Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate relations between aspects of cognitive control and emotion in typically developing children, 7 to 9 years of age. This was investigated by examining performance on n-back working memory tasks that varied according to the level of cognitive control and emotion (e.g., faces, reward value) processing required. Relations between n-back performance and parental questionnaires of behavior were also examined. Participants & Methods: Participants included 77 typically developing children, 7 to 9 years of age. Each participant completed two novel n-back tasks. The first task involved working memory (0-back, 1-back, and 2-back levels) for emotional faces (neutral, happy, sad). The second task involved working memory (0-back, 1-back, and 2-back levels) for number stimuli with differing levels of reward (two tokens, six tokens). Matrix Reasoning was also completed as a screening measure of cognitive function. Parents completed a Child History questionnaire, the BRIEF, Conners 3 AI-Parent, and the Emotion Questionnaire. iv Results: No significant main effect was found for emotive content of stimuli or reward value. A significant effect of n-back level was found, both in terms of per hit RT and accuracy rates for both Emotive and Reward n-back. Significant relations were found between age and Sad conditions on 1-back and 2-back of the Emotive n-back, as well as 2-back conditions in the Reward n-back. No relations were found between BRIEF scales and performance on either n-back task. Significant correlations were found between Emotionality and accuracy measures of the Reward n-back task. Conclusions: This study made several important contributions to understanding emotion and cognitive control interplay. These contributions include introducing novel tasks for assessing this interplay, and providing insight on developmental relations and interaction between emotion and working memory and individual differences in emotionality in day to day life. Results are discussed with respect to theories of emotional and cognitive control interplay, temperament and individual differences, and the development of cognitive control. Directions for future research and implications are discussed.

The thesis deals with the optimization of the use of corporate structures to increase the performance of the organization and the achievement of corporate objectives. The thesis analyzes the job in a company in terms of product characteristics, activities, conditions, actions and assumptions activities. The thesis includes an analysis of skills and competencies of individual employees. The design elements are formulated descriptions of new jobs and their integration into corporate structures, proposals for re-training, training and termination of employment with the company staff. The economic evaluation of the thesis are clearly summarized the calculations of costs and benefits.

L’étude de la Régulation Emotionnelle (RE) et du tempérament chez l’enfant d’âge scolaire est au cœur de ce travail de thèse. En raison du manque d’outils satisfaisants, un premier questionnaire a été développé pour évaluer les compétences de RE et une seconde échelle a été traduite pour permettre la caractérisation du tempérament. D’après les rapports parentaux, il semble qu’avec l’âge, l'enfant sollicite de moins en moins son parent lors de situations émotionnelles et devienne apte à user de stratégies de RE intrapersonnelle pour contrôler l'émotion négative ou positive. Ceci suggère que la RE est un ensemble de compétences se développant encore en fin d’enfance. Au contraire, une stabilité de l’expression du tempérament entre 7 et 10 ans est rapportée, donnée en accord avec les données de la littérature. Enfin, l’étude de l’expression de la RE et du tempérament a été initiée chez l’enfant porteur d’un Trouble du Spectre Autistique (TSA). Selon les rapports parentaux, les enfants porteurs d’un TSA sont décrits comme usant moins de la RE interpersonnelle et comme présentant plus de difficultés de contrôle des émotions fortes (A-RE) que les enfants typiques. En outre, l’analyse intragroupe fait émerger 2 profils de RE, profils divergeant sur le plan de la RE intrapersonnelle et de l’A-RE. En couplant ces profils de RE aux 3 profils de tempérament isolés, il semble que la dimension tempéramentale contrôle volontaire soit associée aux difficultés de contrôle de l’émotion forte. Ces résultats ont une portée théorique et pratique intéressante car jusque-là les difficultés émotionnelles rencontrées chez l’enfant porteur d’un TSA n’ont jamais été évoqué en termes de tempérament. / At the heart of this thesis is the study of the expression of Emotion Regulation (ER) and temperament during middle childhood. Unfortunately, few satisfactory scales are available in French. Thus, a first questionnaire has been developed for assessing skills of ER and a second scale has been translated to provide a characterization of temperament in children. Parental reports indicate decreased use of interpersonal ER, which suggests that with age, children learn to regulate their emotions, and to use intrapersonal strategies in order to cope with positive as well as negative emotions. On the contrary, expression of temperament appears to be stable during middle childhood, and these results are in agreement with literature. Finally, in a pilot research, we have compared the expression of ER and temperament of 8 boys with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) matched on chronological age with 8 boys with typical development. According to parental reports, children with ASD use less interpersonal ER and present more difficulties to regulate intense emotions (A-RE) in comparison to typical children. Intragroup analysis revealed two patterns of ER in children with ASD. These patterns differ precisely in regards to the intrapersonal ER and A-ER. Association between profiles of ER and different profiles of temperament highlight that temperamental dimension of effortful control is linked to the level of A-ER. As until now the emotional difficulties frequently encountered/reported in children with ASD have never been mentioned in terms of temperament, the results of this thesis present new innovative theoretical and practical perspectives.

Objective: The efficacy of bariatric surgery has been proven; however, a subset of patients fails to achieve expected long-term weight loss postoperatively. As differences in surgery outcome may be influenced by heterogeneous psychological profiles in pre-bariatric patients, previous subtyping models differentiated patients based on temperament traits. The objective of the present study was to expand these models by additionally considering emotion dysregulation and disinhibited eating behaviors for subtyping, as these factors were associated with maladaptive eating behaviors and poor post-bariatric weight loss outcome. Methods: Within a prospective multicenter registry, N = 370 pre-bariatric patients were examined using interview and self-report questionnaires. A latent profile analysis was performed to identify subtypes based on temperament traits, emotion dysregulation, and disinhibited eating behaviors. Results: Five pre-bariatric subtypes were identified with specific profiles regarding self control, emotion dysregulation, and disinhibited eating behaviors. Subtypes were associated with different levels of eating disorder psychopathology, depression, and quality of life. The expanded model increased variance explanation compared to temperament-based models. Conclusion: By adding emotion dysregulation and disinhibited eating behaviors to previous subtyping models, specific pre-bariatric subtypes emerged with distinct psychological deficit patterns. Future investigations should test the predictive value of these subtypes for post bariatric weight loss and health-related outcomes.

No description available.

Title: Performance aspects in white water slalom Aim The study is a summary of articles published between the years 2006 - 2011. The aim is to present the researched issue of top - level sport in the example of white water slalom. Articles are arranged in accordance to the factors of sport performance. The first thematically include articles concerned with conditioning factors of performance, then continue articles analyzing somatic factors and at the end there are listed papers on psychological preparation and psychological factors. Methods These articles were mostly case studies which have been conducted on a sample of national team athletes or top athletes in the Czech Republic. The exception is the articles 5.3 and 5.4, which are descriptive studies on a large sample of top world class athletes. The studies used a survey and testing. Results The individual articles addressed the importance of performance indicators in white water slalom, applied to the selected factors. Results of studies are always subjected to deliberately selected files of athletes, top-level competitors in the Czech Republic and abroad. The results, therefore, cannot be generalized and applied to a population of white water slalom racers, but can show some patterns that could be accepted in practice.

This study of 509 (340 female) undergraduate university students in southern Appalachia who completed the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), is the first phase in the development of a model to predict risk for stress-related health problems. Results indicate that high negative affect strongly predicted individuals with above average anxiety (OR = 3.7, 95% CI 2.43, 5.64), while high positive affect, effortful control, and sociability predicted that individuals would be low in reported anxiety (OR = .33 [95% CI .25, .44], .29 [95% CI .19, .45], and .69 [95% CI .56, .86], respectively).

No description available.

Researchers have postulated that those with difficult temperament are at risk for difficulties with regulating emotions, are less tolerant of distressing stimuli, have characteristic difficulty coping with distress, and are (at some periods of development) more apt to experience clinically significant psychological symptoms. This study used exploratory factor analyses and structural equation modeling to compose and test a model that explained how emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and coping skills interact to explain how certain temperament features translate into psychological symptoms. Because those with difficult temperament were thought to be at a unique risk for psychological maladjustment, mean-based criterion were used to identify those with relatively difficult, typical, or easy temperament and then test whether the degree of between-group differences on study variables was statistically significant. Results of correlational and EFA analyses suggested that there were statistically significant differences between constructs that were correlated highly (i.e., distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and emotion dysregulation). Results of SEM analyses indicated that the relationship between difficult temperament and psychological maladjustment was explained partially by the way in which emotion regulation, emotion dysregulation, distress tolerance, and coping skills interact, with the strength of each mediating variable differing considerably. There were also differences in the power of the relationship between variables when correlational power was considered alone rather than in the context of the larger measurement and structural models. Future directions and implications are discussed.

Im Rahmen des 16. Jahreskongresses der GMTH hat ein Workshop stattgefunden, der sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, hörend die Sensibilität zu wecken für den Klang einer Musik in einer bestimmten Tonart bei einer jeweils historischen Stimmung. Aufgrund der vom 16. bis ins 19. Jahrhundert benutzten ungleichstufigen Temperaturen ›funktionieren‹ nämlich viele Stücke nicht in jeder beliebigen Tonart. Hieraus ergeben sich wichtige Fragen für die Interpretation, für die Komposition und Improvisation, für die Werkanalyse und schließlich für den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs. / During the 16th Annual Conference of the GMTH a workshop was held that aimed to increase the awareness for listening to the sound of a composition in a specific key (within an appropriate historical tuning). Because of the unequal temperaments used from the 16th to the 19th century, many pieces don’t ›work‹ in every key. From this, important questions arise regarding performance, composition, improvisation, analysis, and, finally, scientific discourse.