Résumé : Introduction : Les infrastructures récréatives telles que les parcs et les pistes cyclables peuvent fournir des opportunités pour pratiquer l’activité physique (AP). Comme les déterminants de l’AP organisée et non-organisée (APO et APNO) pourraient différer, nous avons investigués si la proximité à des infrastructures récréatives est associée avec le maintien de la participation à l’APO et à l’APNO sur une durée de trois ans lors de la transition entre l’enfance et l’adolescence. Méthodes : 187 jeunes, initialement âgées de 10 à 12 ans, ont rapporté leur participation à l’APO et l’APNO trois fois par an pendant trois ans pour un total de neuf cycles d’observations. Les données sur la proximité des infrastructures récréatives ont été obtenues par le biais de questionnaires téléphoniques auprès des parents. Les scores de proximité ont été divisés en tertiles. Des analyses Kaplan-Meier et des modèles de risques proportionnels de Cox ont été utilisés pour estimer les associations univariées et multivariées entre la proximité aux infrastructures récréatives et le nombre de cycles moyen dans lequel l’APO et l’APNO a été maintenu. Résultats : Aucune différence, brute ou ajustée, de la durée moyenne du maintien de la participation à l’APO [nombre de cycles d’observation moyen (intervalle de confiance 95%) était 6.6 (5.7, 7.5), 6.3 (5.5, 7.1), et 5.8 (5.1, 6.6)] et à l’APNO [6.8 (6.2, 7.4), 5.9 (5.3, 6.5), 6.6 (5.9, 7.3)] a été observée entre les tertiles de proximités bas, moyen et haut, respectivement. Conclusion : Les résultats suggèrent que la proximité aux infrastructures récréatives n’influence pas le maintien de l’APO et de l’APNO lors de la transition entre l’enfance et l’adolescence. D’autres aspects de l’environnement physique pourraient avoir un effet sur le maintien de l’APO et de l’APNO. / Abstract : Background: Physical activity (PA) infrastructures such as parks and cycle lanes can provide youth opportunities to engage in physical activity. As the determinants of organized and unorganized PA (OPA and UPA) are likely to differ, we investigated if proximity to PA infrastructure was associated with maintenance of participation in OPA and UPA over 3 years during the transition from childhood to adolescence. Methods: Youth (n=187) initially 10-12 years self-reported participation in OPA and UPA at 4 month intervals over 3 years for a total of nine survey cycles. Data on proximity to PA infrastructures was obtained from parents through phone-based questionnaires. Proximity scores were divided into tertiles. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess univariate and multivariate associations between proximity to PA infrastructure and number of cycles in which OPA and UPA were maintained. Results: There were no crude or adjusted differences in average duration of maintenance of participation in OPA [mean number of survey cycle participation (95% confidence interval) was 6.6 (5.7, 7.5), 6.3 (5.5, 7.1), and 5.8 (5.1, 6.6)] and UPA [6.8 (6.2, 7.4), 5.9 (5.3, 6.5), 6.6 (5.9, 7.3)] across low, moderate and high tertiles of proximity to PA infrastructure scores, respectively. Conclusion: Findings are suggestive that proximity to PA infrastructure alone does not affect maintenance of participation in OPA or UPA during adolescence. Other aspects of the environment may have a greater effect. Thus, further research is needed on these aspects before firm conclusions can be drawn.

O envelhecimento populacional é um tema que cada vez mais vem sendo pensado e discutido visando garantir qualidade de vida e bem-estar a esse contingente de cidadãos que com frequência convivem com a redução de suas capacidades funcionais e requerem cuidados especiais. Devido às mudanças nos arranjos familiares, verifica-se o aumentando da demanda por instituições de longa permanência para idosos, fato decorrente em parte pela redução de cuidadores no local de moradia. Dado que idosos institucionalizados, em sua maioria, apresentam saúde fragilizada acentuando o risco maior de quedas, esse trabalho teve como objetivo levantar parâmetros recomendáveis para a configuração do quarto e do banheiro do idoso buscando garantir segurança e autonomia ao usuário. A escolha do quarto e do banheiro se deu pela grande incidência de acidentes nesses ambientes relatada na bibliografia estudada e nos estudos de caso feitos em duas instituições na cidade de São Paulo. Para alcançar o objetivo buscou-se normas e bibliografia nacional e internacional que abrangessem os assuntos sobre acessibilidade ao meio físico, desenho universal e ergonomia, além de caracterizar dados sobre capacidade funcional com foco no idoso. As informações adquiridas na revisão bibliográfica foram confrontadas com os dados levantados nos estudos de caso como forma de identificar, na prática, as recomendações que estão dando resultado positivo e pontos que precisam ser melhorados. Os resultados obtidos a partir da abordagem teórica e prática proporcionaram o levantamento de recomendações para o ambiente, mobiliários e instalações do quarto e do banheiro do idoso que ofereçam segurança e autonomia aos usuários nas atividades diárias. Pretende-se que os dados apresentados nesse trabalho possam ser aplicados na prática projetual e colaborem para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o assunto. / Population aging is an issue that is being increasingly considered and discussed to ensure quality of life and well-being to this contingent of citizens who often deal with the reduction of its functional capabilities and require special care. Due to changes in family arrangements, it appears the increasing demand for long-term care institutions for the elderly, a fact due in part by the reduction of family carers. Since most institutionalized elderly have poor health, it contributes to the increase risk of falls, this work aimed to indicate recommended parameters for configuring the bedroom and bathroom of the elderly seeking to ensure user`s security and independence. The choice of the bedroom and bathroom was motivated by the high accident incidence in these environments reported by the studied literature and case studies carried out in two institutions in the city of São Paulo. To achieve the goal national and international standards were studied, as well as literature that covered the issues of accessibility to the physical environment, universal design and ergonomics, besides characterizing data on functional capacity with focus on the elderly. The information gathered in the literature review was compared with data collected in the case studies as a way to identify in practice the recommendations that are giving positive results and points that need to be improved. The results obtained from the theoretical and practical approach led to environment, furniture and facilities recommendations for the elderly\'s bedroom and bathroom that offer users security and independence in daily activities. It is intended that the data presented here in this study can be applied in design practice and collaborate to expand subject knowledge.

Neste trabalho, é analisado o processo de avaliação de impacto ambiental - AIA do Aterro Industrial Brunelli, que se caracterizou como bastante complexo, em razão da polêmica em torno dos impactos ambientais incidentes em sua área de influência, principalmente os relativos à contaminação do solo e da água. São descritos os principais elementos do projeto e as características dos entornos da área selecionada para a implantação do aterro, bem como analisados os principais fatores que fundamentaram a decisão da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente pela viabilidade ambiental do empreendimento. São apresentadas, ainda, avaliações de outras instituições que contribuíram, com seus pareceres técnicos, no processo de tomada de decisão. A partir dessa análise, é apresentada uma avaliação crítica dos principais fatores que resultaram na morosidade do licenciamento e propostos critérios para o aperfeiçoamento dos processos de AIA de unidades de disposição de resíduos. / This work is focused on the environmental impact assessment of the Brunelli Industrial Landfill Project, which proved to be a very complex process, mainly because of the expected environmental impact in the neighborhood of the plant, especially those related to soil and water contamination. The project major elements are presented, as well as the basic characteristics of the selected area for landfill development, besides a complete analysis of the principal facts that supported the São Paulo State Secretariat of the Environment final decision on the matter. Several technical contributions by a number of other Institutions are also presented, regarding the environmental viability of the project, which were very important in the decision making process. A critical review and analysis of all the information allowed identifying the factors that were responsible for the delay in final decision taken by the State Secretariat. As a consequence, some proposals are made in order to improve the assessment of environmental impacts of similar facilities.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos investigar a forma de avaliação do ambiente domiciliar de pessoas com deficiência física, com ênfase na atuação interdisciplinar entre terapeutas ocupacionais e projetistas no ato de planejar e executar a acessibilidade desse ambiente; identificar e investigar, se os terapeutas ocupacionais gestores atuantes em reabilitação física fazem uso de algum instrumento de avaliação do ambiente; categorizar a formação de terapeutas ocupacionais gestores que atuam em centros de reabilitação para a avaliação do ambiente; verificar se os centros de reabilitação investigados têm algum procedimento para avaliação do ambiente domiciliar para pessoas com disfunções físicas; analisar as ferramentas de avaliação de desempenho do ambiente utilizadas na Terapia Ocupacional e na Arquitetura. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, centrados na pessoa, tendo como cenário: a) Centros de Reabilitação públicos e privados de São Paulo; b) arquitetos especialistas em acessibilidade e c) pessoas com deficiência física que modificaram suas residências. Dividiu-se o estudo em três etapas, a saber: a etapa 1, que consistiu na coleta de dados por meio de um questionário aplicado a terapeutas ocupacionais gestores nos centros de reabilitação de São Paulo; a etapa 2, de questionário aplicado a arquitetos especialistas em acessibilidade da cidade de São Paulo e a etapa 3, de entrevista com pessoas com deficiência física que adequaram sua residência. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software de estatística Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS versão 18) da empresa International Business Machines (IBM). Também foi utilisado o recurso Split File (dividir arquivo) para examinar, primeiramente de forma conjunta e depois separadamente, as opiniões dos diversos públicos pesquisados (arquitetos, terapeutas ocupacionais e usuários). Nas entrevistas dos usuários, após a sua transcrição utilizaram-se os aplicativos Sphinx em métodos de análise, caracterizados por análise lexical e aplicação online da IBM ManyEyes para uma visualização sintética das falas dos usuários. Resultados: os principais resultados sugeriram uma necessidade de investimento na formação para atuar na área, para ambos profissionais, arquitetos e terapeutas ocupacionais. A partir das falas dos usuários, identificou-se que, os mesmos destacaram a importância do ganho funcional, a partir da modificação de suas casas. Como conclusão, aponta-se a necessidade de atuação interdisciplinar. A presente pesquisa pretende trazer contribuições para a área de arquitetura, terapia ocupacional e reabilitação de pessoas com deficiências, enfatizando a importância da ação interdisciplinar e tendo como objetivo final, a melhora da funcionalidade e qualidade de vida da pessoa com deficiência em seu habitar. / The present study aimed to investigate: (1) how to evaluate the home environment for people with physical disabilities, with emphasis on interdisciplinary team between occupational therapists and designers in the act of planning and executing the accessibility of this environment; (2) identify and investigate if occupational therapists managers working in physical rehabilitation make use of an instrument to assess the environment; (3) verify if the rehabilitation centers have investigated some procedure to evaluate the home environment for people with physical dysfunctions; and (4) analyze the assessment tools used in the performance environment and Occupational Therapy in Architecture. Methodology: This was a descriptive study, with quantitative and qualitative approach, focusing on the person as a backdrop: a) public and private rehabilitation centers in São Paulo city b) architects, experts in accessibility and c) disabled individuals that had their residences changed ramodelled. The study was divided into three stages: step 1, which consisted of data collection through a questionnaire with managers occupational therapists in rehabilitation centers of São Paulo, step 2- questionnaire answered by architects experts in accessibility from the city of São Paulo and step 3, interviewing with people with physical disabilities who have adapted their residence. For data analysis the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS versão 18) by International Business Machines (IBM). was used Split File (file sharing) was also applied to examine, first jointly and then separately, the opinions of various stakeholders surveyed (architects, occupational therapists and users). Was used in interviews after their transcription. Results: The main findings suggested a need for further training to work in this specific field, for both architects and occupational therapists. They reported having difficulties in assessing environments with respect to their accessibility, however, the difficulty was higher among occupational therapists. From the statements of users, we found that regardless cost and time to adapt, they report and agree with the importance of the functional gain from the modification of their homes. In conclusion, we present a proposal for interdisciplinary action. This research might provide contributions to the field of architecture, occupational therapy and rehabilitation of people with disabilities, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary action on the improvement of functionality and quality of life of people with disabilities in their dwelling.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med ökad kunskap och medvetenhet om förskollärarens användande av den fria leken i relation till förskolans fysiska miljö och barns lärande och utvecklingsprocesser. Detta område anser jag är av stor vikt att studera för att se förskollärarprofessionens bidragande faktor i den fria leken och den fysiska miljön på förskolan. Metoden som valdes var kvalitativa intervjuer med sex förskollärare vid skilda avdelningar på fyra olika kommunala förskolor men i samma kommun. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna till stor del använder sig utav observationer av barnen i den fria leken för att se hur leken fungerar i interaktion med den fysiska miljön, och hur barnen samspelar med varandra. Samt att de sedan förändrar den fysiska miljön på förskolan när leken behöver utvecklas och få ett uppsving. Det har även visat sig i intervjuerna att förskollärarna diskuterar den fria leken tillsammans med kollegor om hur den fysiska miljön skall förändras för att utveckla den fria leken. De yngsta barnens fria lek och undersökningsprocesser kommer mer sällan till ytan då de äldre mer verbala får mer inflytande via konversationer och intervjuer. Det resulterar i att färre diskussioner bland förskollärarna sker kring de yngsta barnens fria lek och utforskningsprocesser och dess inverkan till att förändra miljön och tillföra inspirerande lekmaterial. Men att de som ser barnen som kompetenta i sina utforskningar av den fysiska miljön oftare ser till att utforma meningsfulla aktiviteter och stimulerande miljöer för de yngsta barnen. Alla förskollärare i studien är överens om att en central del i arbetet med barnen vid alla aktiviteter på förskolan, är att se och lyssna in barnens behov och intressen. Detta för att kunna utveckla meningsfulla aktiviteter och den fysiska miljön efter den aktuella barngruppens behov. / The aim of the study is to contribute with increased knowledge and awareness of the preschool teacher's use of the free play in relation to the physical environment of the preschool and children's learning and development processes. This area I believe is of great importance to study to see the preschool teacher profession's contributing factor in the free play and the physical environment at the preschool. The method chosen was qualitative interviews with six preschool teachers at different departments at four different municipal pre-schools but in the same municipality. The result shows that preschool teachers to a great extent use observations of the children in the free play to see how the game works in interaction with the physical environment, and how the children interact with each other. And that they then change the physical environment at the preschool when the children’s playing needs to be developed and get a boost. It can also be seen in the interviews that preschool teachers discuss the free play together with colleagues about how the physical environment should be changed to develop the free play. The youngest children 's free play and exploration processes rarely come to the surface as the older more verbal children get more influence through conversations and interviews. As a result, fewer discussions among preschool teachers take place around the youngest children 's free play and exploration processes and its impact on changing the environment and adding inspirational play material. But those who see the children as competent in their exploration of the physical environment more often make sure to design meaningful activities and stimulating environments for the youngest children. All preschool teachers in the study agree that a central part of the work with the children at all activities at the preschool is to see and listen to the children's needs and interests. This in order to be able to develop meaningful activities and the physical environment according to the needs of the group of children in question.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos investigar a forma de avaliação do ambiente domiciliar de pessoas com deficiência física, com ênfase na atuação interdisciplinar entre terapeutas ocupacionais e projetistas no ato de planejar e executar a acessibilidade desse ambiente; identificar e investigar, se os terapeutas ocupacionais gestores atuantes em reabilitação física fazem uso de algum instrumento de avaliação do ambiente; categorizar a formação de terapeutas ocupacionais gestores que atuam em centros de reabilitação para a avaliação do ambiente; verificar se os centros de reabilitação investigados têm algum procedimento para avaliação do ambiente domiciliar para pessoas com disfunções físicas; analisar as ferramentas de avaliação de desempenho do ambiente utilizadas na Terapia Ocupacional e na Arquitetura. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, centrados na pessoa, tendo como cenário: a) Centros de Reabilitação públicos e privados de São Paulo; b) arquitetos especialistas em acessibilidade e c) pessoas com deficiência física que modificaram suas residências. Dividiu-se o estudo em três etapas, a saber: a etapa 1, que consistiu na coleta de dados por meio de um questionário aplicado a terapeutas ocupacionais gestores nos centros de reabilitação de São Paulo; a etapa 2, de questionário aplicado a arquitetos especialistas em acessibilidade da cidade de São Paulo e a etapa 3, de entrevista com pessoas com deficiência física que adequaram sua residência. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software de estatística Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS versão 18) da empresa International Business Machines (IBM). Também foi utilisado o recurso Split File (dividir arquivo) para examinar, primeiramente de forma conjunta e depois separadamente, as opiniões dos diversos públicos pesquisados (arquitetos, terapeutas ocupacionais e usuários). Nas entrevistas dos usuários, após a sua transcrição utilizaram-se os aplicativos Sphinx em métodos de análise, caracterizados por análise lexical e aplicação online da IBM ManyEyes para uma visualização sintética das falas dos usuários. Resultados: os principais resultados sugeriram uma necessidade de investimento na formação para atuar na área, para ambos profissionais, arquitetos e terapeutas ocupacionais. A partir das falas dos usuários, identificou-se que, os mesmos destacaram a importância do ganho funcional, a partir da modificação de suas casas. Como conclusão, aponta-se a necessidade de atuação interdisciplinar. A presente pesquisa pretende trazer contribuições para a área de arquitetura, terapia ocupacional e reabilitação de pessoas com deficiências, enfatizando a importância da ação interdisciplinar e tendo como objetivo final, a melhora da funcionalidade e qualidade de vida da pessoa com deficiência em seu habitar. / The present study aimed to investigate: (1) how to evaluate the home environment for people with physical disabilities, with emphasis on interdisciplinary team between occupational therapists and designers in the act of planning and executing the accessibility of this environment; (2) identify and investigate if occupational therapists managers working in physical rehabilitation make use of an instrument to assess the environment; (3) verify if the rehabilitation centers have investigated some procedure to evaluate the home environment for people with physical dysfunctions; and (4) analyze the assessment tools used in the performance environment and Occupational Therapy in Architecture. Methodology: This was a descriptive study, with quantitative and qualitative approach, focusing on the person as a backdrop: a) public and private rehabilitation centers in São Paulo city b) architects, experts in accessibility and c) disabled individuals that had their residences changed ramodelled. The study was divided into three stages: step 1, which consisted of data collection through a questionnaire with managers occupational therapists in rehabilitation centers of São Paulo, step 2- questionnaire answered by architects experts in accessibility from the city of São Paulo and step 3, interviewing with people with physical disabilities who have adapted their residence. For data analysis the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS versão 18) by International Business Machines (IBM). was used Split File (file sharing) was also applied to examine, first jointly and then separately, the opinions of various stakeholders surveyed (architects, occupational therapists and users). Was used in interviews after their transcription. Results: The main findings suggested a need for further training to work in this specific field, for both architects and occupational therapists. They reported having difficulties in assessing environments with respect to their accessibility, however, the difficulty was higher among occupational therapists. From the statements of users, we found that regardless cost and time to adapt, they report and agree with the importance of the functional gain from the modification of their homes. In conclusion, we present a proposal for interdisciplinary action. This research might provide contributions to the field of architecture, occupational therapy and rehabilitation of people with disabilities, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary action on the improvement of functionality and quality of life of people with disabilities in their dwelling.

No description available.

<p>My intention with this paper was to investigate how the teachers in pre-school thinks about the physical environment in pre-school. Both the significance for the pedagogical activity and the children’s involvement in the design. I have done five interviews with pre-school teachers. The result shows that the pre-school teachers consider that the size of the premises and the availability to the material is important factors for children’s development and learning. The pre-school teachers consider that the children should have access to both large and small rooms and that the group of children is adjusted after the size of the premises. The material should also be available for the children so that they don’t have to ask the pre-school teachers for help to access. The teachers in my examination consider that you shall see to the children’s group when to do changes in the environment. They talk about children’s needs and interested as important factors. To really their needs and interests the teachers has chosen to observe the children.</p>

My intention with this paper was to investigate how the teachers in pre-school thinks about the physical environment in pre-school. Both the significance for the pedagogical activity and the children’s involvement in the design. I have done five interviews with pre-school teachers. The result shows that the pre-school teachers consider that the size of the premises and the availability to the material is important factors for children’s development and learning. The pre-school teachers consider that the children should have access to both large and small rooms and that the group of children is adjusted after the size of the premises. The material should also be available for the children so that they don’t have to ask the pre-school teachers for help to access. The teachers in my examination consider that you shall see to the children’s group when to do changes in the environment. They talk about children’s needs and interested as important factors. To really their needs and interests the teachers has chosen to observe the children.

Patient falls are the most commonly reported "adverse events" in hospitals, according to studies conducted in the U.S. and elsewhere. The rate of falls is not high (2.3 to 7 falls per 1,000 patient days), but about a third of falls result in injuries or even death, and these preventable events drive up the cost of healthcare and, clearly, are harmful outcomes for the patients involved. This study of a private hospital, Dublin Methodist Hospital, in Dublin, Ohio analyzes data about patient falls and the facility's floor plans and design features and makes direct connections between hospital design and patient falls. This particular hospital, which was relatively recently constructed, offered particular advantages in investigating unit-layout-related environmental factors because of the very uniform configuration of its rooms, which greatly narrowed down the variables under study. This thesis investigated data about patients who had suffered falls as well as patients with similar characteristics (e.g., age, gender, and diagnosis) who did not suffer falls. This case-control study design helps limit differences between patients. Then patient data was correlated to the location of the fall and environmental characteristics of the locations, analyzed in terms of their layout and floor plan. A key part of this analysis was the development of tools to measure the visibility of the patient's head and body to nurses, the relative accessibility of the patient, the distance from the patient's room to the medication area, and the location of the bathroom in patient rooms (many falls apparently occur during travel to and from these areas). From the analysis of all this data there emerged a snapshot of the specific rooms in the hospital being analyzed where there was an elevated risk of a patient falling. While this finding is useful for the administrators of that particular facility, the study also developed a number of generally applicable conclusions. The most striking conclusion was that, for a number of reasons, patients whose heads were not visible from caregivers working from their seats in nurses' stations and/or from corridors had a higher risk of falling, in part because staff were unable to intervene in situations where a fall appeared likely to occur. This was also the case with accessibility; patients less accessible within a unit had a higher risk of falling. The implications for hospital design are clear: design inpatient floors to maximize a visible access to patients (especially their heads) from seats in nurses' stations and corridors.