A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Management (MMENVC) Johannesburg, February 2016 / This paper aims to look at the barriers of ICT adoption amongst Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa, specifically in the high growth-manufacturing sector. The population of the study is comprised of manufacturing SME owners and managers in Gauteng, South Africa. The objectives of this study are threefold. Firstly, it aims to establish which ICTs SMEs are currently making use of in South Africa. Secondly, it will analyse the perceived value added to SMEs through ICT adoption. And thirdly, the study endeavours to unearth the various barriers faced by SMEs when adopting ICTs. The research consists of data collection from 81 SMEs in the manufacturing sector in Gauteng, South Africa, by means of an online questionnaire. The data was analysed through a variety of statistical techniques covering both descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. The following conclusions were reached:  Three barriers examined are significantly important to the adoption of ICTs, namely lack of existing hardware, immediate return on investment (ROI), and lack of infrastructure.  The perceived value of ICT has a positive, significant relationship to ICT adoption.  The majority of SMEs still predominantly make use of general ICTs, with more advanced ICT use lagging behind significantly. The majority of respondents have Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phone services (69%), Internet access and e-mail (90%), as well as telephone (89%) and fax (82%) services as ICTs that have already been implemented.  The education level of the owner/manager has a significant, positive relationship with the level of ICT adoption, particularly amongst general-use ICT and production- integrating ICT. / MB2016

Orientadora: Bárbara Fadel / Banca: Marcia Cristina de Carvalho Pazin Vitoriano / Banca: Cássia Regina Bassan de Moraes / Banca: Guilherme Garcia Velasquez / Banca: Priscila Varges da Silva / Resumo: Os fluxos informacionais compõem o caminho em que uma multiplicidade de informações trafega em distintos setores e níveis organizacionais. Diante disso, para esta pesquisa, o problema que se destacou como ponto central se refere a como se configuram os fluxos de informação no setor turístico do município de Bonito-MS? Portanto, foi necessário responder problemáticas que circundam o problema de pesquisa, quais sejam: como são constituídos os fluxos de informação do setor turístico do município de Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul? Qual a influência das TIC na dinâmica dos fluxos de informação deste ambiente? Quais as efetivas contribuições dos fluxos de informação para o turismo de Bonito? No intuito de buscar essas respostas, a pesquisa objetivou analisar e contribuir para a dinâmica dos fluxos de informação no setor turístico de Bonito-MS, identificando e caracterizando os ambientes de informação, verificando a influência das TIC nos fluxos de informação desse ambiente, mapeando tais fluxos, e apresentando contribuições para a dinâmica dos fluxos de informação no turismo do município. A pesquisa possui natureza qualitativa do tipo descritiva e documental. O método de pesquisa utilizado é o Método Sistêmico Soft. Para composição do referencial teórico foi realizada uma revisão de literatura. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram a entrevista, análise de documentos e a observação. Como resultados, houve a identificação e caracterização dos ambientes de informação e a co... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Information flows make up the way in which a multiplicity of information travels in distinct sectors and organizational levels. In this way, for this research, the problem that stood out as the central point refers on how is organized the information flows in the tourism of the municipality of Bonito-MS? Therefore it was necessary to answer questions that surround the research problem, namely: how are the information flows of the tourism of Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul? What is the influence of ICT on the dynamics of information flows in this environment? What are the actual contributions of information flows to the tourism of Bonito? In order to search for these answers, the research aimed to analyze and contribute to the dynamics of information flows in the Bonito-MS tourism sector, identifying and characterizing information environments, verifying the influence of ICT in the information flows of this environment, mapping these flows, and presenting contributions to the dynamics of information flows in the municipality's tourism. The research has a qualitative nature being both descriptive and documentary. The method of research used is the Systemic Method Soft. For the composition of the theoretical reference, a literature review was performed. The used instruments of data collection were interview, document analysis and observation. As results, there was the identification and characterization of information environments and the understanding of their difficulties, verifyin... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumen: Los flujos informacionales componen el camino en que una multiplicidad de informaciones transita en distintos sectores y niveles organizacionales. En este sentido, para este estudio el problema que se destacó como punto central de inquietud se refiere a cómo se configuran los flujos de información en el sector turístico del municipio de Bonito-MS? Por lo tanto, surgió la necesidad de responder problemáticas que circundan el problema de investigación, cuáles son: ¿Cómo se constituyen los flujos de información del sector turístico del municipio de Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul? ¿Cuál es la influencia de las TIC en la dinámica de los flujos de información de este ambiente? ¿Cuáles son las efectivas contribuciones de los flujos de información para el desarrollo turístico de Bonito? Con el fin de buscar esas respuestas, la investigación objetivó analizar y contribuir a la dinámica de los flujos de información en el sector turístico de Bonito-MS, identificando y caracterizando los ambientes de información, verificando la influencia de las TIC en los flujos de información de ese ambiente, mapeando tales flujos, y presentando contribuciones a la dinámica de los flujos de información en el turismo del municipio. La investigación tiene naturaleza cualitativa del tipo descriptivo y documental. El método de investigación utilizado es el Método Sistémico Soft. Para la composición del referencial teórico se realizó una revisión de literatura. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos utilizado... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Doutor

<div> <p>In this dissertation, I investigate how entrepreneurial ventures and industry incumbents enter into interorganizational relationships in the context of corporate venture capital (CVC) investments. In Essay 1, drawing from the literature on employee mobility and entrepreneurship, I investigate how the competitive tension between spinouts and their parent firms with regard to potential knowledge diffusion influences other industry incumbents’ decisions to invest in spinouts. Specifically, I suggest that a high level of technological overlap between a spinout and its parent firm deters other industry incumbents from investing in the spinout due to anticipated hostile actions by the parent firm. Moreover, such negative effects can be amplified when the parent firm has a strong litigiousness to claim its intellectual property rights. I also consider that the negative effects can be mitigated when industry incumbents expect to benefit from gaining indirect access to parent firms’ technological knowledge through investing in spinouts.</p><p><br></p> <p>In Essay 2, I focus on academic hybrid entrepreneurs—defined as individuals who found their own ventures while working at academic institutions (e.g., professors, scientists)—and investigate how their intended exit strategy influences their decisions regarding CVC financing. Specifically, I first propose that academic hybrid entrepreneurs may have strong preferences for acquisitions over initial public offerings as an exit strategy for their ventures because of the high level of opportunity/switching costs associated with transitioning between their academic roles and entrepreneurial activities. Drawing from the literature on mergers and acquisitions, I then suggest that compared to other ventures, those founded by academic hybrid entrepreneurs are more likely to receive funding from CVC investors to effectively disclose the quality of their resources and knowledge to potential acquirers.</p><p><br></p> <p>In Essay 3, I examine how the industry incumbents’ relative positions in technology domains vis-à-vis other firms influence their CVC investment activities. Drawing upon the literature on factor market, I conceptualize CVC investments as external knowledge acquisition activities in knowledge factor markets consisting of several different technology domains. Building on this conceptualization, I emphasize that industry incumbents’ choices of investment areas are dependent on their positions vis-à-vis their rival investors in a given technology domain. This is because a firm’s technology position in a given domain can simultaneously influence the opportunities and incentives that jointly determine the likelihood of CVC investments in the domain. The theoretical arguments and empirical results suggest that firms with intermediate technology positions (i.e., technology intermediates) with moderate levels of opportunities and incentives are more likely to make CVC investments than are technology laggards and leaders with the lowest levels of opportunities and incentives, respectively.</p></div>

As the importance of R&D has been growing in economic growth, the accountability and effectiveness of R&D programs are highly emphasized. Especially, in times of economic downturn, the evaluation of performance in a firm is needed to justify R&D investment. In response, various attempts have been made to improve success rates of R&D projects, gain competitive advantage, and achieve a firm's growth in profitability. In particular, in industries where technological innovation is significant, strategic technology planning and R&D capabilities may be the lead ones in defining the dynamic capabilities of a firm. In addition, technology forecasting (TF) in technology planning is a crucial step to follow before developing technologies/products/processes in need. In this regard, researchers have an abiding interest in enhancing methods to forecast emerging technology, while practitioners have a considerable interest in selecting appropriate tools to apply in their field for better forecasting results. Nevertheless, so far it is not well documented how appropriately the current research responds to this need. Thus, a thorough review on TF techniques is conducted to help researchers and practitioners capture methodologies in a tangible way and identify the current trends in the TF arena. Moreover, there is still a lack of clear guidance as to where and how particular TF methods are useful in strategic planning based on technology characteristics as well as the nature of industry. The purpose of this study is to enrich the stream of research on TF activities in a firm for practitioners and researchers, a unique context where TF could lead to technological innovation. This research offers a classification of the approaches, and presents technological, industrial, methodological, and organizational aspects of TF methods that are inherent in TF activities. Furthermore, this study provides empirical evidences to support organizational and managerial implications regarding TF activities associated with technology planning in a firm. Research findings in regimes of technological change suggest insights on technological, organizational, and managerial processes within the firm. On the other hand, research on the effects on business performance of "best practices" of strategic planning, which enable firms to articulate their plans to develop, acquire, and deploy resources for accomplishing firms' financial growth, has so far ignored the roles of strategic technology planning associated with TF. In this regard, this study explores a set of indicators, discusses, and presents the findings from the literature in such a way that they become useful for researchers or managers who are in charge of measuring the R&D performance and business performance from innovation activity. Next, this research tested the hypothetical framework proposed not only to provide a current snapshot of how firms across industries implement best practices in strategic technology planning, but also to improve the effectiveness of strategic planning. The results present the positive linkages between TF, technology planning, and superior business performance. The findings in this research help policy makers, universities, research institutes/national labs, and companies to enhance their decision making process on technology development.

The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyse why three New South Wales primary schools were successful in implementing and managing educational technology. Responding to this research focus four specific questions were considered: Why have these schools been successful in implementing and managing educational technology? What factors have helped and/or hindered the successful implementation and management of educational technology within the selected schools? What are the indicators of successful implementation of educational technology? What were the particular contributions of leadership to the successful implementation and management of educational technology within the selected schools? This qualitative research study is based on the assumption that valuable data are gathered by studying schools that have been successful with the implementation and management of technology. In particular, the study provided a description and analysis of the best practice in three New South Wales Primary schools that had successfully implemented and managed educational technology. An interactive and cyclical process of data analysis was employed with data collection, data analysis and theory development proceeding simultaneously. To reduce and display data gathered from in-depth interviews, document study and non- participant observation the qualitative data analysis program QSR NUD*IST was utilised. The development and validation of the study’s conceptual framework shaped the study leading to the formulation of the SupportIF Model of Implementation. This model posits that success with implementation and management of educational technology is closely related to the level of interdependence between the implementation factors. The study results also endorsed the prime importance of a supportive work environment in each of the studied schools and linked this environment to the level of success realised with the implementation and management of technology and the utilisation of educational technology to enhance the achievement of student learning outcomes. The study contends that the sustainability of a school based technology initiative rests with a school’s ability to dynamically balance the key implementation factors and to redesign in light of shared practice. Tantamount to this process is a supportive work environment in each school which is the critical variable that facilitates interdependence between leadership, resources, relationships and teaching and learning factors.

No description available.

Vehicle emissions, arising from incomplete fuel combustion and reactions between N2 and O2 leading to NOX, have detrimental effects on human health and environment quality. Engine exhaust contains a variety of regulated components, such as hydrocarbons, CO, nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulate matter (PM). Government environmental agencies have been continuously establishing regulations for automobile manufacturers to reduce these emissions. Lean-burn engines operate with an excess of oxygen, which makes the reduction of NOX, challenging, with a coincident challenge for diesel engines being PM. Diesel particulate filters have been successfully employed to reduce PM. NOX storage and reduction (NSR) catalysts and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts are two promising technologies used to mitigate NOX emissions. A diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) is usually placed upstream of these to reduce hydrocarbons and CO emissions and oxidize NO to NO2, which leads to improved performance over these catalysts. In this study, the performance of DOCs and NSR catalysts, individually and in series, has been investigated as a function of temperature, gas composition, catalyst length, and catalyst configuration. The catalytic oxidation of CO, hydrocarbons, and NO, both individually and in mixtures with NO2, was investigated over a monolith-supported DOC. The data clearly show mutual inhibition effects between these species. Addition of each gas to the inlet gas mixture caused an increase in the light-off temperatures of the other species, mainly due to site adsorption competition. CO was less affected by other species because its light-off temperatures began prior to those of NOX and other hydrocarbons, and it is likely the primary surface species poisoning the active sites at low temperature. Hydrogen production via hydrocarbon steam reforming and water gas shift reactions was also investigated over a DOC during steady-state and cycling conditions (to mimic NSR catalyst operation) along the catalyst length. C3H6 and dodecane steam reforming started at 375 and 450°C, respectively, whereas the water gas shift reaction started at 225°C, and proceeded further than hydrocarbon steam reforming in terms of H2 production. It should be mentioned that H2 production via the hydrocarbon steam reforming and water gas shift reactions during cycling experiments, was higher than that observed during steady-state experiments. According to temperature programmed oxidation experiments performed after steam reforming, the better performance during cyclic operation is because less coke was deposited compared to that with steady-state experiments. Experiments were also performed over a NSR catalyst. The evaluations included testing the performance as a function of NOX source, NO or NO2, testing different regeneration protocols, and evaluating different reducing agents (hydrocarbons, H2, or CO). For NO and NO2 as the NOX source, the trapping and reduction performance was better when NO2 was used at all operating temperatures except 300ºC, likely due to high NO oxidation activity and rapid trapping of NO2 at 300ºC. Numerous reasons were provided to explain the improved performance with NO2 at other tested temperatures. The foremost reason though, is treating the monolith as an integral reactor. With NO2 as the NOX source, NO2 can be readily trapped at the very inlet and along the catalyst length, resulting in a higher trapping amount. Along the same concept, the released NOX from the inlet of the catalyst has more residence time and contact with downstream Pt sites, but more importantly more interaction between reductant and stored NOX. In the second set of experiments, different regeneration protocols were used. Different regeneration times, 4, 8 and 16 seconds with 4, 2, and 1% H2 as the reductant amounts, and constant lean times were evaluated. The data clearly show an improvement with longer regeneration times in both NOX trapping and overall reduction performance at all temperatures except 500°C, where the more significant NOX release resulted in an overall decrease in NOX conversion with increasing regeneration time. The improved performance at the lower temperatures is due to more extensive nitrate/nitrite decomposition with longer regeneration times, thus leading to more extensive surface cleaning. The performance of the NSR catalyst was also investigated using hydrocarbons, H2, or CO as reducing agents. H2 was found the best at T ≤ 250°C, where the decreased performance with CO and hydrocarbons was due to Pt site poisoning at 200°C and as a result of slow kinetics at 250°C. CO and hydrocarbons, however, proved to regenerate the catalyst as efficiently as H2 at T ≥ 300°C. Hydrogen production via steam reforming experiments can not explain the improved performance with hydrocarbons, since propylene steam reforming occurred at 375°C, with only a small amount of H2 generated, and dodecane or m-xylene reforming did not occur below 450°C. TPR data show that propylene started to activate as low as 217°C and the complete reduction of NO by propylene was achieved at 287°C. For surface chemisorbed NOX species, propylene was observed to reduce these species at T > 200°C, with high rates by 264°C, with this activity eventually leading to comparable performance with either CO or H2 at similar temperatures during NOX cycling experiments. The performance of two different hybrid DOC+NSR systems was also investigated. In the first configuration, a DOC and NSR catalyst were placed in series while in the other configuration, the DOC and NSR catalysts were divided into two equal volumes and placed in series (DOC + NSR + DOC + NSR). Overall, the data show an increase in the NOX performance with the split configuration at all temperatures tested, with small changes at 200°C due to poisoning effects of Pt and Ba sites by CO and hydrocarbons being significant. The improved performance with the split configuration was related to further NO oxidation occurring over the 2nd DOC, more H2 formed from steam reforming and WGS reactions, and reduced inhibition of the WGS reaction by hydrocarbons.

Although the aluminium rolling industry is considered a traditional industry, but the majority of its products are supplied to the 3C market. Hence the industry can also be classified as a high-tech industry, and must therefore adapt to rapid changing market environments. In recent years, the rise of the four BRIC countries with their low cost labor and land, have gained advantages in the low end products. Yet,escalations of international raw material prices have forced the cost of raw materials in the aluminium rolling industry to close in at nearly 80%. Substitute products are at the same time being developed feverishly, posing great threats to the aluminium industry. The China Steel Aluminium Corporation (CSAC) is taken as a case example to study how concepts of innovation management can be applied to product development in an intense competitive environment. If both product differentiation and low cost can both be achieved to explore niche markets, innovative value is created and the company will find itself in a blue sea. This study is pivoted on management of innovations. The principal factors of innovation are innovation flow, technology innovation, product innovation, process innovation and organization innovation. Each principal factor is represented by four to five sub-factors, totaling 21 sub-factors. Through analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a questionnaire was developed. Experts and scholars in the field of aluminium rolling industry were requested to rate the factors. The results were analyzed using Expert Choice 2000 statistical software, and the key success factors for management of innovation in the CSAC derived. The principal factor for innovation is technology innovation, with product innovation, process innovation, innovation flow and organizational innovation being secondary factors. Among the sub-factors, eight sub-factors emerged as key success factors with evaluation weights over 5%. These are, in ranking sequence, technology optimization, product innovation leadership, technology enrichment, technology stocktaking, cross-functional team, technology monitoring and protection, product application and development, and, execution and application. Overall speaking, technology innovation is the core value of CSAC, particularly in the areas of strengthening technology optimization and technology enrichment. CSAC should dedicate more resources in research and innovation. Product strategy should evolve from application and development into product defense development. It is further suggested that the proportion of product leading innovation strategy should be increased. In the short run, the research resources of the mother company should be fully utilized. In the long term, internal research capability should be developed, that is to increase research funding. Additionally, organization learning is the source of enterprise innovation, while exploration for change opportunities is the basis for strategy formulation. Although these two factors have not been incorporated as key success factors, they should not be overlooked.

<p>Information is an important business asset in today’s enterprises. Hence enterprise information security is an important system quality that must be carefully managed. Although enterprise information security is acknowledged as one of the most central areas for enterprise IT management, the topic still lacks adequate support for decision making on top-management level.</p><p>This composite thesis consists of four articles which presents the Enterprise Information Security Assessment Method (EISAM), a comprehensive method for assessing the current state of the enterprise information security. The method is useful in helping guide top-management’s decision-making because of the following reasons: 1) it is easy to understand, 2) it is prescriptive, 3) it is credible, and 4) it is efficient.</p><p>The assessment result is easy to understand because it presents a quantitative estimate. The result can be presented as an aggregated single value, abstracting the details of the assessment. The result is easy to grasp and enables comparisons both within the organization and in terms of industry in general.</p><p>The method is prescriptive since it delivers concrete and traceable measurements. This helps guide top-level management in their decisions regarding enterprise-wide information security by highlighting the areas where improvements efforts are essential.</p><p>It is credible for two reasons. Firstly, the method presents an explicit and transparent definition of enterprise information security. Secondly, the method in itself includes an indication of assessment uncertainty, expressed in terms of confidence levels.</p><p>The method is efficient because it focuses on important enterprise information security aspects, and because it takes into account how difficult it is to find security related evidence. Being resource sparse it enables assessments to take place regularly, which gives valuable knowledge for long-term decision-making.</p><p>The usefulness of the presented method, along with its development, has been verified through empirical studies at a leading electric power company in Europe and through statistical surveys carried out among information security experts in Sweden.</p><p>The success from this research should encourage further researcher in using these analysis techniques to guide decisions on other enterprise architecture attributes.</p>

Vehicle emissions, arising from incomplete fuel combustion and reactions between N2 and O2 leading to NOX, have detrimental effects on human health and environment quality. Engine exhaust contains a variety of regulated components, such as hydrocarbons, CO, nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulate matter (PM). Government environmental agencies have been continuously establishing regulations for automobile manufacturers to reduce these emissions. Lean-burn engines operate with an excess of oxygen, which makes the reduction of NOX, challenging, with a coincident challenge for diesel engines being PM. Diesel particulate filters have been successfully employed to reduce PM. NOX storage and reduction (NSR) catalysts and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts are two promising technologies used to mitigate NOX emissions. A diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) is usually placed upstream of these to reduce hydrocarbons and CO emissions and oxidize NO to NO2, which leads to improved performance over these catalysts. In this study, the performance of DOCs and NSR catalysts, individually and in series, has been investigated as a function of temperature, gas composition, catalyst length, and catalyst configuration. The catalytic oxidation of CO, hydrocarbons, and NO, both individually and in mixtures with NO2, was investigated over a monolith-supported DOC. The data clearly show mutual inhibition effects between these species. Addition of each gas to the inlet gas mixture caused an increase in the light-off temperatures of the other species, mainly due to site adsorption competition. CO was less affected by other species because its light-off temperatures began prior to those of NOX and other hydrocarbons, and it is likely the primary surface species poisoning the active sites at low temperature. Hydrogen production via hydrocarbon steam reforming and water gas shift reactions was also investigated over a DOC during steady-state and cycling conditions (to mimic NSR catalyst operation) along the catalyst length. C3H6 and dodecane steam reforming started at 375 and 450°C, respectively, whereas the water gas shift reaction started at 225°C, and proceeded further than hydrocarbon steam reforming in terms of H2 production. It should be mentioned that H2 production via the hydrocarbon steam reforming and water gas shift reactions during cycling experiments, was higher than that observed during steady-state experiments. According to temperature programmed oxidation experiments performed after steam reforming, the better performance during cyclic operation is because less coke was deposited compared to that with steady-state experiments. Experiments were also performed over a NSR catalyst. The evaluations included testing the performance as a function of NOX source, NO or NO2, testing different regeneration protocols, and evaluating different reducing agents (hydrocarbons, H2, or CO). For NO and NO2 as the NOX source, the trapping and reduction performance was better when NO2 was used at all operating temperatures except 300ºC, likely due to high NO oxidation activity and rapid trapping of NO2 at 300ºC. Numerous reasons were provided to explain the improved performance with NO2 at other tested temperatures. The foremost reason though, is treating the monolith as an integral reactor. With NO2 as the NOX source, NO2 can be readily trapped at the very inlet and along the catalyst length, resulting in a higher trapping amount. Along the same concept, the released NOX from the inlet of the catalyst has more residence time and contact with downstream Pt sites, but more importantly more interaction between reductant and stored NOX. In the second set of experiments, different regeneration protocols were used. Different regeneration times, 4, 8 and 16 seconds with 4, 2, and 1% H2 as the reductant amounts, and constant lean times were evaluated. The data clearly show an improvement with longer regeneration times in both NOX trapping and overall reduction performance at all temperatures except 500°C, where the more significant NOX release resulted in an overall decrease in NOX conversion with increasing regeneration time. The improved performance at the lower temperatures is due to more extensive nitrate/nitrite decomposition with longer regeneration times, thus leading to more extensive surface cleaning. The performance of the NSR catalyst was also investigated using hydrocarbons, H2, or CO as reducing agents. H2 was found the best at T ≤ 250°C, where the decreased performance with CO and hydrocarbons was due to Pt site poisoning at 200°C and as a result of slow kinetics at 250°C. CO and hydrocarbons, however, proved to regenerate the catalyst as efficiently as H2 at T ≥ 300°C. Hydrogen production via steam reforming experiments can not explain the improved performance with hydrocarbons, since propylene steam reforming occurred at 375°C, with only a small amount of H2 generated, and dodecane or m-xylene reforming did not occur below 450°C. TPR data show that propylene started to activate as low as 217°C and the complete reduction of NO by propylene was achieved at 287°C. For surface chemisorbed NOX species, propylene was observed to reduce these species at T > 200°C, with high rates by 264°C, with this activity eventually leading to comparable performance with either CO or H2 at similar temperatures during NOX cycling experiments. The performance of two different hybrid DOC+NSR systems was also investigated. In the first configuration, a DOC and NSR catalyst were placed in series while in the other configuration, the DOC and NSR catalysts were divided into two equal volumes and placed in series (DOC + NSR + DOC + NSR). Overall, the data show an increase in the NOX performance with the split configuration at all temperatures tested, with small changes at 200°C due to poisoning effects of Pt and Ba sites by CO and hydrocarbons being significant. The improved performance with the split configuration was related to further NO oxidation occurring over the 2nd DOC, more H2 formed from steam reforming and WGS reactions, and reduced inhibition of the WGS reaction by hydrocarbons.