (2) quantifying differences in cyclone characteristics between the positive and negative phases of the individual modes of climate variability, and (3) examining the interactions between the modes of climate variability as they relate to extratropical cyclone characteristics. The results are expected to provide an improved baseline for evaluation of coupled climate models and also have the potential to improve seasonal climate predictability.

No description available.

Thesis. 1976. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Meteorology. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Lindgren. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 202-207. / Ph.D.

The Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) was utilized to study the effects of warmer lake surface temperatures on the lake effect snow (LES) environments of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Composites of recorded LES cases were created for WRF input to represent average LES conditions which revealed three distinct large-scale patterns. WRF runs consisted of altering lake temperatures up to 4.3°C for three future time frames. Lake Erie projections exhibited more sensitivity to alterations as more WRF runs revealed significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) changes to the environment. Lake Erie solely showed any distinctive changes with early and mid-century WRF runs with increased surface CAPE around 80 J/kg and total precipitation around 1.5 mm. Late century alterations for both lakes revealed significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) changes including up to 2.1 g/kg increased specific humidity and a 9K surface-850mb temperature difference indicating both lakes were most sensitive to late century alterations.

<p> Turbidity over Hamilton is determined using direct beam radiation in two manners for the summer period of 1975. These turbidities are then studies with respect to local regional and continental synoptic air masses.</p> <p> The results of the study show a high correlation between the actinometric and residual methods of determining direct beam radiation. This allows turbidity to be easily evaluated at radiation measurement sites.</p> <p> The most significant influence on the amount of particulate matter over Hamilton is the continental scale synoptic patterns.</p. / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

No description available.

Tornado outbreaks (TO) occur every year across the continental United States and are a result of various synoptic scale, mesoscale, and climatological patterns. This study looks to find what patterns exist among the various scales and how that relates to the climatology of the TOs. In order to find these patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) and a cluster analysis were conducted to differentiate the patterns of data. Four distinct clusters of TOs were found with varying synoptic and mesoscale patterns as well as distinct climatological patterns. An interesting result from this study includes the shifting of TO characteristics over time to a more synoptically forced pattern that has becoming stronger and shifted eastward from the Great Plains.

No description available.

This thesis consists of four chapters that concentrate on seven synoptic titles attributed to Jesus. Chapter one is an historical survey of how the synoptic Gospels have been studied from the second-century until today that specifically focuses on Augustine, Griesbach and the Two-Source hypotheses, Markan priority and redaction criticism. Chapter two is a redaction-critical survey that outlines additions, omissions and alterations made to the synoptic Titles Teacher, Son of Man, Lord, Messiah, Son of God, Son of David and Master. This chapter demonstrates that each Gospel author, for the needs of a new audience or different situation/audience, redacted the traditional material behind the Gospelsincluding these titles. Chapter three specifically focuses on the narrative and exegetical value of three titles out of the seven titles (Teacher, Lord and Master). This chapter proposes that each title is used for specific purposes and in specific contexts to reveal unique theological contributions made by each synoptic evangelist. In chapter four, the results and conclusions from chapters two and three are applied to modem English translations questioning if translators do justice to Matthew, Mark and Luke's creativity. This chapter questions if Matthew's, Mark's and Luke's tendencies in the handling of traditional material are reflected in these translations or do English translations interpret, translate and/or redact in their own unique way(s)? To conclude, this thesis proposes, that, just as Matthew, Mark and Luke redacted certain titles for their new audience and situation, hermeneutically, Christians today must consider the relevance of the Gospel for their "new" audience and situation. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)