Neste trabalho foram analisados trinta processos judiciais, que tramitam pelos Fóruns Regionais Cíveis de São Paulo, capital e interior e Instituições Periciais da Capital. Fez-se as extrações individualizadas de cada processo, objetivando definir as principais causas e documentos juntados ao mesmo e conseqüências de cada condição. Iniciou-se pela importância prática do tema para efeito de evolução médico-social. Buscou-se estudar a visão da relação médico-paciente, mesmo durante a demanda, a informação ao paciente e seus familiares dos procedimentos e limitadores do ato médico; o documental técnico jurídico juntado ao processo; o preparo técnico-jurídico do médico e, se, a propositura de ação depende da formação e especialização do profissional. Foram analisados processos judiciais de primeira instância no período de 1996 a 2002 correlacionados à cirurgias do aparelho digestivo. Usou-se como parâmetro de análise exclusivamente os documentos juntados aos autos onde buscou-se a existência clara da quebra da relação médico-paciente, a existência de consentimento informado, a verificação do documental juntado à defesa pelas partes ou solicitação judicial e a qualificação do profissional envolvido nas ações. Finalmente, analisados os resultados, chegamos a conclusão que a melhor forma para profilaxia da ação cível indenizatória por erro médico é: a boa relação médico-paciente; a manutenção de prontuário médico preenchido, legível, com carimbo e assinatura; o consentimento informado, que, deve ser elaborado, porém, por si só não é suficiente; e a condição técnico curricular do profissional não é fator atenuante para propositura da ação. / Thirty legal proceedings, which are in progress before the Regional Civil Courts both the Capital and the countryside of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, besides Examination Institutions in the Capital city of Sao Paulo, have been analyzed in this work Individual excerpts of each case were taken with the purpose of defining the main causes and documentation attached to them as well the consequences of each condition. The practical importance of the subject for the medical-social evolution has been addressed in the first place. The physician/patient relationship view was sought to be studied, even during the claim, as well as the information of the medical procedures and limitations to the patient and his or her family; the technical/legal documentation attached to the case; the physician technical/legal preparation and whether the filing of the action depends on the professional education and specialization. Trial court cases from 1996 to 2002 related to digestive system surgery have been analyzed. The analysis subject hereof has been based exclusively on the documents attached to the case record, where attempts have been made to evidence the clear existence of the breach of the physician/patient relationship, the existence of informed consent, the examination of the documentation attached to the defense by the parties or court request, and the qualification of the professional involved in the actions. Finally, after the results have been analyzed, a conclusion was reached that the best way of avoiding a civil action for damages due to medical malpractice includes: a good relationship between doctors and patients; keeping the patient record completed, legible, stamped, and signed; informed consent, which must be prepared but it is not sufficient on its own; and the professional technical experience and background do not constitute a mitigating circumstance for filing the action.

O objetivo desta tese é analisar Operación masacre de Rodolfo Walsh à luz da reflexão sobre as relações entre literatura e testemunho. O trabalho tem como hipótese que Operación masacre pode ser lida como um romance de testemunho não só porque em suas páginas denuncia a prática da violência de Estado mas, sobretudo, porque essa violência gera o imperativo ético de escrever e a procura de uma forma narrativa. / The purpose of this thesis is to analise Operación masacre written by Rodolfo Walsh under the lights of reflection about the relations between literature and testimony. The work has as hypothesis that Operación masacre can be read as a testimony novel not only because in its pages denounces the State´s violence, but above all, because this violence generates the ethical imperative of writing and the search for a narrative form.

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L’objet principal de cette étude théologique est le témoignage dans le ministère sacerdotal, analysé à partir du verset Ac 1, 8 . Le milieu antiochien a été privilégié. Il donne l’unité aux textes bibliques et patristiques qui constituent les sources de la thèse. Le témoignage autorisé confié aux apôtres par Jésus Ressuscité s’exprime davantage dans l’enseignement et la liturgie que dans le gouvernement car il ne cesse pas avec la dépossession. De Paul à Ignace et Jean Chrysostome, toujours en référence aux textes prophétiques et à la parole du Christ,on voit s’élaborer une théologie du sacerdoce comme témoignage. / The main purpose of this theological research is to show the testimony in the priestly ministry. Our approach based on the words from Acts 1:8. Biblical and Patristic texts constitutes the sources of the thesis, it is the Antiochian environment that is emphasized and that grants unity to the corpus. The authorized testimony entrusted to the Apostles by Jesus is expressed more in the teaching and the liturgy than in the government because it does not cease with the dispossession. From Paul to Ignatius and John Chrysostom, referring to the prophetic texts and the Word of Christ, we see the development of a theology of the priesthood as testimony.

[pt] Corpo em ruínas: a escrita entre arquivos e o testemunho da literatura. A tese busca investigar o lugar instável da literatura do século XX através de reflexões no entorno de arquivos literários ou através de escritas que exploram o arquivo, assim como documentos, testemunhos e outros vestígios do tempo tomados como artifícios de construção textual, tendo como propósito delinear e problematizar a presença e a ascensão do arquivo na literatura do último século, propondo, por fim, que tal presença se constituirá justamente através de um ambiente literário esboçado ainda em meados do século XIX e aprofundado ao correr do século XX, em direção ao nosso século, ambiente este em que se poderá apontar, diante da falência dos modelos estanques da literatura da Modernidade, a necessidade intrínseca de se buscar, através da escrita literária, um lugar outro para a literatura, através do gesto e do esforço da escrita, trilhando-se, para tal propósito, em três conceitos, mito, melancolia e impropriedade, e um quarto, a utopia, tomada a partir da noção de não-lugar. Para tais objetivos, a pesquisa atravessa por diferentes abordagens os acervos de arquivo e as obras literárias de Fernando Pessoa, de W.G. Sebald e de Pedro Nava, além de obras de Valêncio Xavier, entre outros autores. Como temáticas complementares, a tese encontra a filologia e a crítica textual, a memória e o memorialismo, a escrita de testemunho e a literatura do trauma, a crise da representação e o desvio do realismo ao índice afetivo. / [en] Body in ruins: writing among archives and the testimony of literature. The thesis investigates the unstable place of twentieth-century literature through reflections on literature archives or through writings that explore archives, as well as documents, testimonies and other vestiges of time taken as devices for textual compositions, with the purpose of outlining and discussing the presence and the rise of the archive in the literature of the last century, proposing, finally, that such presence will be constituted precisely through a literary environment established in the mid-nineteenth century and deepened in the course of the twentieth century, toward ours, such an environment in which one may point out, before the failure of stationary models of modern literature, the intrinsic necessity of searching, through literary writing, a other place for literature, through the gesture and the effort of writing, following, for such purpose, three concepts, myth, melancholy and impropriety, and a fourth one, utopia, seen from the perspective of non-place. For these objectives, the research goes through, by different approaches, the archive collections and literary works of Fernando Pessoa, W.G. Sebald and Pedro Nava, and works of Valêncio Xavier, among other writers. As complementary topics, the thesis finds philology and textual criticism, memory and memorialism, testimony writing and the literature of trauma, the crisis of representation and a deviation of realism towards an affective index.

Cette thèse relate la conception d’une entreprise artiste créée par l’auteur, artiste entrepreneuse, dans l’intention de témoigner des mutations des villes et des choix effectués en matière de conservation ou de destruction. Urban Memory, entreprise de « rechargement en contenu mnémonique », a vu le jour en 2012 à Dresde, capitale saxonne, bombardée en 1945. Située à l’est de l’Allemagne, cette ville est en constant chantier depuis des décennies. C’est par l’intermédiaire d’une pratique artistique mêlant la peinture et la sérigraphie avec des moyens de communication mis en scène dans l’urbain qu’Urban Memory entend rendre compte des transformations du paysage architectural et accompagner les débats autour de l’identité et la mémoire de la ville. Dans une première partie, l’auteur retrace son parcours de découverte et de réflexion sur Dresde au travers de premiers travaux ; présente le contexte historique, politique et économique des mutations ; puis nous livre une analyse des entreprises artistes à partir de laquelle elle a conçu Urban Memory, son mode de fonctionnement et ses stratégies. Dans une seconde partie, l’auteur nous guide dans le centre historique de Dresde, le long de ses monuments et mémoriaux, afin de souligner tantôt l’éloquence, tantôt le silence dont sont capables de tels édifices et installations dans la ville ; puis se tourne vers la scène artistique contemporaine et ses moyens de création d’une mémoire « vivante ». Enfin, après avoir mis en lien ses propres outils artistiques et le contexte de sa recherche, l’auteur nous révèle les premières réalisations et les projets d’installation in situ de son entreprise. / This thesis examines the author’s conceptualization and establishment of an artist company with the objective of tracing urban transformations and of assessing decisions to conserve or destroy parts of the city. Urban Memory, a company that has as its goal the “recharging of mnemonic content,” was founded in Saxony’s capital city Dresden in 2012. Located in the east of Germany, this city, bombarded in 1945, has constantly been under construction in the past decades. Urban Memory takes account of the architectural landscape’s transformations and accompanies debates about the identity and memory of the city. It does so by means of a hybrid form of artistic practices—painting and serigraphy—and communication media placed in the urban context. The first section of this thesis explores the artist’s discovery and initial reflections on Dresden in the context of her first works; it explores the historical, political and economic context of the city’s transformations; and it analyzes artist companies based on which Urban Memory has been conceived as well as its basic functional framework and strategic outlook. The second part zooms in on the historical center of Dresden, its monuments and memorial sites, so as to expose both the eloquence and silence with which the built environment of the city treats its past. Moreover, this part turns to the milieu of contemporary artists and their means of creating a ‘living’ memory. Finally, after having discussed and related the artistic dimension of her project, the author presents the company’s first projects and in situ installations.

Ce travail de recherche examine la représentation de l'expérience des violences extrêmes dans l'espace fictionnel contemporain de l'Afrique subsaharienne francophone. Les nombreuses fictions en prose produites dans le sillage des conflits armés des années 90 et du génocide au Rwanda soulèvent des interrogations liées à la représentation de la douleur, de la cruauté et de la mort ainsi qu’à l'éthique de l'art. Comment le texte littéraire met-il en récit les événements traumatiques ? Comment l'écrivain pense et problématise-t-il des crises extrêmes relevant de l'histoire immédiate ? Selon quelles modalités littéraires sont-elles constituées en un objet de connaissance et de sensibilisation ? Et quelles sont les stratégies langagières et esthétiques privilégiées pour transmettre la mémoire des atrocités dans une visée de témoignage ou de réflexion critique ? Cette thèse explore la mise en écriture de ces drames collectifs qui inaugurent, sur les plans historique et socioculturel, une nouvelle ère de violence en Afrique subsaharienne. Dans ce contexte, nous nous intéressons surtout aux ouvrages qui – en raison des choix formels et stylistiques singuliers adoptés par leurs auteurs – se caractérisent par une radicalisation du discours et des scénographies particulièrement violentes. Cette étude qui, au final, interroge les pouvoirs et les possibles limites de l'art dans la représentation de faits de violence extrême analyse un vaste corpus de romans et de nouvelles parus entre 1998 et 2010 et propose une approche pluridisciplinaire, puisant, à côté des théories littéraires et esthétiques, dans l'histoire, la sociologie, l'anthropologie et la psychiatrie. / This research project examines the representation of the experience of extreme violence in the contemporary fictional space of Sub-Saharan Francophone Africa. The numerous works of prose fiction written in the wake of the armed conflicts of the 1990s and the Rwandan genocide raise questions related to the representation of pain, cruelty and death as well as to the ethics of art. How do literary texts put into narrative traumatic events? How do writers think and problematize extreme crises of immediate history? By the means of what literary modalities are these crises constituted into an object of knowledge and awareness? And what esthetic and language strategies have been privileged to convey the memory of the atrocities in order toprovide testimony or aim at critical reflection? This thesis explores the writing of the collective tragedies that, from a historical and socio-cultural perspective, mark the start of a new period of violence in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this context, we are focusing predominantly on texts that are characterized – through the distinctive choices of form and style operated by the authors – by a radicalization of discourse and particularly violent plots and esthetics. This research which interrogates the powers and the possible limits of art in the representation of facts of extreme violence analyses an extensive corpus of novels and short stories published between 1998 and 2010 and suggests a multidisciplinary approach which, next to literary and esthetic theories, draws on history, sociology, anthropology and psychiatry.

In the age of social media, many Black women use online platforms and social networks as a means of connecting with other Black women and to share their experiences of social oppression and misogynoir, anti-Black misogyny. Examining the ways that Black women use technology as a tool to actively wage resistance to racial, gender and class oppression is critical for understanding their role in the human struggle for greater peace, beauty, freedom and justice. This study explored the experiences of 12 Black women in the United States and Britain who use social media for storytelling and testimony about their lives as racial and gendered minorities. The research questions were: How do Black women in the United States and Britain use social media for storytelling and testimony about their lives as Black women? What is the lived experience of using social media for this purpose? How does the experience affect them and what meaning do they find in using social media for this purpose? Using an interpretative phenomenological approach, the researcher developed findings which show that Black women experience social media as an affirming, safe space for counter storytelling, education and transformation, negotiating identity and for connection to a larger, African diasporic identity. This research serves to increase the knowledge and scholarship about how Black women challenge damaging stereotypes and restrictive social narratives and how they use social media to challenge structural and ideological violence directed at them in an effort to promote dialogue and healing.

Mémoire en recherche-création / Un endroit familier est composé de trois portraits littéraires. L’auteur y met en relief des moments marquants de la vie de trois membres de sa famille : son grand-père maternel, qui a participé activement à un réseau de radio clandestine dans la France occupée, dans les années 1940; sa grand-mère paternelle, qui a élevé quatorze enfants à Saint-Joachim-de-Montmorency, et dont la longue vie embrasse à elle seule tout un pan de la ruralité québécoise du siècle dernier; puis son arrière-grand-mère maternelle, dont le mari est mort dans les tranchées de Champagne, durant la Première Guerre mondiale. Avec en arrière-plan le vingtième siècle, ses enthousiasmes et ses dérives, cette galerie de portraits en comprend un autre, plus discret, fragmenté, celui de l’auteur qui cherche à mieux comprendre d’où il vient. À la recherche de l’autre, ne sommes-nous pas toujours un peu à la recherche de nous-mêmes ? L’essai qui suit, intitulé Le problème de la mémoire dans le portrait littéraire, aborde le recours aux sources documentaires qu’exige le genre, de même que l’incidence des intentions de l’auteur sur la façon dont les sources seront exploitées. Il est ensuite question du degré d’exclusivité de la mémoire individuelle et de ce qu’implique l’idée, nourrie par la théorie de la postmémoire, notamment, d’une mémoire des traumas où le souvenir de l’un devient le souvenir de l’autre. L’essai se referme sur une réflexion portant sur le pouvoir qu’a la littérature de faire sortir de l’ombre, avec leurs énigmes non résolues, celles et ceux qui nous ont précédés. Et s’il y avait d’abord, au coeur d’une telle démarche d’écriture, le besoin de mieux vivre avec ses morts ? / Un endroit familier is made up of three literary portraits. The author highlights significant moments in the life of three members of his family : his maternal grandfather, who actively participated in an underground radio network in occupied France, in the 1940s; his paternal grandmother, who raised fourteen children in Saint-Joachim-de-Montmorency, and whose long life alone encompasses a vast segment of Quebec rurality of the last century; finally, there will be his maternal great-grandmother, whose husband died in the trenches of Champagne, during the First World War. Against the backdrop of the twentieth century’s enthusiasms and excesses, this gallery of portraits includes as well the more discreet, fragmented image of the author who seeks to better understand where he comes from. Looking for the other, aren't we always looking a little for ourselves ? The following essay, Le problème de la mémoire dans le portrait littéraire, discusses the use of documentary sources required by the genre, as well as the impact of the author's intentions on how those sources will be exploited. Then we will explore the degree of exclusivity of individual memory and the idea, drawn from the theory of postmemory, in particular, of a memory of traumas in which one’s memory becomes that of another. The essay ends with a reflection on the power of literature to bring out of the shadows, with their unsolved puzzles, those who came before us. What if there was first, at the heart of such a writing process, the need to live better with our dead ?

Studiens syfte var att genom en kvantitativ granskning av domstolsfall gällande grov kvinnofridskränkning undersöka om fängelsestraffets längd varit associerat med de olika åtalspunkter som styrkts. Vidare undersöktes eventuella samband mellan vittnesmål om olika typer av våld och huruvida dessa återfanns i de styrkta åtalspunkterna. Olika former av upprepat och systematiskt våld som drabbar kvinnor i nära relationer har bedömts ske i så pass hög utsträckning att det både på internationell och nationell nivå betraktas som en folkhälsofråga. Inom svensk lagstiftning finns en unik möjlighet att ta krafttag mot denna typ av brottslighet i form av brottsrubriceringen grov kvinnofridskränkning. Detta möjliggör att samla flera enskilda och i sig straffbara handlingar och gå till åtal för vad som då kan anses utgöra ett grovt brott och därmed möjliggöra att strängare påföljd döms ut än vad som är möjligt vid enskilda brottstillfällen. Intentionen med lagstiftningen var att ge en samlad bild av kvinnans utsatthet och möjliggöra att även de straffrättsligt lindriga gärningarna inkluderas. Den aktuella studiens resultat visade att trots detta så var det fysiskt våld som hade en avgörande roll i dessa åtal och att man därmed kan ifrågasätta huruvida rättsväsendet lyckas nå upp till det mål som var avsett med brottsrubriceringen. / The aim of this study was, through a quantitative review of court cases concerning serious women’s peace violations, to investigate whether the length of the prison sentence was associated with the various charges that were confirmed. Furthermore, any connection between testimonies of various types of violence and whether they were found in the substantiated charges was investigated. Various forms of repeated and systematic violence affecting women in intimate partner relationships have been assessed to such an extent that, at both international and national levels, it is considered a public health issue. Swedish legislation offers a unique opportunity to take action against this type of violation of women's rights. This means an opportunity to collect several individual and in itself criminal offenses and to prosecute as what can then be considered a serious crime and thereby enable more severe penalties to be sentenced than possible in individual criminal cases. The intention of the legislation was to provide a unified picture of the woman’s vulnerability and to enablethe less severe criminal offences to be included as well. The result of the current study showed that, despite this, it was physical violence that had a crucial role in these prosecutions which in turn raises the question whether one fails to reach the goal that was intended with the criminal classification.