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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Sistem?tica para implementa??o de Redes Definidas por Software em Data Center / Systematics for Implementation of Software Defined Networks in ?Data Centers?

Marcusso, Diego Berlim 31 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-12-07T10:46:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO BERLIM MARCUSSO.pdf: 3209233 bytes, checksum: fced0eb7feea90acdd9b13898bc2d44f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-07T10:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO BERLIM MARCUSSO.pdf: 3209233 bytes, checksum: fced0eb7feea90acdd9b13898bc2d44f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas / The present dissertation work has as main objective analyses the Data communication networks for Data Centers, that have undergone a major technical evolution in recent years due to problems and limitations of conventional networks, such as lack of network availability, poor performance, inefficient use of installed network components, complexity and agility in the provision of new applications. These and other problems motivated the development of new technologies more flexible and configurable according to the particular need of each client. Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology found in most network equipment and vendors addresses these issues and brings more efficiency and simplicity to the provisioning of new network resources. This work presents a method for implementing SDN in Data Center in Brazil and also a comparative that analyzes the conventional network model and the SDN based model. This comparison is made based on functional aspects such as provisioning, Quality of Service (QoS), security and others. In order to compare the two technologies, a scenario was created with several network nodes and simulated the provisioning of a new application with several network requirements. The result obtained shows that the systematics can be applied to clients that wish to implement new networks for Data Center or migrate their conventional networks to the SDN model in a structured way, mapping all technical and business needs for network implementation, creating a database testing, determining the most appropriate solution for the environment and testing it in a controlled environment. / O presente trabalho de disserta??o tem como principal objetivo analisar as redes de comunica??o de dados para Data Centers, que sofreram grande evolu??o t?cnica nos ?ltimos anos devido a problemas e limita??es das redes convencionais, como falta de disponibilidade na rede, baixo desempenho, utiliza??o ineficiente dos componentes de rede instalados, complexidade e atraso no provisionamento de novas aplica??es. Esses e outros problemas motivaram o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias mais flex?veis e configur?veis de acordo com a necessidade particular de cada cliente. A tecnologia Software Defined Networking (SDN), presente na maioria dos fabricantes de equipamentos e solu??es de rede, endere?a esses problemas e traz mais efici?ncia e simplicidade no provisionamento de novos recursos de rede. Neste trabalho, ser? apresentada uma sistem?tica para implementa??o de SDN. O resultado obtido ilustra que tal sistem?tica pode ser aplicada em clientes que desejam implementar novas redes para Data Center ou migrar suas redes convencionais para o modelo SDN de forma estruturada, mapeando todas as necessidades t?cnicas e de neg?cio para implementa??o da rede, criando uma base de testes, determinando a solu??o mais adequada ao ambiente e testando-a em ambiente controlado.
12

Modelagem, policiamento e escalonamento em redes Ethernet PON / Traffic modelling, policing and scheduling in Ethernet passive optical networks

Pereira, Flavio de Melo 25 July 2006 (has links)
Orientadores: Dalton Soares Arantes, Nelson Luis Saldanha da Fonseca / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T07:59:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_FlaviodeMelo_D.pdf: 3025086 bytes, checksum: 2baf4e2cf83a53c366092610c84e1bdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma nova proposta de modelagem, policiamento e escalonamento de tráfego em redes Ethernet com elementos ápticos passivos. Esta proposta visa ao suporte a garantias de desempenho individuais para os fluxos. Propomos um processo envelope denominado Processo de Chegada com Limitante Fracionário para a representação de tráfego multimidia com características fractais. Com base neste modelo, propomos o uso do algoritmo do balde furado para o policiamento do tráfego. Para o escalonamento de tráfego, propomos uma nova política em que a rede reserva uma parcela minima de banda para cada fluxo, sendo que os fluxos com demanda reprimida recebem uma parcela justa dos recursos ociosos. Para esta política, denominada Compartilhamento Proporcional com Reserva de Carga, estabelecemos as condições de estabilidade da rede e apresentamos expressões limitantes para a justiça e para o atraso dos fluxos / Abstract: We propose new framework for traffic modelling, policing and scheduling in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks. This framework aims at providing performance guarantees to individual flows in access networks. We propose a new envelope process called Fractional Bounded Arrival Process for selfsimilar 'multimedia traffic representation. The policing of such a kind of traffic by using the leaky bucket algorithm is also proposed. We present a novel discipline for scheduling the upstream flows in EPON networks. In such a discipline, which is calle4 Proportional Sharing with Load Reservation, each flow is guaranteed a minimum share of bandwidth and the unused bandwidth is fairly distributed among them in proportion to their own demands and priorities. We analyze the performance of the proposed discipline and provide fairness and delay bounds on a per-flow basis / Doutorado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
13

Predi??o de Falhas em Sistemas de Telecomunica??es utilizando Algoritmos de Gera??o de ?rvores de Decis?o / Prediction of Failures in Telecommunication Systems using Decision Tree Generation Algorithms

Lima, Jos? Divino de 31 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-02-21T17:47:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSE DIVINO DE LIMA.pdf: 3046765 bytes, checksum: a793279094d547961482cafe99be62cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-21T17:47:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSE DIVINO DE LIMA.pdf: 3046765 bytes, checksum: a793279094d547961482cafe99be62cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / The present dissertation work analyses telecommunication systems failures caused by internal and external agents. This analysis can be very challenging since such systems are complex and heterogeneous. Within this context, this work proposed a model that can be used to predict consequent failures from data samples. To do so, we have used a data mining tool and prediction algorithms that create decision trees. Applying the proposed model to a set of faults, generated by the system of a major telecommunications operator, it was demonstrated that it is possible to group faults with an accuracy of 85.96%. In this way, a process can be established that assists in the definition of grouping and correlation of failures, which allows that high level management systems can be configured more efficiently by their administrators. / O presente trabalho de disserta??o tem como principal objetivo a an?lise dos sistemas de telecomunica??o, os quais est?o cada vez mais complexos e heterog?neos e, em fun??o disso, suscet?veis a diversos tipos de falhas causadas tanto por fatores internos como externos, sendo estes ?ltimos devido ? integra??o com sistemas de terceiros. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho apresenta, ent?o, um modelo que pode ser utilizado para prever falhas consequentes a partir de uma amostra de dados. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma ferramenta de minera??o de dados e algoritmos de predi??o, que criam ?rvores de decis?o. Aplicado o modelo proposto a um conjunto de falhas, gerado pelo sistema de uma grande operadora de telecomunica??es, demonstrou-se que ? poss?vel agrupar falhas com precis?o de 85,96%. Logo, pode-se estabelecer um processo que auxilia na defini??o do agrupamento e correla??o de falhas, permitindo que os sistemas de gest?o de alto n?vel possam ser configurados de maneira mais eficiente pelos administradores.
14

Providing QoS To Real-time And Data Applications In 3G Wireless Systems

Anand, Kunde 02 1900 (has links)
In this thesis we address the problem of providing end-to-end quality of service (QoS) to real-time and data connections in a third generation (3G) cellular network based on the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) standard. Data applications usually use TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and the QoS is a minimum guaranteed mean throughput. For this one first needs to compute the throughput of a TCP connection sending its traffic through the UMTS network (possibly also through the wired part of the Internet). Thus we obtain closed form expressions for a TCP throughput in a UMTS environment. For downloading data at a mobile terminal, the packets of each TCP connection are stored in separate queues at the base station (node B). These are fragmented into Protocol Data Units (PDU). The link layer uses ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request). Thus there can be significant random transmission/queueing delays of TCP packets at the node B. On the other hand the link may not be fully utilized due to the delays of the TCP packets in the rest of the network. In such a scenario the existing models of TCP may not be sufficient. Thus we provide new approximate models for TCP and also obtain new closed form expressions of mean window size. Using these we obtain the throughput of a TCP connection for the scenario where the queueing delays are non-negligible compared to the overall Round Trip Time (RTT) and also the link utilization is less than one. Our approximate models can be useful not only in the UMTS context but also else where. In the second half of the thesis, we use these approximate models of TCP to provide minimum mean throughput to data connections in UMTS. We also consider real-time applications such as voice and video. These can tolerate a little packet loss (~1%) but require an upper Bound on the delay and delay jitter (≤ 150 ms). Thus if the network provides a constant bandwidth and the received SINR is above a specified threshold ( with a certain probability), QoS for the real-time traffic will be satisfied. The 3G cellular systems are interference limited. Thus wise allocation of power is critical in these systems. Hence we consider the problem of providing end-to-end QoS to different users along with the minimization of the downlink power allocation.
15

Measuring the Technical and Process Benefits of Test Automation based on Machine Learning in an Embedded Device / Undersökning av teknik- och processorienterade fördelar med testautomation baserad på maskininlärning i ett inbyggt system

Olsson, Jakob January 2018 (has links)
Learning-based testing is a testing paradigm that combines model-based testing with machine learning algorithms to automate the modeling of the SUT, test case generation, test case execution and verdict construction. A tool that implements LBT been developed at the CSC school at KTH called LBTest. LBTest utilizes machine learning algorithms with off-the-shelf equivalence- and model-checkers, and the modeling of user requirements by propositional linear temporal logic. In this study, it is be investigated whether LBT may be suitable for testing a micro bus architecture within an embedded telecommunication device. Furthermore ideas to further automate the testing process by designing a data model to automate user requirement generation are explored. / Inlärningsbaserad testning är en testningsparadigm som kombinerar model-baserad testning med maskininlärningsalgoritmer för att automatisera systemmodellering, testfallsgenering, exekvering av tester och utfallsbedömning. Ett verktyg som är byggt på LBT är LBTest, utvecklat på CSC skolan på KTH. LBTest nyttjar maskininlärningsalgoritmer med färdiga ekvivalent- och model-checkers, och modellerar användarkrav med linjär temporal logik. I denna studie undersöks det om det är lämpat att använda LBT för att testa en mikrobus arkitektur inom inbyggda telekommunikationsenheter. Utöver det undersöks även hur testprocessen skulle kunna ytterligare automatiseras med hjälp av en data modell för att automatisera generering av användarkrav.
16

Balanced antennas for mobile handset applications. Simulation and Measurement of Balanced Antennas for Mobile Handsets, investigating Specific Absorption Rate when operated near the human body, and a Coplanar Waveguide alternative to the Balanced Feed.

Alhaddad, A.G. January 2012 (has links)
The main objectives of this research are to investigate and design low profile antennas for mobile handsets applications using the balanced concept. These antennas are considered to cover a wide range of wireless standards such as: DCS (1710¿1880 MHz), PCS (1850¿1990 MHz), UMTS (1920¿2170 MHz), WLAN (2400¿2500 MHz and 5000 ¿ 5800 MHz) and UWB frequency bands. Various antennas are implemented based on built-in planar dipole with a folded arm structure. The performance of several designed antennas in terms of input return loss, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency and power gain are presented and several remarkable results are obtained. The measurements confirm the theoretical design concept and show reasonable agreement with computations. The stability performance of the proposed antenna is also evaluated by analysing the current distribution on the mobile phone ground plane. The specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna is also studied experimentally by measuring antenna near field exposure. The measurement results are correlated with the calculated ones. A new dual-band balanced antenna using coplanar waveguide structure is also proposed, discussed and tested; this is intended to eliminate the balanced feed network. The predicted and measured results show good agreement, confirming good impedance bandwidth characteristics and excellent dual-band performance. In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with a dual band balanced antenna structure covering the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands is presented. Results for several test cases of antenna locations on the body are presented and discussed. The near and far fields were incorporated to provide a full understanding of the impact on human tissue. The cumulative distribution function of the radiation efficiency and absorbed power are also evaluated. / UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
17

Balanced antennas for mobile handset applications : simulation and measurement of balanced antennas for mobile handsets, investigating specific absorption rate when operated near the human body, and a coplanar waveguide alternative to the balanced feed

Alhaddad, Abdolrauf Gawad January 2012 (has links)
The main objectives of this research are to investigate and design low profile antennas for mobile handsets applications using the balanced concept. These antennas are considered to cover a wide range of wireless standards such as: DCS (1710-1880 MHz), PCS (1850-1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), WLAN (2400-2500 MHz and 5000-5800 MHz) and UWB frequency bands. Various antennas are implemented based on built-in planar dipole with a folded arm structure. The performance of several designed antennas in terms of input return loss, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency and power gain are presented and several remarkable results are obtained. The measurements confirm the theoretical design concept and show reasonable agreement with computations. The stability performance of the proposed antenna is also evaluated by analysing the current distribution on the mobile phone ground plane. The specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna is also studied experimentally by measuring antenna near field exposure. The measurement results are correlated with the calculated ones. A new dual-band balanced antenna using coplanar waveguide structure is also proposed, discussed and tested; this is intended to eliminate the balanced feed network. The predicted and measured results show good agreement, confirming good impedance bandwidth characteristics and excellent dual-band performance. In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with a dual band balanced antenna structure covering the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands is presented. Results for several test cases of antenna locations on the body are presented and discussed. The near and far fields were incorporated to provide a full understanding of the impact on human tissue. The cumulative distribution function of the radiation efficiency and absorbed power are also evaluated.
18

Μελέτη και ανάλυση μηχανισμών βελτιστοποίησης ελέγχου ισχύος σε κινητά δίκτυα επικοινωνιών / Study and analysis of power control optimisation mechanisms in mobile communication networks

Κόκκινος, Βασίλειος 12 April 2010 (has links)
Ο ταχύτατα εξελισσόμενος τομέας των δικτύων κινητών επικοινωνιών έχει επιφέρει μία ιδιαίτερα αυξανόμενη απαίτηση για ασύρματη, πολυμεσική επικοινωνία. Στη ραγδαία εξέλιξη του τομέα αυτού συμβάλουν τα μέγιστα και οι απαιτήσεις της σύγχρονης αγοράς για ένα ενοποιημένο και λειτουργικό σύστημα κινητής τηλεφωνίας παρέχοντας παράλληλα πληθώρα ευρυζωνικών υπηρεσιών ψηφιακού περιεχομένου στους πελάτες - χρήστες του. Είναι γεγονός ότι τα τελευταία χρόνια τα δίκτυα επικοινωνιών τρίτης γενιάς (3G) - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) γνωρίζουν μεγάλη άνθηση και η χρήση τους έχει επεκταθεί στις περισσότερες ευρωπαϊκές χώρες, όπως και στην Ελλάδα. Τα νέα αυτά κινητά δίκτυα αντικαθιστούν τα υπάρχοντα κινητά δίκτυα δεύτερης γενιάς και επιπλέον προσφέρουν προηγμένες υπηρεσίες στους κινητούς χρήστες. Ωστόσο, η αδήριτη ανάγκη για μεγαλύτερες (ευρυζωνικές) ταχύτητες πρόσβασης οδήγησε στην περαιτέρω ανάπτυξη των 3G δικτύων και στην υιοθέτηση νέων τεχνολογιών, με κυριότερο εκπρόσωπο τους την τεχνολογία High Speed Packet Access (HSPA). Η τεχνολογία HSPA αποτελεί τη φυσιολογική μετεξέλιξη του UMTS, η οποία πολλές φορές συναντάται και ως 3.5G ή 3G+, προκειμένου να δηλώσει την αναβάθμιση του 3G (UMTS) προτύπου. Ωστόσο, παρά το γεγονός ότι η τεχνολογία HSPA αναμένεται να προσφέρει τη δυνατότητα παροχής πληθώρας ευρυζωνικών υπηρεσιών, το 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), που αποτελεί τον οργανισμό που προτυποποιεί τις νέες τεχνολογίες και ορίζει τις προδιαγραφές τους, ήδη μελετά και επεξεργάζεται νέες τεχνολογίες που θα επικρατήσουν την αμέσως επόμενη δεκαετία στην αγορά των κινητών επικοινωνιών. Το νέο αυτό project αποκαλείται Long Term Evolution (LTE) και στοχεύει στην επίτευξη ακόμη υψηλότερων ρυθμών μετάδοσης σε συνδυασμό με την αξιοποίηση μεγαλύτερου εύρος ζώνης. Κύρια προοπτική του LTE αποτελεί η διασφάλιση της ανταγωνιστικότητας και η επικράτηση του προτύπου στο χρονικό ορίζοντα της επόμενης δεκαετίας. Κατά συνέπεια, η αγορά κινητών επικοινωνιών σταδιακά μεταλλάσσεται προς τη δημιουργία δικτύων κινητών επικοινωνιών επόμενης γενιάς, με απώτερο σκοπό την επίτευξη της αποκαλούμενης «Κινητής Ευρυζωνικότητας» (Mobile Broadband). Ταυτόχρονα με την εκτεταμένη εξάπλωση των δικτύων κινητών επικοινωνιών επόμενης γενιάς καθώς και τις αυξημένες δυνατότητες των κινητών συσκευών, οι πάροχοι πολυμεσικού περιεχομένου και υπηρεσιών ενδιαφέρονται όλο και περισσότερο για την υποστήριξη της πολυεκπομπής (multicasting) δεδομένων στα δίκτυα αυτά με σκοπό την αποτελεσματική διαχείριση και επαναχρησιμοποίηση των διαθέσιμων πόρων του δικτύου. Επιπρόσθετα, οι χρήστες των κινητών δικτύων έχουν πλέον την απαίτηση να προσπελαύνουν εφαρμογές και υπηρεσίες οι οποίες μέχρι σήμερα μπορούσαν να διατεθούν αποκλειστικά από τα συμβατικά ενσύρματα δίκτυα. Έτσι λοιπόν στις μέρες μας γίνεται λόγος για υπηρεσίες πραγματικού χρόνου όπως mobile TV, mobile gaming, mobile streaming κ.α. Ένα από τα σημαντικότερα βήματα των δικτύων κινητών επικοινωνιών προς την κατεύθυνση της παροχής νέων, προηγμένων πολυμεσικών υπηρεσιών είναι η εισαγωγή της υπηρεσίας Multimedia Broadcast / Multicast Service (MBMS). Η υπηρεσία MBMS έχει σαν κύριο σκοπό την υποστήριξη IP εφαρμογών πανεκπομπής (broadcact) και πολυεκπομπής (multicast), επιτρέποντας με αυτό τον τρόπο την παροχή υπηρεσιών υψηλού ρυθμού μετάδοσης σε πολλαπλούς χρήστες με οικονομικό τρόπο. Η multicast μετάδοση δεδομένων σε κινητά δίκτυα επικοινωνιών είναι μια σχετικά νέα λειτουργικότητα η οποία βρίσκεται ακόμη στο στάδιο των δοκιμών και της προτυποποίησης της. Ένας multicast μηχανισμός μεταδίδει τα δεδομένα μόνο μία φορά πάνω από κάθε ασύρματο σύνδεσμο που αποτελεί τμήμα των μονοπατιών προς τους προορισμούς-κινητούς χρήστες. Το κρισιμότερο σημείο που εντοπίζεται κατά τη multicast μετάδοση δεδομένων στα κινητά δίκτυα επικοινωνιών είναι ο αποτελεσματικός έλεγχος ισχύος. Οι σταθμοί βάσης των κυψελωτών αυτών δικτύων διαθέτουν περιορισμένους πόρους ισχύος, γεγονός που περιορίζει τη χωρητικότητα της κυψέλης (cell) και επιβάλλει τη χρήση μίας βέλτιστης στρατηγικής για την όσο το δυνατόν καλύτερη αξιοποίηση των διαθέσιμων πόρων ισχύος. Ο έλεγχος ισχύος στοχεύει στη μείωση της εκπεμπόμενης ισχύος, στην ελαχιστοποίηση του θορύβου στο κυψελωτό δίκτυο και κατά συνέπεια στη διασφάλιση μεγαλύτερης χωρητικότητας επιπλέον χρηστών. Ένα από τα βασικότερα στοιχεία του ελέγχου ισχύος στα δίκτυα κινητών επικοινωνιών επόμενης γενιάς κατά τη multicast μετάδοση πολυμεσικών δεδομένων αποτελεί η επιλογή του κατάλληλου καναλιού μεταφοράς για τη μετάδοση των δεδομένων στον κινητό χρήστη. Συγκεκριμένα, πρόκειται για ένα κρίσιμο ζήτημα το οποίο είναι ακόμα υπό εξέταση στο 3GPP. Προς την κατεύθυνση αυτή, στο MBMS πρότυπο έχουν αναπτυχθεί διάφοροι μηχανισμοί, με χαρακτηριστικό τον MBMS Counting Mechanism. Στόχος του μηχανισμού αυτού είναι η βελτιστοποίηση της ροής δεδομένων για την υπηρεσία MBMS, όταν αυτά διέρχονται από τις διεπαφές του UMTS/HSPA δικτύου. Ωστόσο, η υπάρχουσα μορφή του μηχανισμού αυτού, καθώς και των αρκετών άλλων μηχανισμών που έχουν προταθεί από το 3GPP, διακρίνεται από πολλές αδυναμίες που δεν επιτρέπουν την αποτελεσματική και μαζική μετάδοση πολυμεσικών δεδομένων. Τα σημαντικότερα προβλήματα των μηχανισμών αυτών είναι η απουσία ευρυζωνικών χαρακτηριστικών καθώς και η σπατάλη σημαντικού τμήματος των ούτως ή άλλως περιορισμένων πόρων ισχύος. Εν γένει, η επιλογή του κατάλληλου καναλιού μεταφοράς των πολυμεσικών δεδομένων στο ασύρματο μέσο είναι μια δύσκολη διαδικασία καθώς μια λανθασμένη επιλογή καναλιού μπορεί να οδηγήσει στην αστοχία μίας ολόκληρης κυψέλης. Γίνεται σαφές λοιπόν, ότι απαιτείται μία βελτιωμένη έκδοση των υπαρχόντων μηχανισμών για την αποτελεσματικότερη και οικονομικότερη μετάδοση πολυμεσικού περιεχομένου σε μεγάλο πλήθος χρηστών. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα παραπάνω, στόχος της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η μελέτη του ελέγχου ισχύος στα δίκτυα κινητών επικοινωνιών επόμενης γενιάς καθώς και η ανάπτυξη νέων μεθόδων/μηχανισμών για τη βελτιστοποίηση του. Ιδιαίτερο χαρακτηριστικό της διατριβής αυτής είναι η ενσωμάτωση και η «εκμετάλλευση» όλων των ιδιαίτερων χαρακτηριστικών της HSPA τεχνολογίας στην MBMS υπηρεσία. Προς αυτή την κατεύθυνση, στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αναλύονται και αξιολογούνται όλα τα υπάρχοντα κανάλια μεταφοράς του UMTS και της τεχνολογίας HSPA τα οποία μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για τη multicast μετάδοση MBMS υπηρεσιών. Η αξιολόγηση γίνεται με βάση την απαιτούμενη ισχύ που πρέπει να ανατεθεί από το σταθμό βάσης για καθένα από αυτά, και κατά συνέπεια με βάση το ρυθμό μετάδοσης τους, τον αριθμό των χρηστών που μπορούν να εξυπηρετήσουν, την ποιότητα υπηρεσιών για κάθε χρήστη, τη μέγιστη δυνατή κάλυψη της κυψέλης κ.α. Οι ιδιαίτερα αυξημένες απαιτήσεις των MBMS υπηρεσιών μας οδήγησαν στη συνέχεια στη διερεύνηση και αξιολόγηση ορισμένων τεχνικών μείωσης της εκπεμπόμενης ισχύος, με απώτερο σκοπό την αποδοτικότερη χρήση των πόρων του συστήματος κατά τη μετάδοση MBMS υπηρεσιών. Ενδεικτικά αναφέρουμε πως μία MBMS υπηρεσία με ρυθμό μετάδοσης 128 Kbps μπορεί να καταναλώσει έως και το 80% των πόρων ισχύος ενός σταθμού βάσης. Επομένως, γίνεται κατανοητό ότι η μετάδοση MBMS υπηρεσιών με τόσο υψηλούς ρυθμούς μετάδοσης καθίσταται δύσκολη έως και αδύνατη. Για την αντιμετώπιση αυτού του προβλήματος έχουν αναπτυχθεί τεχνικές, όπως η FACH Dynamic Power Setting, η Macro Diversity Combining και το Rate Splitting, ικανές να μειώσουν τα επίπεδα ισχύος κατά τη μετάδοση multicast δεδομένων στους MBMS χρήστες. Η διδακτορική αυτή διατριβή εξετάζει την αποδοτικότητα της χρήσης αυτών των τεχνικών εξοικονόμησης ισχύος και παρουσιάζει πειραματικά αποτελέσματα που αποκαλύπτουν το ποσό ισχύος που εξοικονομείται από κάθε μία τεχνική. Η αξιολόγηση τόσο των καναλιών μεταφοράς όσο και των τεχνικών μείωσης ισχύος θα οδηγήσει στην εύρεση ενός κατάλληλου σχήματος/μηχανισμού, ο οποίος θα εξασφαλίζει την αποδοτική εναλλαγή μεταξύ των διάφορων τύπων καναλιών κατά τη μετάδοση MBMS υπηρεσιών. Ο μηχανισμός αυτός, τον οποίο καλούμε MBMS Channel Assignment Mechanism (ή χάριν συντομίας «MCAM»), αναμένεται να εξασφαλίσει βελτιωμένη απόδοση σε σχέση με τους αντίστοιχους μηχανισμούς που έχουν προταθεί από το 3GPP, μείωση της καταναλισκόμενης ισχύος και κατά συνέπεια αύξηση της χωρητικότητας των κινητών δικτύων επόμενης γενιάς. Ωστόσο, το πιο αξιοπρόσεκτο πλεονέκτημα του προτεινόμενου μηχανισμού, που ουσιαστικά τον διαφοροποιεί από τις άλλες προσεγγίσεις, είναι ότι προσαρμόζεται στις αυξημένες απαιτήσεις των κινητών δικτύων επόμενης γενιάς για ταυτόχρονη παροχή πολλαπλών πολυμεσικών συνόδων. Το γεγονός αυτό μπορεί να επιτρέψει τη μαζική μετάδοση πολυμεσικών δεδομένων σε πληθώρα κινητών χρηστών, θέτοντας κατά τον τρόπο αυτό τον MCAM σαν έναν ισχυρό υποψήφιο για τα δίκτυα επόμενης γενιάς. / The rapid growth of mobile communications networks has involved an increasing demand for wireless, multimedia communication. The fast development of this area was mainly motivated by the requirements of modern market for a unified and functional system of mobile communications that, at the same time, may provide numerous broadband services to its users. More specifically, in the recent years, the usage of third generation (3G) - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) cellular networks has begun to rise in most European countries, as in Greece. 3G networks have replaced the second generation mobile networks and moreover, are in position of offering advanced services to mobile users. However, the need for higher (broadband) speeds led to the further development of 3G networks and to the adoption of new technologies, with main representative the High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) technology. HSPA constitutes the evolution of UMTS and is known as 3.5G or 3G+ in order to indicate the upgrade from UMTS. However, despite the fact that HSPA technology is expected to allow the provision of numerous broadband services, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the authorized organization for the standardization of new mobile technologies, already examines new technologies that will prevail in the mobile communications industry over the next decades. This novel project is known as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and aims at achieving increased data rates and reduced latency compared to UMTS and HSPA networks. Therefore, the mobile communications industry progressively evolves to next generation networks, with main target the achievement of the so called “Mobile Broadband”. Simultaneously, multimedia content and service providers show an increased interest in supporting multicast data in order to effectively manage and re-use the available network resources. Additionally, more and more users require access to applications and services that until today could only be accessed by conventional wired networks. Thus, real time applications and services may face low penetration today; however, they are expected to gain high interest in future mobile networks. These applications actually reflect a modern, future way of communication among mobile users. For instance, mobile TV is expected to be a “killer” application for 3G’s. Such mobile TV services include streaming live TV (news, weather forecasts etc.) and streaming video (such as video clips). All the above constitute a series of indicative emerging applications that necessitate advanced transmission techniques. One of the most significant steps towards the provision of such demanding services is the introduction of Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS). MBMS is a point-to-multipoint service in which data is transmitted from a single source entity to multiple destinations, allowing the networks resources to be shared. Actually, MBMS extends the existing UMTS infrastructure and efficiently uses network and radio resources, both in the core network and most importantly, in the air interface of UMTS, where the bottleneck is placed to a large group of users. Therefore, MBMS constitutes an efficient way to support the plethora of the emerging wireless multimedia applications and services such as IP video conferencing and video streaming. The main requirement during the provision of MBMS multicast services is to make an efficient overall usage of radio and network resources. This necessity mainly translates into improved power control strategies, since the base stations’ transmission power is the limiting factor of downlink capacity in UMTS networks. Under this prism, power control is one of the most critical aspects in MBMS due to the fact that downlink transmission power in UMTS networks is a limited resource and must be shared efficiently among all MBMS users in a cell. Moreover, power control aims at minimizing the transmitted power, eliminating in this way the intercell interference. However, when misused, the use of power control may lead to a high level of wasted power and worse performance results. In order to have efficient power control in MBMS, one of the most critical aspects is the selection of the transport channel for the transmission of MBMS multicast traffic. MBMS services can be provided in each cell by either multiple point-to-point (PTP) channels or by a single point-to-multipoint (PTM) channel. A wrong channel selection may result to a significant capacity decrease, thus, preventing the mass delivery of multimedia applications. It is worth mentioning that channel selection is still an open issue in today’s MBMS infrastructure mainly due to its catalytic role in MBMS performance. In the frame of MBMS power control and transport channel selection several approaches have been proposed, with main representative the 3GPP MBMS Counting Mechanism. However, none of these approaches performs optimal transport channel selection either due to the fact that some of them do not consider the power consumption as the selection criterion or because of the fact that they do not consider all the available transport channels (or combination of them) for the transmission of the MBMS data. All the above stress the need for an advanced version of these mechanisms that could deliver multimedia content to a large number of mobile users in a more efficient and economic way. After taking into account the above analysis, objective of this dissertation is the study of power control issues in next generation mobile communication networks and the development of new approaches/ mechanisms for its optimization. To this direction, this dissertation analyzes and evaluates all the available UMTS and HSPA transport channels that could be used for the transmission of MBMS multicast services. Moreover, this dissertation investigates and evaluates several power saving techniques that aim at the efficient usage of radio and network resources. Techniques, such as Dynamic Power Setting, Macro Diversity Combining and Rate Splitting are capable of decreasing the power consumption during the provision of MBMS services and may enable the mass market delivery of multimedia services to mobile users. The evaluation of the available transport channels and power saving techniques will lead to the development of a novel scheme/mechanism that will enable the efficient selection of transport channels for the transmission of MBMS services. The proposed mechanism, which we call MBMS Channel Assignment Mechanism (or «MCAM»), is expected to optimally utilize the available power resources of base stations to MBMS sessions running in the network, resulting in that way to an extensive increase on the system’s capacity. Therefore, MCAM may allow the mass provision of multimedia data to a large number of mobile users, which makes MCAM a strong candidate for next generation networks.

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