<p><em>Syftet med studien var att beskriva hypertonipatienters reflektioner om livsstil och dess inverkan på blodtrycket. Studien hade en beskrivande design med kvalitativ ansats. Urvalet bestod av nio hypertonipatienter från en hälsocentral i Mellansverige. Datainsamlingen gjordes med semistrukturerade intervjuer och data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet presenterades utifrån två kategorier: Att leva sitt liv och Att genomföra en livsstilsförändring. Resultatet visade att deltagarna inte alltid hade den livsstil som de ansåg vara bra. Deltagarna beskrev hur de hade gjort omedvetna livsstilsförändringar i livet som hade lett till en mer osund livsstil. De medvetna livsstilsförändringar deltagarna beskrev var de ändringar de hade genomfört för att främja hälsan. I resultatet framkom att deltagarna ansåg att stress var en orsak till högt blodtryck samt att stress påverkade livsstilen och individens förmåga till livsstilsförändring. Vidare beskrev de att de önskade mer råd om stresshantering. Resultatet visade även att hypertonipatienter inte alltid upplevde sig vara sjuka. </em><em></em></p>

Syftet med studien var att beskriva hypertonipatienters reflektioner om livsstil och dess inverkan på blodtrycket. Studien hade en beskrivande design med kvalitativ ansats. Urvalet bestod av nio hypertonipatienter från en hälsocentral i Mellansverige. Datainsamlingen gjordes med semistrukturerade intervjuer och data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet presenterades utifrån två kategorier: Att leva sitt liv och Att genomföra en livsstilsförändring. Resultatet visade att deltagarna inte alltid hade den livsstil som de ansåg vara bra. Deltagarna beskrev hur de hade gjort omedvetna livsstilsförändringar i livet som hade lett till en mer osund livsstil. De medvetna livsstilsförändringar deltagarna beskrev var de ändringar de hade genomfört för att främja hälsan. I resultatet framkom att deltagarna ansåg att stress var en orsak till högt blodtryck samt att stress påverkade livsstilen och individens förmåga till livsstilsförändring. Vidare beskrev de att de önskade mer råd om stresshantering. Resultatet visade även att hypertonipatienter inte alltid upplevde sig vara sjuka.

Syftet med denna undersökning var att utreda hur ett telecomföretag i Umeå kommun arbetar med arbetsmiljöfrågor samt hur de anställda upplever den fysiska och psykosociala arbetsmiljön vid arbetsplatsen. Företaget har knappt 100 anställda varav 20 av dessa är anställda vid kundserviceavdelningen i Umeå. Vidare ska uppsatsförfattarna undersöka effekterna hur implementeringen av pulsklockor har upplevts av de anställda.Ett induktivt angreppssätt med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod valdes till genomförandet och utformningen av undersökningen. Utifrån en semistrukturerad intervjuguide genomfördes tre intervjuer, varav två var fokusgruppsintervjuer med de anställda vid telecomföretagets kundserviceavdelning. Den tredje intervjun genomfördes med kundservicechefen. Undersökningen innebar en utredning av den fysiska och psykosociala arbetsmiljön samt företagets systematiska arbetsmiljöarbete utifrån ett medarbetarperspektiv. Vidare undersöktes vilken inverkan medarbetarna upplevde att implementeringen av pulsklockornas hade. De övergripande resultaten visade att den fysiska arbetsmiljön har stora brister vad gäller lokalen. Trängsel, dålig ventilation och höga ljudnivåer är följden av en kraftig expansion av företaget. Medarbetarna upplever dock ej den fysiska arbetsmiljön som ett större problem, då den psykosociala arbetsmiljön är så pass god. De upplever stöd från varandra och närmsta chefer, vilket bidrar till att de kan hantera brister i den fysiska arbetsmiljön. Företagets dokumentation kring systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete saknar i stora drag den dokumentation som krävs, vilket uppsatsförfattarna anser beror på bristande kunskap kring ämnet. Avslutningsvis visade resultatet på att medarbetarna inte ansåg att pulsklockor hade gett någon större effekt, varken positiv eller negativ.

The transtheoretical model has a substantial history of measuring the change process. Hemphill and Howell validated the Stages of Change Scale (SOCS) on adolescent offenders. The current study expands their research by developing an additional component of the TTM, the Decisional Balance Scale for Adolescent Offenders (DBS-AO). This measure assesses movement through the stages of change and provides insight into mechanisms through which adolescent offenders attempt to change their criminal behaviors. Two hundred thirty-nine adolescent offenders at the Gainesville State School completed the SOCS, DBS-AO, Paulhus Deception Scales (PDS), and the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD). The study found the DBS-AO is psychometrically sound, demonstrates excellent reliability and has an underlying three-factor solution: Cons, Pros-Self, and Pros-Others. Offenders in the early stages of change scored significantly higher on the Cons scale. Offenders actively changing their behavior scored significantly higher on the Pro-Self and Pros-Other scales.

The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing at an alarming rate and is implicated in the onset of serious and life threatening health problems of both a physical and psychological nature. The current research comprised of three main components. Firstly, the reliability of a readiness to change questionnaire was examined, which had been completed by parents of obese children enrolled in the Bodywise childhood obesity programme. Secondly, an analysis of outcome data from 36 families who completed the above programme was also undertaken in order to determine if the data identified their stage of change, as defined by the questionnaire Thirdly, four semi-structured interviews were conducted with families involved with the Bodywise programme. These parents provided information related to their experiences of lifestyle change, including what initiated change, what assisted change, and what barriers to change they had encountered. Findings revealed that in accordance with the transtheoretical model the readiness to change questionnaire was a reasonably reliable instrument for indentifying parents' readiness to change their child's eating patterns and physical activity levels. Analysis of the outcome data from the 36 families revealed individuals in the action stage of change for both eating and physical activity made more rapid change at the outset of the programme than individuals in earlier stages of change. In addition, information derived from the interviews with families identified several promoters and barriers to change, many of which were similar across families. Until now no studies have examined the application of the transtheoretical model to an intervention for childhood obesity. Previous research has shown support for the model's use with other health problems. Overall this study lends support for the utility of the transtheoretical model in childhood obesity intervention.

Obesity affects over 100 million men, women, and children in North America alone and has reached what health professionals deem to be epidemic proportions. Being overweight can contribute to or cause chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Left unabated, it will lead to the premature death of millions. Clinical practice relies primarily on individual interventions to bring about lifestyle change. However, this may not be sufficient to reverse the trend on a population scale. Distance education is one area that is seen by some as one of the tools that is capable of reaching such a large audience. This mixed methods case study examined the perceived utility of a number of distance education tools and technologies and the likelihood of overweight and obese individuals adopting and using them. A number of distance education tools and technologies were found to be very useful, some that could be promising but will require further study, and still others that don't offer value and won't for the foreseeable future. / August 2011

Overweight and obese women who lose weight prior to pregnancy have fewer pregnancy complications than those who do not (Forsum, Brantsaeter, Olafsdottir, Olsen, & Thorsdottir, 2013; Schummers, Hutcheon, Bodnar, Lieverman, & Himes, 2015). Research findings suggest there are missed opportunities to provide diet and physical activity counseling during preventive care visits. Providers cite a lack of time and resources as barriers (Morgan et al., 2006; Yamamoto et al., 2014). This was a two-group, randomized, pilot-study of 19 overweight or obese women in Central Georgia. Participants completed surveys related to their perception of risk for obesity-related pregnancy complications, readiness to change nutrition and physical activity behaviors, nutrition and physical activity self-efficacy, actual physical activity, and dietary history at baseline, after completion of the study, and at follow-up. Those in the intervention group participated in one face-to-face meeting, reviewed eight online education modules, and received weekly booster messages. The control group participated in a similar protocol; however, information was limited to general women’s health topics. Nineteen women (intervention = 11, control = 8) completed all instruments related to primary outcomes—perception of risk, readiness to change, and self-efficacy. The average age of participants was 28.7 years (SD = 6.35). The average body mass index was 36.54 kg/m2 (SD = 5.52). Women were predominately Caucasian (68.4%) and married (52.6%) with children (57.9%). Most had a college degree (42.1%) or higher (15.8%), and a yearly income between $25,000 and $75,000 (42.1%). Evaluation of completion data, resources, and intervention management indicated that the intervention may be feasible during preventative care visits. Participant responses to exit interview questions demonstrated the intervention may be acceptable for women of childbearing age. Effect sizes ranged from small (ƞp2= .00, p = .88) to large (ƞp2= .27, p = .08) indicating the intervention may be effective in an adequately powered sample. Future research should focus on the further development and implementation of programs that assist with pre-conception weight loss. Providing women with information regarding the complications associated with being overweight and obese, as well as the information or tools necessary to reduce weight prior to pregnancy, may be instrumental for improving short and long-term pregnancy outcomes for both mothers and their offspring.

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