As one of the most common minerals in crustal rocks, quartz has been widely used as an indicator for shock metamorphism. Shocked quartz is found in the Chicxulub impact crater, an impact crater that has been linked to the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction ~66 million years ago. The microstructural deformation features found in the shocked quartz do not form randomly, and their orientation provides a better understanding of the impact cratering process. At present, there are no studies of EBSD data analysis of shocked quartz from Chicxulub. We investigated six thin sections from two samples from the M0077A borehole in the lower peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater, using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)-EBSD technique. Both samples consist of shocked granite, with a significant amount of quartz.  Therefore, this study investigates the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of shocked quartz and predicts the seismic velocities and anisotropy, based on the EBSD data. We carried out the analysis of EBSD data by using the MATLAB-based MTEX toolbox that can perform CPO analysis from pole figure plots and the prediction of seismic properties of minerals based on the Voigt-Reuss-Hill effective medium method. Although acquiring the EBSD data from these samples is challenging, leading to the lack of data measured, we found out that the prediction of P wave seismic velocity is in good agreement with other recent studies conducted in the same area. The range of predicted P wave velocities is 5.5-6.5 km/s with anisotropy of 8-15%. The actual observed laboratory measurements and in-situ seismic measurements are considerably smaller than this velocity range because our calculations do not incorporate pores or take microcracks into account.  A likely explanation for the large variability of anisotropy in shocked quartz is the relatively few mapped grains with EBSD, which would influence the CPO and lead to high predicted seismic anisotropy. Considering a greaternumber of grains in the CPO analysis, the CPO is reduced, and seismic anisotropy becomes smaller.

This thesis describes the principles of making application which is able to set and control camera. The first part describes basic camera connections and it explains definition and specification of camera’s features. The second part of my thesis describes implementation of application, which can use more cameras to image preview, image acquisition and to simply set of camera’s features. To implement the applications we can use MATLAB and C++BUILDER uses opencv libraries.

<p>In computational science it is common to describe dynamic systems by mathematical models in forms of differential or integral equations. These models may contain parameters that have to be computed for the model to be complete. For the special type of ordinary differential equations studied in this thesis, the resulting parameter estimation problem is a separable nonlinear least squares problem with equality constraints. This problem can be solved by iteration, but due to complicated computations of derivatives and the existence of several local minima, so called short-cut methods may be an alternative. These methods are based on simplified versions of the original problem. An algorithm, called the modified Kaufman algorithm, is proposed and it takes the separability into account. Moreover, different kinds of discretizations and formulations of the optimization problem are discussed as well as the effect of ill-conditioning.</p><p>Computation of parameters often includes as a part solution of linear system of equations <i>Ax = b</i>. The corresponding pseudoinverse solution depends on the properties of the matrix <i>A</i> and vector <i>b</i>. The singular value decomposition of <i>A</i> can then be used to construct error propagation matrices and by use of these it is possible to investigate how changes in the input data affect the solution <i>x</i>. Theoretical error bounds based on condition numbers indicate the worst case but the use of experimental error analysis makes it possible to also have information about the effect of a more limited amount of perturbations and in that sense be more realistic. It is shown how the effect of perturbations can be analyzed by a semi-experimental analysis. The analysis combines the theory of the error propagation matrices with an experimental error analysis based on randomly generated perturbations that takes the structure of <i>A</i> into account</p>

In computational science it is common to describe dynamic systems by mathematical models in forms of differential or integral equations. These models may contain parameters that have to be computed for the model to be complete. For the special type of ordinary differential equations studied in this thesis, the resulting parameter estimation problem is a separable nonlinear least squares problem with equality constraints. This problem can be solved by iteration, but due to complicated computations of derivatives and the existence of several local minima, so called short-cut methods may be an alternative. These methods are based on simplified versions of the original problem. An algorithm, called the modified Kaufman algorithm, is proposed and it takes the separability into account. Moreover, different kinds of discretizations and formulations of the optimization problem are discussed as well as the effect of ill-conditioning. Computation of parameters often includes as a part solution of linear system of equations Ax = b. The corresponding pseudoinverse solution depends on the properties of the matrix A and vector b. The singular value decomposition of A can then be used to construct error propagation matrices and by use of these it is possible to investigate how changes in the input data affect the solution x. Theoretical error bounds based on condition numbers indicate the worst case but the use of experimental error analysis makes it possible to also have information about the effect of a more limited amount of perturbations and in that sense be more realistic. It is shown how the effect of perturbations can be analyzed by a semi-experimental analysis. The analysis combines the theory of the error propagation matrices with an experimental error analysis based on randomly generated perturbations that takes the structure of A into account

The purpose of this report is to identify a generic toolbox for a Swedish municipality's quality work. To do so, the report examines two things. First of all, how a generic toolbox can be designed for a municipality's quality work, and, secondly, how a municipality can strengthen its work with quality. An abductive method has formed the basis for the gathering of theory and empirical evidence. Pragmatism has furthermore been at the heart of convergence, crystallizing a need for tools, in some cases pragmatically tailor made from theory and practice. The toolbox is proposed to consist of a PDSA wheel extending over a year’s period. The tools will be executed in conjunction since they are based on the previous tool’s results. A test that was carried out indicates that the proposed toolbox in fact has a generic cross-function even if knowledge about the use along with leadership values seem to be needed. In order to strengthen the overall quality work the municipality is proposed to compare results from all operations during the year, measurements of results could be used in order to create digital Annual Quality Reports. Also, the top management is encouraged to show interest for daily operations by, for example, site visits. Finally, the municipality should ensure that the quality work carried out by the Quality Management Team is given greater bearing. As an example this can be done by providing citizens with an overview of the inspection’s protocol. / En kommun innefattande ett hundratal verksamheter är i tagen att utveckla sin nuvarande kvalitetsledingsmodell. Kommunen har ett par verktyg för verksamheters kvalitetsarbete men välkomnar fler som är anpassade för användas inom ramarna för den utvecklade kvalitetsledningsmodellen. Syftet med den här rapporten är att identifiera och föreslå en generisk verktygslåda för en kommuns kvalitetsarbete. För att göra detta undersöker rapporten två saker. För det första hur en generisk verktygslåda kan utformas för en kommuns kvalitetsarbete, och för det andra hur en kommun kan stärka sitt arbete med kvalitet. En abduktiv metod har utgjort grund för såväl insamlande av teori men även empiri. Teorin varvas med giganter inom offensiv kvalitetsutveckling och strategisk verksamhetsutveckling till att innefatta nyare rön och synsätt. Undersökning och kartläggning av kommunens granskningsrapporter har ringat in nuvarande utvecklingsområden. I intervju med kommunens kvalitetschef, granskare samt en verksamhetsansvarig har bilden bekräftats och broderats ut. Konvergens i teori, empiri och kommunens nya kvalitetsledningsmodell har fått utgöra grund för varje föreslaget verktyg. Pragmatism har vidare fått stå i centrum då konvergens pekat på ett så pass utkristalliserat behov att verktyg i vissa fall har skräddarsytts utifrån teoretiska områden. Utifrån detta föreslås verktygslådan för det första bestå av ett PDSA-hjul som sträcker sig över ett år. Verktygen ska utföras i följdordning eftersom de bygger på föregående resultat. Test av verktygslådan pekar på att den har en generisk bäring men även att kunskap om tillämpning och bakomliggande värderingar behövs vid användning. I Plan-fasen föreslås en nulägesanalys samt ett 5 varför?. I Do-fasen föreslås en Balanced Scorecard där utrymme för definierade nyckeltalsenheter och framtida utvecklingsområden att innefattas. Vidare föreslås en kanbantavla som inte enbart består av ett traditionellt dragande system utan som även är grund för information. En checklista som verkytg föreslås för att bygga in systematik. I Study-fasen föreslås en ny nulägesanalys som vidare får ligga till grund för kommunens redan väletablerade analysverktyg Analystrappan. I Act-fasen föreslås en Spånskiva som underlag för en ny Balanced Scorecard som avslutar PDSA-cykeln. För att stärka sina verksamheter och få ut så mycket som möjligt av den generiska verktygslådan föreslås kommunen att i Plan-fasen göra sammanställningar av verksamheters resultat som grund för jämförelse och för att basera beslut på fakta. I Do-fasen uppmuntras till högsta ledningens visade intresse genom till exempel platsbesök. I Study-fasen kan kommunen fortsatt arbeta med att utveckla brukarundersökningen. I Act-fasen föreslås att varje verksamhet kvalitetsårsredovisar baserat på den rapportering som gjorts under året. Slutligen borde kommunen se till att det kvalitetsarbete som bedrivs i form av granskningar får större bäring i verksamheter. Detta kan till exempel göras genom att granskningsmarkörer får utgöra jämförelsegrund för brukare och medborgare.

The electromagnetic machines like the dc, induction, synchronous motor/generator and the transformer have an energy flow framework that is similar. All these machines deal with electrical energy in the electrical domain that is interfaced with the magnetic domain. Except for the transformer, the other machines also have one more energy interface i.e. with the mechanical domain. In all these machines, the magnetic domain acts as the silent energy manager. The electrical and the mechanical domain energies will have to pass through the magnetic domain and appropriately get routed. In recognition of the commonality of this pattern of energy flow, this thesis proposes a generalised model of a multiphase electromagnetic device wherein the dc machine, induction machine, synchronous machine and the transformers are special cases of the proposed generalised model. This is derived using bond graphs that is based on the underlining principle of Energy Flow rooted in the concept of Conservation of Energy. A model is a set of mathematical equations representing a physical system. A model is as good as a modeller understanding of the physical system and the underlying approximation he makes while writing down the equations describing the models behaviour to the stimulus. A modelling language tool, which can cut down the approximations made by using the power of identified analogous characteristics across the physical domain, can help make a model more close to real life situation. Bond Graph is such a modelling language which is powerful enough to model the non-linear, multi-disciplinary, hybrid continuous-discrete phenomena encountered in a real life physical system. Bond graphs as a modelling tool was introduced by Professor H.Paynter at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1959. The Bond Graph methodology is based on consideration of energy flows between the ports of the components of an engineering system. Bond Graph methodology enables one to develop a graphical model that is consistent with the first principle of energy conservation without having the need to start with establishing and reformulating equations. The derivation of a mathematical model from the graphical description is automated by software tools. As a consequence, a modeller using this methodology can focus on modelling of the physical system. In the graphical representation of bond graph the vertices of a bond graph denote subsystems, system components or elements, while the edges, called power bonds, represent energy flows between them. The nodes of a bond graph have power ports where energy can enter or exit. Bond graph models are developed in a hierarchical top-down or bottom-up approach by using component models or elements from model libraries. An electromagnetic machine is a black box having an assemblage of windings in iron resulting in a combination of input/output ports on shaft and electrical terminals. Abstraction of an machine model by a modeller matching the vision of the observer above is an ideal goal. Bond graph methodology is an appropriate tool for trying to reach this goal as it is based on object oriented modelling techniques. There have been few attempts to model electric machine in bond graph earlier. A well established DC motor bond graph has been widely used in all bond graph literature. But AC rotating machine being a higher order nonlinear system poses a tougher challenge. Here too, there have been few attempts in modelling AC machines. It is observed that majority of AC machine bond graph models have been built up from their mathematical models. But as the bond graph modelling technique is based on the unifying theory of energy exchange, better insight into the system is achievable if the model is conceptualised from its physical structure. This thesis starts from the basic theory of energy port to conceptualise the generalised model from physical correspondence. In this thesis a Rotating Electrical Machine is studied as a physical system. The energy ports inside this physical system is identified. When a physical system receives the energy through its energy port in one energy cycle, it processes this energy in one of the three ways. The received energy is converted into useful work or it is dissipated or stored. The storage can further be classified into two ways, either as kinetic energy or as potential energy. For a rotating electric machine the input-output port for energy exchange are either in electrical or mechanical domain depending on the class of the machine. The magnetic domain across all class of electromagnetic device acts as the energy manager. In order to capture the features of the energy jumping across the air gap in a rotating electrical machine, wherein the magnetic fields from spatially distributed windings of the stator and rotor interplay, an Axis Rotator (AR) element -a mathematical commutator, is introduced in this thesis as a new bond graph element. In a multiphase device, the energy from the various phases and spatial axes are transferred through the axis rotator element. The Axis Rotator is a critical element which helps distinguish between the various classes of electromagnetic devices. The defining features of the Axis Rotator helps in deriving the various special electromagnetic devices (such as the dc machine, induction machine, synchronous machine and the transformer) from the generalised model. The Axis Rotator exists in the magnetic domain. It naturally inherits the characteristics of the magnetic domain. The Axis Rotator as a bond graph element is complex. In a specific case of 3φ Induction Motor an alternative bond graph model with all integral elements is developed. By one to one correspondence with the AR bond graph model, the inner component of ’AR’ can be identified. Another advantage of using this model is that saturable and non-saturable magnetic permeance can be separated out, a useful feature in the nonlinear model discussed next. One of the most distinguishing features of the magnetic domain is the existence of Magnetic Hysteresis. Magnetic Hysteresis is a well understood and studied subject. But this physical process is wilfully ignored by the modelling community at large. The main reason for this is the difficulty of modelling a nonlinear phenomena. The bond graph modelling naturally allows the inclusion of such non-idealities within its framework. This thesis proposes the generalised model along with the inclusion of magnetic non-linearities and non-idealities into the model of the system. This inherent strength of bond graph model flows from the fact that the models in bond graph are developed from the first principles of energy conversation and the mathematical equations are derived later from the evolved graph. The tools that are available for bond graph simulation are not adequate for power electronics systems. The existing tools do not address space vectors and frame transformations. As a consequence it is difficult to simulate the electromagnetic device models developed in this thesis. The need for a bond graph tool to address vectors and frame transformations, a common occurrence in electric machines dynamic model study was acutely felt. This necessitated a support for handling complex data class from the underlying mathematical engine of the software. MATLAB/Simulink is the commonly available mathematical tool which has a support for complex variables. Therefore during the course of this research work a new software tool box was developed which meets the need of electromagnetic machines in particular and other engineering domains in general. For developing the new bond graph simulation software, the language extender approach was chosen, as it combines the capabilities of existing popular mathematical engine with its tested graphical frontend and the flexibility of combining different modelling technique like bond graph, block diagram, equations etc. It also ensures portability as they are compiled by interpreted language compiler of the mathematical engine and are thus independent of the computer operating system. C-MEX S-function methodology was used to develop the software as it has access to lower level functions and methods of the underlying mathematical engine. This helps in speeding up the software execution time alongwith the flexibility in defining new complex elements like the Nonlinear Axis Rotator. In conclusion, this thesis makes the following contributions: (i) The Axis rotator concept to handle space vectors and frame transformations, (ii) generalised model of the electromagnetic device, (iii) introduction of the saturation and hysteresis non-linearity in the magnetic domain, (iv) development of the bond graph toolbox to handle vector and frame transformations.

The diploma thesis deals with the draft of fuzzy model used for decisions of choosing the suppliers of the tool steel for the company S.CH.W.SERVICE, s.r.o. In the introduction of the thesis the theoretical basis for the process are summarized and the company is introduced. The main part consists of the actual suggestions for the evalutaion of the company´s suppliers. The deciosion making models are created in MS Excel and MATLAB. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the comparison of the results from both suggested models.

The aim of the master’s thesis is to acquaint the reader with Discrete Fourier Transform DFT and its introduction to spectral analysis descrete time signals. Furthermore it describes efficient computation of the DFT using the algorithm Fast Fourier Transform FFT and effects that appear in the DFT spectral analysis, the effect of the length of the DFT, the effect of the length of the segment of the analysed signal and the leakage. Next is explained the issue of the complex representation of real bandpass signals in the baseband, called the complex envelope of signals. This represenation uses the Hilbert Transform and the analytic signal. The thesis also describes the application library Real Time Toolbox of the software Matlab/Simulink, that uses the data acquition card AD622 allows to connect and process real signals in real time. In Matlab/Simulink with use this facilities is create the laboratory lesson, that simulating the complex represenation of real bandpass signals in real time.

The aim of this master’s thesis was to analyze the contemporary electronic throttles and the requirements imposed on them. Then to build the mathematical model, identify parameters of the given electronic throttle, proceed the verification and on its basis to build the simulation model. There were selected suitable control and high power components to control the electronic throttle. Due to the knowledge of these parameters the simulation model was extended. For this extended simulation model was designed the position cascade controller with speed and current control loop. Using the designed controller the implementation of the electronic throttle control and the available high power and control module was realized.

Diploma thesis deals with analyzing the possibility of using artificial intelligence, specifically artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic, on the capital markets as a tool to support decision making in business. The Matlab software is used for this purpose. The work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with theoretical knowledge, brief description of the current situationin is covered in a second part and the theoretical solutions are applied to the system in the third section.