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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo e desenvolvimento de código computacional para análise de impacto entre estruturas levando em consideração efeitos térmicos / Study and development of computational code to analyze impact in structures considering thermal effects

Carrazedo, Rogério 19 January 2009 (has links)
Ao se estudar problemas de impacto de estruturas deformáveis, a consideração dos efeitos térmicos se faz muito importante, pois além de se observar a transformação de energia mecânica em calor pode-se considerar, ao longo do processo de análise, as mudanças das propriedades mecânicas do material envolvido devido ao aquecimento do meio. Neste sentido, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma formulação termodinamicamente consistente e sua implementação computacional, baseada no potencial de energia livre de Helmholtz e na primeira e segunda leis da termodinâmica, para se analisar, via elementos finitos, o impacto entre estruturas com comportamento termo-elástico e termo-plástico. O problema mecânico será tratado com formulação posicional desenvolvida em projetos de pesquisa anteriores e que podem ser classificados como Lagrangeano total com cinemática exata. Para a modelagem do impacto utilizar-se-á a técnica do multiplicador de Lagrange associada à teoria potencial para previsão do impacto, técnica de retorno geometricamente definida e algoritmo de integração temporal de Newmark adequadamente adaptado para problemas gerais de impacto. / It becomes quite important study the thermal effects when considering impact in structures, because besides the mechanical energy changing into heat, one may consider the changes in the material properties due overheating. In this sense, the main goal of this work is develop a thermodynamic formulation and its implementation, based in the Helmholtz free-energy and in the first and second law of thermodynamics, to analyze structures under impact. The mechanical problem will be solved by a positional finite element application developed in past researches and it can be classified as a total Lagrangean with exact kinematics. In order to consider the impact, the Lagrangean multiplier will be associated to the potential theory of impact prevision, technique geometrically defined and an adapted technique based on the time integration of Newmark, modified to impact problems.
2

Estudo e desenvolvimento de código computacional para análise de impacto entre estruturas levando em consideração efeitos térmicos / Study and development of computational code to analyze impact in structures considering thermal effects

Rogério Carrazedo 19 January 2009 (has links)
Ao se estudar problemas de impacto de estruturas deformáveis, a consideração dos efeitos térmicos se faz muito importante, pois além de se observar a transformação de energia mecânica em calor pode-se considerar, ao longo do processo de análise, as mudanças das propriedades mecânicas do material envolvido devido ao aquecimento do meio. Neste sentido, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma formulação termodinamicamente consistente e sua implementação computacional, baseada no potencial de energia livre de Helmholtz e na primeira e segunda leis da termodinâmica, para se analisar, via elementos finitos, o impacto entre estruturas com comportamento termo-elástico e termo-plástico. O problema mecânico será tratado com formulação posicional desenvolvida em projetos de pesquisa anteriores e que podem ser classificados como Lagrangeano total com cinemática exata. Para a modelagem do impacto utilizar-se-á a técnica do multiplicador de Lagrange associada à teoria potencial para previsão do impacto, técnica de retorno geometricamente definida e algoritmo de integração temporal de Newmark adequadamente adaptado para problemas gerais de impacto. / It becomes quite important study the thermal effects when considering impact in structures, because besides the mechanical energy changing into heat, one may consider the changes in the material properties due overheating. In this sense, the main goal of this work is develop a thermodynamic formulation and its implementation, based in the Helmholtz free-energy and in the first and second law of thermodynamics, to analyze structures under impact. The mechanical problem will be solved by a positional finite element application developed in past researches and it can be classified as a total Lagrangean with exact kinematics. In order to consider the impact, the Lagrangean multiplier will be associated to the potential theory of impact prevision, technique geometrically defined and an adapted technique based on the time integration of Newmark, modified to impact problems.
3

Recherche et utilisation de méthodes analytiques inverses pour des problèmes couplés thermo élastiques / Finding and using inverse analyic methods for coupled thermo-elastic problems

Weisz-Patrault, Daniel 06 December 2012 (has links)
Ce travail de doctorat porte sur l'utilisation des mathématiques analytiques dans le cadre de méthodes inverses appliquées à l'industrie. Ces travaux tiennent au développement de capteurs inverses en temps réel adaptés au laminage industriel. Le producteur d'acier ArcelorMittal dirige un projet européen, qui vise à montrer la faisabilité de capteurs mesurant les champs (température, contraintes) dans le contact entre le produit et l'outil sans altérer les conditions de ce contact. Les travaux de thèse présentés dans ce mémoire ont été réalisés au sein du laboratoire Navier et financé par l'école des Ponts ParisTech. Cependant un contrat sur trois ans signé avec ArcelorMittal a permis à l'auteur d'être partie prenante de ce projet européen, et ainsi de voir ses recherches concrétisées par une demande industrielle réelle. L'enjeu de cette thèse est double, académique et industriel. Académique en ce sens que les travaux cherchent à recenser et utiliser efficacement les méthodes de résolution analytiques existantes, pour des problèmes inverses en thermoélasticité, dans le cadre d'une métrologie en temps réel. En effet, les solutions analytiques sont souvent exploitées comme des cas purement théoriques, trouvant à bien des égards un certain succès dans la culture de l'ingénieur (comme c'est le cas par exemple du calcul en élasticité linéaire des facteurs d'intensité de contraintes), mais qui par bien des aspects sont reléguées à des cas d'écoles anciens servant au mieux à valider des codes de calculs numériques sur des exemples particulièrement simples. Ces solutions et méthodes de résolution analytiques ne font d'ailleurs guère plus l'objet de recherches en mathématiques pures. Cependant les problématiques propres, liées au caractère inverse des problèmes à traiter, pénalisent les méthodes de résolution numériques, en ce sens que les problèmes inverses sont mal posés, et qu'une stabilisation des algorithmes numériques est nécessaire mais souvent délicate si l'on considère les conditions extrêmes (champs très singuliers) appliquées aux outils industriels de laminage. Par ailleurs la métrologie en temps réel exclut l'utilisation de codes numériques trop coûteux en temps de calcul (méthodes itératives etc...). Ces deux aspects contribuent à renouveler assez largement l'intérêt pour les solutions analytiques. Il convient alors d'en regrouper (dans la mesure du possible) les méthodes les plus efficaces (en termes de précision et de temps de calcul notamment) et les plus adaptées pour la métrologie. Nous verrons notamment différents développements en séries élémentaires permettant non seulement de donner à une suite de points mesurés une forme analytique, mais également de simplifier les équations aux dérivées partielles à résoudre. D'autre part l'enjeu de cette thèse est également industriel, car ces travaux s'inscrivent dans une démarche de développement de capteurs adaptés à la mise en forme de l'acier par laminage. Ainsi l'étude de la robustesse au bruit de mesure, les contraintes technologiques liées à l'insertion des capteurs, les limitations en terme de fréquence d'acquisition et les problématiques de calibrage sont au coeur des développements. Ainsi, l'ensemble des travaux présentés, peut constituer une sorte de réhabilitation des méthodes analytiques, dont la supériorité sur les méthodes numériques (en termes de temps de calcul et parfois aussi de précision) est mise en lumière, dans le contexte précis de la métrologie en temps réel sur des géométries simples. Trois méthodes inverses en deux dimensions, adaptées au laminage industriel, ont été menées à bien (élastique isotherme, thermique et couplage thermoélastique), ainsi qu'une série d'applications expérimentales réalisées sur le laminoir de laboratoire d'ArcelorMittal. Par ailleurs, des extensions en trois dimensions des méthodes inverses élastiques et thermiques sont également détaillées / This thesis is about the use of analytical mathematics within the framework of inverse methods applied to industry. These works are devoted to the development of sensors using real-time inverse methods adapted for rolling process. Steel producer ArcelorMittal leads a European project that aims to demonstrate the feasibility of sensors measuring fields (temperature, stress) in the contact between the product and the tool without altering physical conditions of this contact. The thesis has been funded by l'école des Ponts ParisTech. However, a three-year contract signed with ArcelorMittal has enabled the author to be part of the European project, and thus his research has been motivated by a real industrial demand. The aim of this thesis is twofold, academic and industrial; academic in the sense that these works seek to identify and use efficiently existing analytical methods for inverse problems occurring in thermo-elasticity in the context of real-time metrology. Indeed, analytical solutions are often exploited as purely theoretical cases, finding in many ways some success in engineering (for example in linear elasticity with stress intensity factors), but are most of the time relegated to the validation of numerical codes under simple assumptions. As a matter of fact, there is no research any more in pure mathematics concerning these solutions and analytical methods. However, the specific complications related to the inverse nature of problems under consideration, penalize numerical algorithms because inverse problems are ill-posed and stabilization is needed. But it remains often difficult if we consider the extreme loads (very sharp gradients) applied to industrial tools during rolling. Moreover, the real-time metrology excludes the use of numerical codes too costly in terms of computation time (iterative methods etc...). Both aspects contribute to renew widely interest for analytical solutions. It is then necessary to collect most effective and efficient (in terms of computation time and precision) methods and emphasis the most suitable for metrology. We will see various series expansions, not only to give a sequence of measured points an analytical form, but also to simplify the partial differential equations to solve. On the other hand, the goal of this thesis is also industrial, as these works are part of a process of development of sensors adapted for steel rolling industry. Thus, the robustness to measurement noise, technological constraints related to the local measurement systems (such as limitations in terms of frequency of acquisition) and calibration issues are central in the developments. Thus, the whole work can be a kind of rehabilitation of analytical methods. Their superiority over numerical methods (in terms of computation time and sometime accuracy) is highlighted, in the specific context of metrology in real-time on simple geometries. Three inverse methods in two-dimensions suitable for rolling process were developed successfully (isothermal elastic, thermal and thermoelastic coupling) and a series of experimental tests were made on the laboratory mill of ArcelorMittal. In addition, three-dimensional extensions of elastic and thermal inverse methods are also detailed

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