CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os biofilmes sÃo uma forma mais resistente de vida microbiana comparada à forma planctÃnica, em vida livre. Essa resistÃncia està diretamente relacionada Ãs caracterÃsticas naturais de sobrevivÃncia das cÃlulas microbianas vivendo nesse tipo de comunidade. A doenÃa cÃrie capaz de acometer os tecidos dentais està diretamente relacionada com a formaÃÃo de comunidades microbianas e ainda apresenta grande impacto social e econÃmico sobre a sociedade atual. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a potencialidade de compostos vegetais como insumos biotecnolÃgicos a serem aplicados na prevenÃÃo e tratamento da cÃrie dental. Para tanto, foram realizadas metodologias de verificaÃÃo da atividade antimicrobiana e antibiofilme de lectinas vegetais do gÃnero Canavalia e Ãleos essenciais de Croton zehntneri assim como de seus componentes majoritÃrios frente a bactÃrias envolvidas na cÃrie. AlÃm disso, foi verificada a possÃvel aÃÃo simultÃnea de lectinas e diterpeno casbano (DC) sobre a expressÃo de genes de virulÃncia relacionados à formaÃÃo de biofilmes de Streptococcus mutans. Dentro dos limites das metodologias realizadas no presente trabalho pode-se concluir que: lectinas vegetais do gÃnero Canavalia podem interferir no fator micro-organismos relacionado à cÃrie dental; Ãleos essenciais e seus componentes majoritÃrios apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana significativa sobre S. mutans e ainda que as soluÃÃes da lectina ConM e ConM/DC atuando simultaneamente foram capazes de alterar a expressÃo de genes relacionados a formaÃÃo de biofilmes por S. mutans, podendo vir a ser usado em estudos prÃ-clÃnicos no intuito de instituir novas alternativas de prevenÃÃo e terapÃutica para doenÃa cÃrie. / Biofilms are more resistant form of microbial life compared to planktonic form, in the wild. This resistance is related to the natural characteristics of survival of microbial cells living in this type of community. The caries that can affect the dental tissues is directly related to the formation of microbial communities and still has great social and economic impact on society. This study aimed to investigate the potential of plant compounds as biotechnological inputs to be applied in prevention and treatment of dental caries. To this end, methods were performed to verify the antimicrobial and antibiofilme activity of plant lectins of the genus Canavalia and essential oils of Croton zehntneri as well as its major components against bacteria involved in caries. Furthermore, was verified the possible simultaneous action of lectins and casban diterpene (DC) on the expression of virulence genes related to biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Within the methodology undertaken in this work can be concluded that: lectins of the genus Canavalia can interfere with the factor micro-organisms related to dental caries; essential oils and their major components showed significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and that solutions of ConM lectin and ConM/DC acting simultaneously were able to alter the expression of genes related to biofilm formation by S. mutans, and may be used in preclinical studies in order to develop new alternatives for prevention and therapy for caries.

Title: The effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on dental caries and periodontitis in adults and the relationship between alcohol intake and visceral fat in the elderly. Objectives: The aim of my master thesis was to assess the influence of alcoholic beverages and cigarette smoking on the risk of dental caries and periodontitis in adults. Another aim was to assess the relationship between alcohol intake and visceral fat in the elderly. Methods: The thesis is carried out as two independent cross-sectional studies. In the first study, gender differences were tested using the non-parametric Kolmogorov- Smirnov test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed in kg and cigarettes smoked in pcs and the risk of dental caries or periodontitis. In the second study, body composition analysis was performed using the electrical bioimpedance method. Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the hypotheses. In addition, a dot plot depicting the relationship between the amount of alcohol and visceral fat was created. Results: A total of 18 respondents took part in the first study, a survey. The results showed a high statistically significant correlation between the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the risk of dental...

Inledning: Prevalensen av karies och övervikt/fetma hos barn och ungdomar beskrivs kort. Syfte: Att kartlägga och analysera studier som undersökt sambandet mellan kariesprevalens och BMI hos barn och ungdomar. Följande frågeställningar ska besvaras: Finns det en korrelation mellan kariesprevalens och BMI? Har gruppen överviktiga barn och ungdomar högre kariesprevalens? Har gruppen underviktiga barn och ungdomar högre kariesprevalens? Metod: Frågeställningarna besvaras med hjälp av en systematisk litteraturöversikt. Resultat: Utav sammanställningens 28 artiklar visade 14 på samband mellan karies och BMI och lika många visade inget samband. Tre av de som påvisade samband gjorde detta mellan karies och undervikt.Slutsats: Samband mellan kariesprevalens och BMI har visats i flera studier, medan andra studier inte har kunnat visa detta. Ytterligare studier behövs för att tydligare identifiera vilka faktorer som eventuellt är gemensamma och viktiga för utveckling av både karies och undervikt/övervikt/fetma hos barn och ungdomar. / Introduction: The prevalence of dental caries and underweight/overweight/obesity in children and adolescents are described briefly.Objective: To survey and analyze studies that examined the relationship between caries prevalence and BMI in children and adolescents. The following questions were to be answered: Is there a correlation between caries prevalence and BMI? Does the group of overweight children and adolescents have a higher caries prevalence? Does the group of underweight children and adolescents have a higher caries prevalence?Method: These questions were to be answered by a systematic literature review. Results: In the collection of all articles, it was fourteen that showed a correlation between dental caries and BMI and an equal number who did not show correlation. Of those who indicate a connection, there were three studies that showed a correlation between dental caries and underweight.Conclusion: Correlation between caries prevalence and BMI has been shown in several studies, other studies have not been able to show any correlation. Further studies are needed in the future to more clearly identify the factors that may be common and important for the development of both dental caries and underweight / overweight / obesity in children and adolescents.

No description available.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the baseline oral health status of infants and the level of their caregiver's oral health knowledge for families who received preventive oral health services in a medical setting. Methods: Using a prospective cohort study, children 0-3 years of age received an oral health screening, risk assessment, caregiver education, and a fluoride varnish treatment in an ambulatory pediatric medical clinic. A 16-item oral health knowledge and socio-demographic questionnaire was delivered to the caregiver of child. This questionnaire included knowledge, behavior and opinion items on risk factors for dental diseases, care of child's teeth, and socio-demographic characteristics of the family. Six-months after the medical visit, dental claims were examined to see if children had made a dental visit. Results: One hundred and ninety-five children received preventive oral health services in this clinic. Of these, 103 caregivers agreed to complete the oral health knowledge and socio-demographic questionnaire. Twenty-percent of children screening had visible signs of tooth decay, according to risk-assessment 72% were categorized as high-risk for tooth decay, and 83% received a fluoride varnish treatment. At 6-months, 9% of children were found to have had a dental visit. According to the caregiver questionnaire the likelihood of having a dental visit was correlated with the caregiver's knowledge of when a child should have their first dental visit and having been told by a medical professional when their child should be going to the dentist. Conclusion: Children are more likely to have a dental visit when caregivers are aware of the age 1 dental visit, or when advised to seek care by a medical professional. With increased education of medical providers, starting in medical residency training, more children can be seen for preventive oral health care resulting in an earlier establishment of a dental home.

O presente estudo foi conduzido durante vinte meses, sob supervisão, em região não fluoretada, para avaliar e comparar o efeito anticariogênico de um bochecho semanal, durante um minuto, com lO ml de solução aquosa de fluoreto de sódio a 0,2 por cento (grupo A) ou solução aquosa de monofluorfosfato de sódio a O,7 por cento (grupo B), ou solução aquosa de monofluorfosfato de sódio a 0,7 por cento contendo 4 por cento de álcool etílico (grupo C) sendo utilizada como controle solução aquosa de cloreto de sódio a 0,1 por cento (grupo D). A amostra inicial era constituída de 1.023 crianças, de 9 a 12 anos de idade, de seis escolas públicas estaduais, da região de Bauru, no Estado de São Paulo, balanceadas pelo número de dentes permanentes e pelo CPOS. Após doze meses restavam 220 crianças em cada grupo de estudo. As crianças dos grupos A e B apresentaram reduções de 16,00 por cento no CPOD e as do grupo C de 22,40 por cento , não significantes estatisticamente, em relação ao grupo controle. As reduções no CPOS foram de 26,06 por cento para crianças do grupo A, 26,63 por cento para as do grupo B e 30,88 por cento para as do grupo C, todas significantes ao nível de 5 por cento em relação ao grupo controle ,não significantes entre si. Após vinte meses, havia 206 crianças remanescentes em cada grupo de estudo. As reduções no CPOD foram de 36,76 por cento para as crianças do grupo A, 33,96 por cento para as do grupo B e 31,15 por cento para as do grupo C. As reduções no CPOS foram de 34,63 por cento para as crianças do grupo A, 27,54 por cento para as do grupo B e 32, 22 por cento para as do grupo C, todas estatisticamente significantes ao nível de 5 por cento , em relação ao grupo controle, mas não significantes entre si. / Children 9 to 12 years of age rinsed their teeth once a week during the school year for one minute with 10 ml of one of the following: A- 0,2 per cent sodium fluoride solution, B - 0,7 per cent sodium monofluorophosphate solution, C - 0,7 per cent sodium monofluorophosphate solution containing 4 per cent of ethanol, D- 0,1 per cent sodium chloride solution. The sample was constituted of school children from six public schools in the Bauru area, State of São Paulo. The children were evenly divided in four groups and care was taken to ensure that the groups had similar initial dental caries experience. The twelve months evaluation, based on 220 children in each group showed that children in groups A and B had 16,00 per cent less decayed teeth than the controls, the percentage of reduction being 22,40 per cent for group C. For dental surfaces the reduction were 26,06 per cent for group A, 26,63 per cent for group B and 30,88 per cent for group C, all statistically significant at 5 per cent level. However the groups did not differ statistically among themselves. A second evaluation, which was based on 206 children in each group, was made twenty months after the base line survey. The caries reductions on teeth were 36,76 per cent , 33,9.6 per cent and 31,15 per cent for groups A, B and C respectively. For dental faces the reductions on caries incidence were 34,63 per cent for children in group A, 27,54 per cent for those in group B and 32,22 per cent for group C. All these reductions were statistically significant against the control group, but again there were not significance when the fluoride groups were compared one with the other.

O presente estudo foi conduzido durante vinte meses, sob supervisão, em região não fluoretada, para avaliar e comparar o efeito anticariogênico de um bochecho semanal, durante um minuto, com lO ml de solução aquosa de fluoreto de sódio a 0,2 por cento (grupo A) ou solução aquosa de monofluorfosfato de sódio a O,7 por cento (grupo B), ou solução aquosa de monofluorfosfato de sódio a 0,7 por cento contendo 4 por cento de álcool etílico (grupo C) sendo utilizada como controle solução aquosa de cloreto de sódio a 0,1 por cento (grupo D). A amostra inicial era constituída de 1.023 crianças, de 9 a 12 anos de idade, de seis escolas públicas estaduais, da região de Bauru, no Estado de São Paulo, balanceadas pelo número de dentes permanentes e pelo CPOS. Após doze meses restavam 220 crianças em cada grupo de estudo. As crianças dos grupos A e B apresentaram reduções de 16,00 por cento no CPOD e as do grupo C de 22,40 por cento , não significantes estatisticamente, em relação ao grupo controle. As reduções no CPOS foram de 26,06 por cento para crianças do grupo A, 26,63 por cento para as do grupo B e 30,88 por cento para as do grupo C, todas significantes ao nível de 5 por cento em relação ao grupo controle ,não significantes entre si. Após vinte meses, havia 206 crianças remanescentes em cada grupo de estudo. As reduções no CPOD foram de 36,76 por cento para as crianças do grupo A, 33,96 por cento para as do grupo B e 31,15 por cento para as do grupo C. As reduções no CPOS foram de 34,63 por cento para as crianças do grupo A, 27,54 por cento para as do grupo B e 32, 22 por cento para as do grupo C, todas estatisticamente significantes ao nível de 5 por cento , em relação ao grupo controle, mas não significantes entre si. / Children 9 to 12 years of age rinsed their teeth once a week during the school year for one minute with 10 ml of one of the following: A- 0,2 per cent sodium fluoride solution, B - 0,7 per cent sodium monofluorophosphate solution, C - 0,7 per cent sodium monofluorophosphate solution containing 4 per cent of ethanol, D- 0,1 per cent sodium chloride solution. The sample was constituted of school children from six public schools in the Bauru area, State of São Paulo. The children were evenly divided in four groups and care was taken to ensure that the groups had similar initial dental caries experience. The twelve months evaluation, based on 220 children in each group showed that children in groups A and B had 16,00 per cent less decayed teeth than the controls, the percentage of reduction being 22,40 per cent for group C. For dental surfaces the reduction were 26,06 per cent for group A, 26,63 per cent for group B and 30,88 per cent for group C, all statistically significant at 5 per cent level. However the groups did not differ statistically among themselves. A second evaluation, which was based on 206 children in each group, was made twenty months after the base line survey. The caries reductions on teeth were 36,76 per cent , 33,9.6 per cent and 31,15 per cent for groups A, B and C respectively. For dental faces the reductions on caries incidence were 34,63 per cent for children in group A, 27,54 per cent for those in group B and 32,22 per cent for group C. All these reductions were statistically significant against the control group, but again there were not significance when the fluoride groups were compared one with the other.

Diseases of affluence are those that accompany any given society at any given time. The best "treatment" for diseases of affluence is prevention, which in nursing practice can be achieved by using appropriate teaching methods. One of the diseases of affluence is tooth decay. Recent studies have shown a significant decrease in oral hygiene amongst children. The result is an increase in tooth decay which has a negative impact on the secondary dentition. Prevention should include increasing children?s awareness of their own health and learning effective teeth cleaning with the help of their parents. The role of nurses in primary prevention of oral health of children is indispensable and includes various educational activities. This thesis is focused on the use of appropriate teaching methods of tooth decay prevention in nursing practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a prevention programme called ?A Healthy Tooth?. This programme was aimed at children in kindergarten and pupils in the first four years of primary schools. Its aim was to increase their skills and knowledge of preventing tooth decay. It was also aimed at parents of the children who were trained in this programme. To achieve the purposes of this thesis we used a methodological triangulation technique which enabled us to examine the impact of the programme by applying several different methods. The following methods were used: a questionnaire for parents and children, interviews with children and direct observation of children while they were cleaning their teeth. The questionnaire for parents and children consisted of six closed questions about the issue of tooth decay prevention. The questionnaires were anonymous and were compiled for the purposea of this thesis. The questionnaires were distributed to the children with a written consent from their parents. The research sample for the quantitative survey of parents included parents of children from kindergartens and primary schools in Jindřichův Hradec. 130 questionnaires were distributed, 128 (98 %) of completed questionnaires were returned and none of them were discarded. The research sample for the quantitative investigation of children included children from kindergartens and the first four years of primary schools in Jindřichův Hradec. With the consent of the parents, 24 children from kindergartens and 108 children from primary schools were interviewed. 132 (100%) questionnaires were classified for further evaluation. The data were evaluated using Microsoft Excel charts. To verify the hypotheses, we used a test of independence ? chi-square ? using a PivotTable. For the semi-structured interviews with children, we created a schedule of questions. The central topic of the interview was tooth decay and its prevention. Interviews with children were conducted with the written consent of their parents and were anonymised. Direct observation of children during toothbrushing was conducted to explore the method and sequence of cleaning their teeth. It was noted in the answer sheet and photographs were taken with the consent of the parents of the respondents. The research sample for the qualitative survey consisted of ten children ? five children from kindergartens in Jindřichův Hradec and five children from primary schools in Jindřichův Hradec. The data were processed in the SmartArt diagrams and tables using Microsoft Office Word 2007. The results of the survey helped determine the depth of knowledge and skills in the tooth decay prevention of children. It showed some positive effects of the use of appropriate teaching methods in the effectiveness of the prevention programme in nursing practice. It also contributed to the improvement of dental health in the child population.

Syfte: Målet med denna studie var att undersöka ett möjligt samband mellan de olika HLA-DRB1*-allelerna med mängden Mutans Streptococci (MS) i saliven, med fokus på HLA DRB1*04, i en grupp förskolebarn i södra Sverige, Skåne.Material och metod: Salivprover från 318 HLA-DRB1*-typade barn odlades på MSB-agarplattor och antalet MS CFU räknades. Resultaten analyserades statistiskt med chi-två-test.Resultat: Inget signifikant samband kunde fastställas mellan någon av DRB1*04-allelerna och mängden MS. Dock var höga MS-värden ungefär dubbelt så vanligt för homozygota DRB1*04 alleler (p = 0,354). Höga MS-värden var vanligare för DRB1*04:01 allelen (p = 0,717). Däremot var höga MS-värden procentuellt mycket mindre förekommande för DRB1*04:04 allelen (p = 0,098). Ett statistisk signifikant samband (p = 0,003) kunde ses för pojkar positiva för DRB1*07:01-allelen. Höga MS-värden var mycket vanligare för DRB1*07:01-allelen.Slutsats: Ett samband mellan HLA-DRB1-alleler och mängden MS i saliven kan finnas. Resultaten indikerar att barn positiva för DRB1*04:01-allelen och homozygota DRB1*04-alleler har en tendens att uppvisa ett högre MS-värde i saliven jämfört med barn negativa för allelen. HLA-typen är antagligen bara en av många faktorer som påverkar mängden MS. Resultaten från denna studie är delvis i linje med tidigare studier och ytterligare studier behövs. / Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate a possible relationship of the different HLA-DRB1* alleles, with focus on HLA-DRB1*04, and the amount of Mutans Streptococci (MS) in saliva from a group of preschool children in the Southern part of Sweden, in the County of Skåne.Material and method: Saliva samples from 318 HLA-DRB1* typed children were cultivated on MSB agar and CFU of MS was counted. The results were statistically analyzed using chi-square tests.Results: No statistical significant relationship could be established between any DRB1*04 allele and the amount of MS. However, high numbers of MS was found to be about twice as common for homozygote DRB1*04 alleles (p = 0.364). High numbers of MS was more common for DRB1*04:01 alleles (p = 0.717). On the contrary, high levels of MS was much less common for DRB1*04:04 alleles (p = 0.098). A statistical significant relationship (p = 0.003) could be seen for boys positive for the DRB1*07:01 allele. High MS count was much more common for DRB1*07:01 alleles.Conclusion: A relationship between HLA-DRB1 alleles and the amount MS in the saliva might exist. The results indicate that children positive for the DRB1*04:01 allele and homozygote DRB1*04 alleles have a tendency to display more MS in their saliva compared to children negative to the alleles. The HLA type might just be one of many factors affecting the amount of MS. The results are partly in line with earlier studies and further studies are needed.

Oral caries is the most prevalent chronic disease among US children, and disproportionately impacts those of low socioeconomic status. Studies have shown that the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC) improves access to dental care among Medicaid children. This study investigated the impact of WIC, Medicaid, and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) on the prevalence of dental caries among low-income children. The 1999-2000 and 2001-2002 NHANES data were utilized for this analysis. Children 2-4 years old who participated in WIC, Medicaid, or SCHIP, or who were uninsured, and for whom both interview and complete oral health exam data were available (n = 597) were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted to examine the effects of program participation on caries. There was no statistically significant association between dental caries and participation in public assistance programs. The risk of dental caries for children in MedicaidSCHIP only was comparable to the risk for children in WIC and MedicaidSCHIP (OR = 1.04; 95%CI = 0.622, 1.745) and also to uninsured children (OR = 0.96; 95%CI = 0.523, 1.773). Dental caries were not impacted if the child did not have a preventive dental visit in the past 6 months (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.436, 1.063) or did not have a regular dental care provider (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.646, 2.044). Participation in WIC and MedicaidSCHIP does not improve the oral health of low-income children. Because this population is a high-risk group requiring more specialized efforts, improving access to care is not sufficient to improve oral health. In addition to increased utilization of services, the program partnership between WIC and MedicaidSCHIP must provide targeted, educational interventions to prevent dental caries. It may also be necessary to increase the recommended number of preventive visits for low-income children.