Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:46:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Alves Campos Strachicini.pdf: 917667 bytes, checksum: 20b0856e1060a7a6bf97cb037fcb6bc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-27 / This dissertation intended to utter cultural and discursive impressions in two North American film advertisements disclosed for the Portuguese and Brazilian audience in movie theaters and video rental shops. The theoretical background was based on the theory of Discourse Analysis (French-oriented) and Culture, as well as respective identity formations, as a manner of expression of ideas, feelings, behaviors, ideologies and sense effects. It was followed by a brief history on how the English, Portuguese and Brazilian languages were formed in order to understand cultural differences encountered in language and by a presentation of matters arising out of advertisements, comprised of title and image, whose cultural production is meant for the film audience. In consultation to the cinema history, advertisements of Miss Congeniality (2000) and It s a Wonderful Life (1946) were selected, evidencing that the disclosure of North American ideology a is not a feature pertaining to a certain decade and that the title thereof is not inclined to be literal as time passes by as it was expected by the massive influence of the English language as a worldwide language. Upon the analysis of these impressions, it was observed the difference of use within the same language - the Portuguese - as a manner of expressing the North American culture against Portuguese and Brazilian cultures. / Nesta dissertação, buscou-se externar as marcas discursivo-culturais de dois anúncios de filmes norte-americanos veiculados para o público português e brasileiro em cinemas e videolocadoras. As bases teóricas se valeram da teoria da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa e da teoria da Cultura e suas formações identitárias, expressando idéias, sentimentos, comportamentos, ideologias e seus efeitos de sentido. Sucedeu-se com um breve histórico da formação das línguas inglesa, portuguesa e brasileira para a compreensão das diferenças culturais desveladas pela língua e com a apresentação de questões oriundas do anúncio publicitário, composto de título e imagem, cuja produção cultural se destina ao público de cinema. Em consulta à história do cinema, foram selecionados os anúncios dos filmes Miss Congeniality (2000) e It s a Wonderful Life (1946), evidenciando que a transmissão da ideologia norte-americana não é característica de uma determinada década e que o título do filme não tende a ser literal com o passar dos anos como era de se esperar pela influência maciça da língua inglesa como idioma mundial. Por meio da análise dessas marcas, observou-se a diferenciação de uso no mesmo idioma, no caso o português, na expressão da cultura difusora norte-americana face às culturas periféricas portuguesa e brasileira.

The use of leitmotifs in films has often been critiqued. Theodor Adorno and Hanns Eisler went as far as to claim in 1947 that "The whole form language of current cinema music derives from advertising" and that leitmotifs were in part to blame. While I take a more neutral stance, I argue that Eisler and Adorno's critique is partly correct, especially in regards to film series produced from the 1960s onwards. The analytical work undertaken for this research suggests that multiple franchises use elements of their scores as branding tools. I argue that these melodies, which have often been referred to as leitmotifs in film music scholarship, should be described as something else: title tunes. It seems that over time, they come to represent not just one or two movies, but entire franchises. They also appear to possess a marketing value not necessarily present in leitmotifs. As such, I would argue these title tunes resemble much more sonic logos as described in the sonic branding world than leitmotifs. This thesis is an exploration of title tunes. My thesis focuses primarily on mainstream Hollywood film franchises from the 1960s onwards. Various case studies from different time periods and different movie genres are analysed to describe and understand this new category of promotional film music. This thesis first takes a historical look at the concept of title tunes, explaining how other sonic branding practices used in radio, television and cinema appear to have influenced the creation of title tunes. From the sample of films analysed for this thesis, I argue that title tunes share commonalities, yet the commonalities seem to vary slightly across movie genres. The analyses undertaken also suggest that title tunes are dynamic entities, that some title tunes are more complex than others (featuring multiple components), and that some franchises can feature more than one title tune. My interpretation of the data also suggests that these title tunes are used as emotional and nostalgic tools and that specific orchestrations and arrangements might carry additional emotional power. While the majority of this thesis explores the use of title tunes in films, their use in trailers and other commodities is discussed. Finally, I suggest how title tunes might change in the future and why certain franchises have omitted using such recurring motifs.

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Despite a significant drop in the number of pregnant adolescents and reforms to fight gender discrimination under Title IX, teen pregnancy and risk factors including poverty, stigma, and substance abuse, which may lead to different negative outcomes, such as depression, social isolation, and lowered self-esteem remain a persistent problem in the United States. Due to these factors, pregnant and parenting teens have been noted to drop out of high school prematurely. Using incrementalism as a theoretical framework, the purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to explore and describe Title IX compliance and local policies and practices of educators as well as their role in the lives of pregnant and parenting teens pursuing secondary education. As a public policy, the purpose of Title IX is to protect students regardless of gender. Data were collected through in-depth interviews of 4 policy makers and 16 educators from public school districts across a northeastern state. To analyze the data, interviews were transcribed, inductively coded, and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Regardless of the existence of Title IX, the findings show it is incrementally enforced, coming into play slowly or even ignored. The themes included stigma, discriminatory segregation, funding gaps, support of programs largely outside of school, accountability for programs, denial of educators' voices on policy and practices, and recommendations of real life skills for pregnant and parenting students. This study provides relevant information to use as a basis for Title IX compliance and local educational policy modifications. This study suggests compliance and modifications may contribute to positive academic progress for pregnant and parenting adolescents.

Title I federal funds are provided to schools with high percentages of children from low-income families to help ensure that all students meet academic standards. Despite this and other efforts by the federal government to assist low-income families with the problems associated with poverty, the minimum proficiency levels required by the No Child Left Behind Act have not been met by all students. Little research has been conducted to assess performance of South Dakota schools receiving federal funding under Title 1 to alleviate these deficits in academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Title 1 had an effect on low socioeconomic schools by determining if Schoolwide Title 1 elementary schools in South Dakota demonstrated significant student gains in math and reading as measured by state standardized assessments. This nonexperimental quantitative study, guided by Bourdieu's theory of social and cultural reproduction, used archived school report card data to examine standardized testing results in math and reading during the school years of 2008-2009 through 2012-2013 for the 48 elementary Schoolwide Title 1 schools in South Dakota having complete data for these years. The results of the one-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test indicated no significant difference over time on standardized test scores in Schoolwide Title 1 elementary schools for reading, but there was a significant increase for math. The positive social change implications include providing data to inform school and state administrators of the effect of Title 1 of the ESEA on student achievement, and the need to reevaluate Title 1 programs to improve student achievement.

Title I federal regulations provide funding to school districts to support Supplemental Educational Service (SES) tutoring services to qualified economically disadvantaged K-12 students and that these services should be monitored by school districts to determine its effectiveness. However, a school district in Southern California that is the focus of this convergent parallel design study has not provided sufficient oversight of the SES tutoring program resulting in ambiguity about policy implementation effectiveness. Using a theoretical framework of policy implementation as the foundation, the purpose of this study was to explore the role that quality of service played when administrators implemented the No Child Left Behind Act to evaluate tutoring services supplied by SES providers. Data were collected through a series of interviews with 10 school district administrators who also completed the EDUSERV survey. Data from the interviews were inductively coded and subjected to thematic analysis and descriptive information from the survey were calculated. Findings indicate that SES providers work diligently to support student learning improvement, but the inconsistent oversight by the school district has resulted in disparity in performance scores in educational attainment. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to school district leadership to engage in consistent training for leadership in oversight of the SES program as well as improvements in oversight of SES performance in order to enhance outcomes for economically marginalized students

The purpose of the study was to examine reproductive life planning practices among Title X family planning health care providers and clinical staff. Reproductive life planning is a program priority for Title X clinics, those that receive federal money for providing family planning services to low-income women and men. The goal of reproductive life planning is to decrease unwanted and unintended pregnancies and improve preconception health care however; this practice has not been described. First, a conceptual analysis was conducted to create a definition of reproductive life planning that was consistent with the literature. Reproductive life planning is a process that is centered on reproductive and other life goals and is personalized, collaborative, fluid, and focused on health-promotion. Second, a mixed methods design was used to examine reproductive life planning practices and qualitative interviews were conducted to explore barriers and facilitators to implementing reproductive life planning practices. Data were obtained from health care providers and clinical staff employed at Title X clinics in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and North Dakota. A total of 148 clinicians completed a web-based survey which was analyzed to describe which types of patients, the topics covered, and the frequency with which reproductive life planning was discussed during an office visit. Surveys were then examined to identify 20 providers to conduct qualitative interviews with to further explore reproductive life planning practices. The qualitative interviews were also performed to explore the barriers and facilitators clinicians face to practicing reproductive life planning. The results of the web-based questionnaire were examined mainly with medians and frequencies to examine reproductive life planning practices. Qualitative interviews were coded using a content analysis approach to two aims; one to examine how reproductive life planning was using during clinic visits and two, to identify the barriers and facilitators clinicians face when discussing reproductive life planning with patients. Findings from the survey and the interviews suggest that most clinicians are discussing pregnancy intentions with their patients. However, from the interviews, three types of scope of reproductive life planning emerged; those clinicians who screened their patients’ pregnancy intentions, those who planted the seed in the patient’s mind, and those who explored the context of a patient’s life and their goals to contextualize how pregnancy and childbearing would fit into their lives in order to clarify pregnancy intention and move toward the corresponding health behaviors. It is argued that the third group of providers is using reproductive life planning as intended by experts. Finally, barriers to RLP discussions were examined as well as approached providers used to overcome the barriers. In conclusion, many clinicians are practicing reproductive life planning as intended, however many are not. Improved training and protocols are needed to ensure clinicians are providing their patients with the best reproductive life planning discussions. Additionally, systemic structures, like access to quality family planning services, need to be improved to aid clinicians in helping their patient plan their families.

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise da duplicata virtual (ou desmaterializada), sob o enfoque científico dos princípios fundamentais do direito cartular, especialmente o desafiado princípio da cartularidade. A sistemática desenvolvida a partir da Lei das Duplicatas na década de 60 do século passado, bem como a evolução comercial e tecnológica intensificada no início do novo milênio, permitiram e estimularam novas formas de utilização e estruturação deste título de crédito de características inovadoras e arrojadas, que de forma recorrente impulsiona a rediscussão e adaptação da teoria geral sobre o instituto de direito cartular. Naturalmente, tal evolução provoca resistências científicas, doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais, o que motiva o escopo da releitura, objetivada nesta dissertação, dos princípios seculares que atuam como pedra fundamental no direito cartular e dos quais decorrem a eficiência e segurança conquistados por estes instrumentos do Direito Comercial. No transcorrer da pesquisa, busca-se uma análise lógico-dedutiva no desenvolvimento evolutivo da duplicata e seu lugar na teoria geral dos títulos de crédito, permitindo, ao final, uma análise empírica e jurisprudencial sobre sua inevitável e tendente utilização por meios eletrônicos em sua forma desmaterializada. / The goal of the present research is the analysis of the virtual (or dematerialized) duplicate based on the scientific focus of the fundamental principles of Cartular Law, specially the challenged Cartulary Principle. The system developed by the Duplicates Law from last centurys sixties decade, as well as the commercial and technological evolution observed in new millenniums beginning, allowed and stimulated new forms of utilization and structure of this innovative and elaborated credit title, that in a recurrent way pushes the rediscussion and adaptation of the general theory about the institute of Cartular Law. Naturally, this evolution provokes resistance from scientific community and court decisions, which motivates the reanalysis, aimed by this dissertation, of the century acclaimed principles that act as fundamental stone of Cartular Law and by which arise the efficiency and security achieved by these Commercial Law instruments. In the development of this research, it is aimed a logical-deductive analysis of Duplicates evolutional process and its place in the Credit Titles General Theory, allowing, in the end, an empirical and Court Decisions analyses about its inevitable and tending utilization in electronic environments and in its dematerialized forms.

This thesis uses an action research methodology to develop a framework for improving independent scholarly reporting about interventions addressing social or environmental conflict. As there are often contradictory interpretations about the causes and strategic responses to conflict, the problem confronting scholar-reporters is how to address perceptions of bias and reflexively specify the purpose of reporting. It is proposed that scholar-reporters require grounding in conventional realist-based social theory but equally ability to incorporate theoretical ideas generated in more idealist-based peace research and applied conflict resolution studies. To do this scholar-reporters can take a comparative approach systematically developed through an integrated framework as described in this thesis. Conceptual and theoretical considerations that support both conventional and more radical constructions are comparatively analysed and then tested in relation to a case study. In 2000 Aboriginal people throughout South Australia deliberated whether their native title claims could be better accorded recognition through conservative court processes or a negotiation process to allay deep-seated conflict. The author, in a scholar-reporter capacity, formulated a report attributing meaning to this consultative process. As such a report could have been formulated according to alternative paradigms, methodological approaches and theoretical frameworks, the analysis of the adopted framework highlights how different approaches can bias the interpretation of the process and prospects for change. Realist-based conservative interpretations emphasise 'official' decision-making processes where legitimacy is expressed through political and legal frameworks based on precedent. Idealist-based interpretations emphasise that circumstances entailing significant conflict warrant equal consideration being given to 'non-official' 'resolutionary' problem-solving processes where conflict is treated as a catalyst for learning and outcomes are articulated as understanding generated about conflict and how different strategies can transform it. The developed integrated framework approach establishes the independence of scholarly reporting. Its purpose goes beyond perpetuating scholarly debate about alternative 'objective' understandings of conflict; it focuses primarily on communicating a more inclusive understanding of the contradictions inherent in a particular conflict. It increases the capacity to understand when, where, why and how conflict precipitates social change, and articulates possibilities for reconceptualising what might be the more sustainable direction of change.

Indigenous cultural possessions constitute a diverse global issue. This issue includes some culturally important, intangible tribal objects. This is evident in the Australian copyright cases viewed in this study, which provide examples of disputes over traditional Indigenous visual art. A proposal for the legal recognition of Indigenous cultural possessions in Australia is also reviewed, in terms of a new category of law. When such cultural objects are in an artistic form they constitute the tribe's self-presentation and its mechanism of cultural continuity. Philosophical arguments for the legal recognition of Indigenous intellectual `property' tend to assume that the value of Indigenous intellectual property is determinable on external criteria.