<p>Predmet istraživanja&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; je&nbsp; prikaz&nbsp; koncepata&nbsp; elektronskog&nbsp;učenja,&nbsp; opis&nbsp; potrebe,&nbsp; motivacije&nbsp; i&nbsp; metodologije&nbsp; za&nbsp; obradu&nbsp; i&nbsp; konverziju&nbsp;postojećih&nbsp; tradicionalnih&nbsp; nastavnih&nbsp; materijala,&nbsp; bez&nbsp; obzira&nbsp; na&nbsp; fizički&nbsp; oblik&nbsp; i&nbsp;sadržaj,&nbsp; u&nbsp; savremene&nbsp; i&nbsp; aktuelne&nbsp; elektronske&nbsp; didaktičke&nbsp; objekte&nbsp; (learning&nbsp;objects).&nbsp; Ideja je da&nbsp; oni&nbsp; budu kreirani tako da mogu&nbsp; biti&nbsp; kori&scaron;ćeni,&nbsp; ako&nbsp; je&nbsp;moguće i vi&scaron;e puta, u sistemima za podr&scaron;ku elektronskom učenju.&nbsp;</p><p>Drugi osnovni predmet istraživanja je opis, definisanje&nbsp; i praktična provera&nbsp;metodologije&nbsp; za razvoj saradničkih i komunikacionih ve&scaron;tina&nbsp; studenata.&nbsp;Pri prelazu iz učionice u oblast elektronskog učenja&nbsp; one se&nbsp; zamenjuju&nbsp;elektronskim aktivnostima,&nbsp; standardnim&nbsp; i uobičajenim&nbsp; delom&nbsp; sistema za&nbsp;elektronsko&nbsp; učenje.&nbsp; Analizirana&nbsp; je&nbsp; primena klasičnih aktivnosti&nbsp; Web&nbsp; 2.0&nbsp;tehnologije: foruma, chat-sistema, Wiki i blog tehnologije,&nbsp; kao i&nbsp;metodologije za on-line zadavanje, re&scaron;avanje, pregledanje&nbsp; i ocenjivanje&nbsp;individualnih i timskih zadataka.</p><p>Konačno,&nbsp; data&nbsp; je&nbsp; sistematizacija&nbsp; metodologija&nbsp; upotrebe&nbsp; elektronskih&nbsp; nastavnih&nbsp;materijala i načini opisivanja meta-modelom. Prikazani su neki od postojećih alata&nbsp;za upotrebu u elektronskom učenju, a&nbsp; predložen&nbsp; je&nbsp; model i potencijalno korisni&nbsp;<br />alati&nbsp; za&nbsp; automatizaciju&nbsp; procesa&nbsp; konverzije&nbsp; nastavnih&nbsp; materijala&nbsp; koji&nbsp; bi olak&scaron;ali&nbsp;kori&scaron;ćenje u sistemima za podr&scaron;ku elektronskom učenju.</p> / <p>The research topic involves description of eLearning concepts,&nbsp;depiction of need, motivation and methodology for processing and&nbsp;conversion of existing traditional teaching materials, regardless of their&nbsp;physical form and content, into contemporary and up-to-date electronic&nbsp;teaching material, learning objects. The idea is that these learning&nbsp;objects are created&nbsp; in such a way that they can be used, if possible also&nbsp;reused, in some of the learning management systems.</p><p>The other primary research topic is the description, definition and&nbsp;practical testing of methodologies for the development of collaborative&nbsp;and communicative skills with students. Those skills are,&nbsp; as a part of the&nbsp;transfer from the classroom to&nbsp; the field of eLearning, substituted with&nbsp;electronic activities which are the standard and usual part of learning&nbsp;management systems. Within the thesis, application of typical activities of&nbsp;<br />so-called Web 2.0 technologies: forums, chat-systems, Wiki and blog&nbsp;technology, but also methodologies for on-line assigning, solving, audit,&nbsp;and assessment of &nbsp;individual and team assignments.</p><p>Finally,&nbsp; systematization of various methodologies of digital teaching&nbsp;material use is presented, together with the methods of their depiction by&nbsp;meta-model. Examples of&nbsp; currently existing tools&nbsp; available for eLearning&nbsp;are presented and a model is suggested, together with&nbsp; the&nbsp; potentially&nbsp;useful tools that might help in automatization &nbsp;of a process of&nbsp; conversion&nbsp;of teaching materials and their use in learning management systems.&nbsp;</p>

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal entender como as migrações são apresentadas e desenvolvidas nas apostilas de professores e alunos da rede estadual de São Paulo, desde a introdução de currículo e material unificado em 2008. As mudanças que a escola paulista sofreu desde essa data fazem parte de uma política educacional neoliberal adotada pelo governo estadual de São Paulo que sofre influências de instituições financeiras internacionais, como o Banco Mundial, que relaciona desenvolvimento econômico ao ensino. Para tanto, avaliamos tais materiais conforme nossas considerações e experiências vivenciadas dentro da sala de aula e também pelos critérios de avaliação de livros didáticos do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD). Além das avaliações das migrações nos materiais didáticos unificados, serão também discutidas as influências internacionais no ensino de São Paulo; a formação do aluno conforme os interesses internacionais; as consequências sofridas por alunos, professores e pela escola; o currículo unificado de Geografia implantado em 2008; a utilização das apostilas em sala de aula; a nova função do professor, entre outros, que se relacionam às expectativas e a atual realidade do ensino paulista. / This work has as main objective to comprehend how migrations concepts are presented and developed in the São Paulo state schools textbooks, since the introduction of the unified curriculum and didactic material in 2008. The changes that schools underwent since 2008 are part of a neoliberal educational policy adopted by São Paulo state government, which is influenced by international financial institutions, such as World Bank, that link economic development to education. For that, we evaluated the textbooks following our considerations, based both on our own experiences in classrooms and on the evaluation criteria of the Textbook National Program (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático PNLD). In addition to evaluating migration in the textbooks, we will also discuss the international influences on São Paulo education; the student education following international interests; the consequences suffered by students, teachers and the school; the curriculum of Geography adopted in 2008; the use of textbooks in the classroom; the new role of teachers; among others, which are related to the expectations and current reality of teaching in São Paulo.

<p>Sedan mitten av 1990-talet har Sverige internationellt sätt legat i topp på grund av grundskolelevers goda resultat i engelsk språkkunskap. Den svenska grundskolan är fortfarande internationellt sätt i topp men på nationell nivån har det skett en förändring. Sedan mitten av 1990-talet har grundskolelevernas resultat stagnerat och i vissa språkmoment även försämrats. Vad som orsakat denna negativa förändring finns det många spekulationer om t.ex. den ökade invandringen och elevers attityd till ämnet. Forskare har under en tid studerat olika områden som kan vara orsaken till de försämrade resultaten men har inte funnit ett konkret svar, ingen ensam faktor som kan ha förorsakat detta i skolan.</p><p>Vad gäller undervisningsplanering i skolan finns det inte mycket tidigare forskning inom Sverige för den svenska grundskolan. Inte heller skolans styrdokument har några direktiv för hur undervisningsmål ska uppnås, planeras eller vad denna planering ska innehålla. Undervisningens planering är lämnad i lärarens händer.</p><p>Svenska grundskoleelevers skolresultat i engelska visar på en nedåtgående utveckling, flera områden i skolan har fått uppmärksamhet, men undervisningsplaneringen är något som ännu är outforskat. Det är planeringen som avgör hur undervisningen utformas, vilka material och tillvägagångssätt elever ges möjlighet att tillägna sig i sikte att uppnå målen.</p><p>Denna studie omfattar intervjuer av sex lärare för grundskolans tidigare år. Intervjuerna har behandlat hur lärare planerar, vad de planerar och hur det tänker kring undervisningsämnet engelska, i syfte att få en bild av vilket innehåll och vilken struktur planeringen har. I studien framkommer att det är den individuella lärarens val av metoder och material samt det mål läraren har med undervisningen som avgör vad eleverna ges möjlighet att tillägna sig i skolan. Resultatet visar att det skiljer sig i hur lärare strukturerar sin undervisning. En del har en noga och väl strukturerad plan med moment och metoder, andra har en tanke som ännu inte är utformad eller tar det lite som det kommer. Alla arbetar för samma sak, efter samma styrdokument men på olika sätt.</p>

Sedan mitten av 1990-talet har Sverige internationellt sätt legat i topp på grund av grundskolelevers goda resultat i engelsk språkkunskap. Den svenska grundskolan är fortfarande internationellt sätt i topp men på nationell nivån har det skett en förändring. Sedan mitten av 1990-talet har grundskolelevernas resultat stagnerat och i vissa språkmoment även försämrats. Vad som orsakat denna negativa förändring finns det många spekulationer om t.ex. den ökade invandringen och elevers attityd till ämnet. Forskare har under en tid studerat olika områden som kan vara orsaken till de försämrade resultaten men har inte funnit ett konkret svar, ingen ensam faktor som kan ha förorsakat detta i skolan. Vad gäller undervisningsplanering i skolan finns det inte mycket tidigare forskning inom Sverige för den svenska grundskolan. Inte heller skolans styrdokument har några direktiv för hur undervisningsmål ska uppnås, planeras eller vad denna planering ska innehålla. Undervisningens planering är lämnad i lärarens händer. Svenska grundskoleelevers skolresultat i engelska visar på en nedåtgående utveckling, flera områden i skolan har fått uppmärksamhet, men undervisningsplaneringen är något som ännu är outforskat. Det är planeringen som avgör hur undervisningen utformas, vilka material och tillvägagångssätt elever ges möjlighet att tillägna sig i sikte att uppnå målen. Denna studie omfattar intervjuer av sex lärare för grundskolans tidigare år. Intervjuerna har behandlat hur lärare planerar, vad de planerar och hur det tänker kring undervisningsämnet engelska, i syfte att få en bild av vilket innehåll och vilken struktur planeringen har. I studien framkommer att det är den individuella lärarens val av metoder och material samt det mål läraren har med undervisningen som avgör vad eleverna ges möjlighet att tillägna sig i skolan. Resultatet visar att det skiljer sig i hur lärare strukturerar sin undervisning. En del har en noga och väl strukturerad plan med moment och metoder, andra har en tanke som ännu inte är utformad eller tar det lite som det kommer. Alla arbetar för samma sak, efter samma styrdokument men på olika sätt.

A pesar de las recomendaciones científicas sobre una introducción sistemática del input, los materiales didácticos muestran una presentación no sistemática del mismo. La falta de correspondencia entre dicha realidad y la teoría ha suscitado el presente trabajo de investigación, cuyo principal objetivo es averiguar hasta qué punto la introducción no sistemática del vocabulario está relacionada con su aprendizaje. Un grupo de 44 estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera en Educación Primaria participaron en el estudio. Los resultados de la tesis apuntan graves deficiencias en la introducción de input, las cuales se reflejaron en la adquisición por parte de los aprendices. Las cifras apuntan a un ritmo de adquisición léxica irregular solo parcialmente limitado por la introducción de input. Por otra parte, se ha podido observar que es posible predecir la tendencia del ritmo de aprendizaje, pero no la cantidad exacta a la que ese ritmo crece. / Researchers recommend a systematic introduction of input. However, it seems that this recommendation is far from reality. The aim of this work is to find out to what extent non-systematic introduction of vocabulary is related to learning. Forty-four Primary Education learners of English as a Foreign Language took part in the study. The results of this thesis show serious deficiencies in the introduction of input. These deficiencies were reflected in the learners’ low level of acquisition. Figures show an irregular rate of acquisition which is only partially limited by the introduction of input. In addition, it has been observed that we can predict the tendency of the rate of acquisition but not the exact proportion at which this rate grows.

Studiens syfte är att studera musiklärares syn på högstadiets läromedel i musikämnet; läromedlens fördelar och nackdelar samt vad som anses vara ett ”idealt” läromedel. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter utgörs av ett didaktiskt perspektiv. Resultatet baseras på en enkätundersökning av 27 musiklärare från hela landet med olika bakgrunder och yrkeserfarenheter. Studiens resultat visar att de tillfrågade musiklärarna anser att de färdiga eller tryckta läromedel de känner till är otillräckliga och blir snabbt föråldrade. En övervägande majoritet föredrar därför sitt egengjorda material framför ett färdigt eller tryckt material. Det ”ideala” läromedel som tycks vara det mest önskvärda bland majoriteten av lärarna är ett digitalt/IT-baserat sådant, gärna i form av någon sorts databas med lektioner och ensemblelåtar. / The purpose of this study is to explore music teachers’ views on teaching materials for music in compulsory school; the advantages or disadvantages of this material, and what might be considered as an “ideal” teaching media or teaching aid. The theoretical base of the study consists of a didactic perspective. The investigation is based on a survey among 27 music teachers, with different backgrounds and professional experience. The result shows that the music teachers consider that the printed materials they know tend to the insufficient and quickly out of date. The vast majority of the teachers prefer therefore their own-made teaching media instead of printed ones. The “ideal” teaching media that seems to be the most desirable among the majority of the teachers is digital/IT-based, preferably in the form of some sort of database containing lessons and songs.

This essay aims to examine if five high school textbooks represent Judaism as homogeneous or diverse. The purpose is to see if textbooks add a diverse or homogeneous view on Judaism. The methods for this essay are a qualitative content analysis and an image analysis. The results tells us that both homogeneous and heterogeneous tendencies can be found in the textbooks to a certain extent. The homogeneous tendencies can be explained as an aftereffect of the textbooks’ authors becoming limited by their schedule, amount of pages and so on. This results in a second-rate construction of how Judaism is represented and how it affects a person’s life. This homogeneity can also be explained as that the reader has to be able to get an understandable view of Judaism’s importance and uniqueness. These heterogeneous tendencies can be explained as an aftereffect of the ongoing debate on textbooks and a careful usage of the language in the books. The author has to be more thoughtful regarding where to compromise. In the end, it is the teacher that creates the diversity and it is up to him/her to evaluate the material to see what it actually says and how it affects the pupil’s view on religion. / Denna uppsats undersöker om fem läroböcker för gymnasiet porträtterar judendomen som homogen eller nyanserad. Syftet är för att se om läromedel bidrar till en nyanserad alternativt homogen syn på religionen. Vald metod för undersökningen är kvalitativ textanalys samt en bildanalys. Resultatet visar på såväl heterogena som homogena tendenser i alla läromedel, dock i mer eller mindre utsträckning. De homogena tendenserna kan bero på läroboksförfattarens begränsningar i skrivandet av ett läromedel, i form av tidsbegränsning, sidbegränsning med mera. Detta skapar en begränsad andrahandskonstruktion av hur judendomen representeras och påverkar en persons liv. Homogeniteten kan även bero på att läsaren måste få en greppbar syn på vad som ger religionen dess betydelse och särart. De heterogena tendenserna kan bero på exempelvis den pågående debatten kring läromedel samt ett mer eftertänksamt språkbruk. Författaren måste vara eftertänksam i sina kompromisser kring valet av text. Dock är det i slutändan alltid läraren som skapar nyansering och det är upp till denne att se till sitt material, hur det påverkar synen på religion hos eleven och vad materialet verkligen säger.

Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2005. / Not embargoed. Vita. Bibliography: 57-63.

The purpose of this study is to analyze four teaching materials in the Swedish subject for students in grade 4 to see the variety of different types of texts and strategies for reading comprehension that are found in the teaching materials.   • What reading comprehension strategies are represented in the study's chosen teaching materials? • What are the similarities and differences between the chosen teaching tools regarding reading comprehension strategies? • What types of texts are present and how much is the variation in the chosen study material of the study?   The result showed that two of the teaching materials contained all the reading comprehension strategies that the study examined. Furthermore, the result showed that one of the teaching materials had a large variety of different types of texts, while another teaching material had little variation. The analysis showed that a teaching material with few reading comprehension strategies also had a small variety of texts. The analysis then showed that the teaching materials that contained many reading comprehension strategies also had a greater variety of different types of texts.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-20T17:26:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_NeivaLilianFerreiraOrtiz.pdf: 2741014 bytes, checksum: c2bd2d203eb1f963f2e188ec79da2fa4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T17:26:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_NeivaLilianFerreiraOrtiz.pdf: 2741014 bytes, checksum: c2bd2d203eb1f963f2e188ec79da2fa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-17 / This study used a qualitative research approach based on bibliographical and documentary techniques. Data included official documents, which were made available by the Ministry of Education and Culture, as well as the notebooks and teaching materials of three students from three public schools located in a Midwestern municipality of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The objective of the study was to analyse how the Natural Sciences were approached in these schools based on the proposals of the National Pact for Literacy at Proper Age during the period 2013 – 2015. In addition to the official guidelines on the National Pact for Literacy at Proper Age and the Teaching of Sciences, the analysis aimed to highlight the presence of the Natural Sciences in the school curriculum, the contents and structuring axes considered as well as the methodological aspects and resources used. It also aimed to develop a product to be used as a teaching resource, which could mediate the teaching-learning process of the Natural Sciences in the early years. Initially, the materials related to the National Pact for Literacy at Proper Age were searched and compiled to be studied afterwards. Then, a previous analysis was developed on the materials provided by the three students who were attending the 2013 – 2015 literacy cycles at the three schools investigated. Finally, categories of analysis were chosen according to Bardin (2016) in order to verify whether the Natural Sciences were taught in the early years as well as the contents and structuring axes considered and, finally, the methodological aspects and resources used. Data analysis revealed that the Teaching of Sciences has been developed without the frequency, liveliness and quality necessary to promote scientific literacy among the students. In addition, the study of both languages and mathematics was prioritized during the literacy cycle investigated. Consequently, the study of science occupied an auxiliary place in the school curriculum, being normally presented in a strict and fragmented way. With regard to the structuring axes and the contents approached, it was found that both continue to be selected and propagated by the schools through a teaching culture that is based on themes that usually repeat from school to school regardless of the school reality. The highlighted structuring axes were “Life in the Environments” and “Human Being and Health” instead of the axes “Materials and Transformations” and “The Sun and Earth System”. Concerning the methodological aspects and the teaching resources used by the teachers during the classes, traditional pedagogy as well as recurrent resources such as board, chalk, photocopied sheets and textbooks have prevailed. However, if the frequency and quality of the Natural Science classes continue to be strict and based on theories and teaching resources that are not very innovative or contextualized, the students' scientific training will remain adrift. These are very unfortunate results given the social, scientific and technological importance of this area of knowledge to the students' personal and social quality of life. Therefore, having in mind the conclusions of this research and considering the importance of this school stage to the students’ learning, a product has been developed to be used as a resource in the teaching of sciences in the initial years of the literacy cycle. In a nutshell, this product is a children's story entitled "The hairy caterpillar" and may be used to teach the life cycle of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis. / A presente pesquisa utilizou-se de uma metodologia de abordagem qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico e documental. Teve, como documentos de análise, além das orientações oficiais disponibilizados pelo Ministério de Educação e Cultura, os cadernos e materiais didáticos de três estudantes, de três escolas da rede municipal de ensino, de um município da região Centro-Oeste do estado do RS. Objetivou-se analisar como foi contemplada a área das Ciências da Natureza, na rede pública de ensino de um município da região Centro-Oeste do RS, a partir das propostas do Pacto Nacional de Alfabetização na Idade Certa, no bloco sequencial de 2013 a 2015. Especificamente, além das orientações oficiais acerca do Pacto Nacional de Alfabetização na Idade Certa e do Ensino de Ciências, procurou-se evidenciar a presença da área das Ciências da Natureza no currículo escolar, os conteúdos e eixos estruturantes contemplados, os aspectos metodológicos e recursos utilizados, bem como construir um produto a ser utilizado como recurso didático para mediar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem das Ciências da Natureza nos anos iniciais. Inicialmente, foi realizado o levantamento dos materiais relacionados ao Pacto Nacional de Alfabetização na Idade Certa, compilando os mesmos para estudo. Em relação aos materiais dos três estudantes do ciclo de alfabetização de 2013 a 2015, das três escolas pesquisadas, houve uma análise prévia e, posteriormente, elegeram-se categorias, conforme propõe Bardin (2016), em que procurou-se detectar: a presença das Ciências da Natureza nos anos iniciais, os conteúdos e eixos estruturantes abordados e os aspectos metodológicos e recursos utilizados.Com base nos dados compilados, percebeu-se que o Ensino de Ciências se desenvolveu sem a frequência, vivacidade e qualidade necessárias para que essa área do conhecimento habilitasse os estudantes para a alfabetização científica. Constatou-se que, durante o ciclo de alfabetização pesquisado, foram priorizadas as áreas das linguagens e a matemática. A área de ciências ocupou um lugar de coadjuvante no currículo escolar, apresentando-se de modo pontual e fragmentada. Quanto aos eixos estruturantes e conteúdos contemplados, evidenciou-se que esses continuam sendo selecionados e propagados pela escola utilizando-se como critério uma cultura escolar sedimentada em temáticas que geralmente se repetem de escola para escola, independentemente da realidade escolar. Os eixos estruturantes priorizados foram “Vida nos Ambientes” e “Ser Humano e Saúde” em detrimento dos eixos “Materiais e Transformações” e “Sistema Sol e Terra”. Em relação aos aspectos metodológicos e recursos didáticos empregados pelos docentes no transcorrer das aulas, percebeu-se o predomínio da pedagogia tradicional e de recursos recorrentes, tais como quadro, giz, folhas fotocopiadas e livros didáticos. Contudo, se a frequência e a qualidade das aulas das Ciências da Natureza continuarem de modo pontual e, além disso, alicerçadas em teorias e recursos didáticos pouco inovadores e contextualizados, a formação científica dos estudantes permanecerá à deriva. Essas evidências são lastimáveis, dada a importância social, científica e tecnológica dessa área do conhecimento para a qualidade de vida pessoal e social dos estudantes. Assim, diante do que foi constatado na pesquisa e, como forma de colaborar para essa relevante etapa escolar, elaborou-se um produto que poderá contribuir como recurso didático para o ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais no ciclo de alfabetização. Trata-se de uma história infantil, intitulada “A lagartinha cabeluda”, com potencialidade para abordar o ciclo de vida dos insetos que realizam metamorfose completa.