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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / The ionosphere is a critical link in the earth's environment for space-based navigation, communications and surveillance systems. Signals sent down by the GPS satellites can provide an excellent means of studying the complex physical and chemical processes that take place there. GPS uses two frequencies to ascertain signal delays passing through the ionosphere. These are measured as errors and used to correct position solutions. Since this process is a means of measuring columns of Total Electron Content (TEC), multiple top-soundings from the GPS constellation could provide significant detail of the ionospheric pattern and possibly lead to enhancement of predictions for selectable areas and sites. This paper addresses transforming the GPS propagation delays (errors) into TEC and providing TEC contours on a PC-style workstation in real and integrated time and discusses a worldwide ionospheric network monitoring system.

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A posição condilar tem sido questionada como importante fator na detecção de sinais e sintomas de DTM,s. Por muito tempo, determinou-se que a concentricidade condilar refletiria uma posição ótima para o paciente. No entanto, outros trabalhos mostraram que era possível a visualização da descentralização dos côndilos, mesmo em pacientes assintomáticos. Dessa forma, avaliou-se neste trabalho a posição condilar antes e após instalação de PT,s novas, por meio de planigrafias laterais da ATM. O critério de seleção dos pacientes foi aleatório e, mediante a amostra escolhida, foi preenchido um questionário clínico-anamnésico, seguido de tomadas radiográficas com o par de dentaduras antigas e novas em 12 pacientes. Um único examinador conduziu o preenchimento das fichas e análise das radiografias no programa de imagens Corel Draw 8. De acordo com a metodologia aplicada e análise estatística dos resultados, verificou-se que a posição condilar em desdentados totais na primeira tomada radiográfica situou-se mais para anterior em 100% dos casos. Já o deslocamento condilar após instalação das novas próteses resultou em uma tendência de deslocamento para posterior em 75% dos indivíduos, para anterior em 16,7% e em 8,3% não houve variação da posição condilar. Dos 18 côndilos (75% casos) com deslocamento para posterior, apenas 1 côndilo assumiu uma posição levemente posterior, tendo os demais se localizado concentricamente ou para anterior. Não houve qualquer correlação estatisticamente significativa entre variações das posições condilares e dimensões verticais de oclusão. Provavelmente, os deslocamentos condilares encontrados sejam justificados pelas manipulações com forças variadas, aplicada pelos profissionais, para a posição de trabalho (RC). Baseado na literatura, a tendência de localização para posterior possivelmente não irá causar danos aos pacientes, tendo em vista se tratarem de indivíduos assintomáticos. / Condyle position have been questioned as a relevant factor in detection of signs and symptoms of TMD. For a long time, it was determined that condylar concentricity would reflect an ideal position for the pacient. However, others studies demonstrated that it was possible to visualize that condyles were not always concentic in assintomatic pacient. This study evaluated the condylar position before and after instalation of new complete dentures using plain tomography of TMJ,s. Twelve completely edentulous patients were selected randomly to have new complete dentures. A questionare was filled out and plain tomograms were taken with old and new complete dentures inserted. Only one examiner evaluated the questionare and tomograms using Corel Draw 8 image software. According to the metodology and statical analysis, it was noted that condyle position in completely edentulous patients in the first tomogram was anterior in 100% of patients. After insertion of new dentures, the condyles had a tedency to be posteriorly positioned relative to the initial tomogram in 75% of the, 16,7% of the condyles deslocated anteriorly, and in 8,3% did not change position. Of the 18 condyles (75% of total) with posterior displacement, only one condyle assumed a true, although slight, posterior position, with the others located in a concentric or anterior position. There was no any statical correlation between variation of condylar position and vertical dimension of occlusion. Probably, the condylar displacement occurred due to variations in the manipulation technique applied by the professionals for centric relation registration. Base on the literature, the tendency to posterior location of condyles of completely edentulous patients after new complete dentures insertion will not cause any damage in assintomatic patients.

Thesis advisor: Marc Snapper / Discoveries in organic chemistry have had profound impacts in many disciplines of science through the past century. Within the field of organic chemistry, research in total synthesis of natural products has provided a means of developing and advancing the study of different types of chemistry. The discovery of novel chemical transformations, use of total synthesis products in biochemical assay studies and structural studies of natural products are just a few examples of how total synthesis has influenced modern day chemistry. Developments in drug discovery such as the syntheses of penicillin and Taxol have led to applicable use of the science to help the greater global community. Total synthesis provides a means for chemists to use creativity and ingenuity to further develop knowledge of bioorganic compounds and to develop novel chemical transformations useful in medicinal chemistry. Within this paper, total synthesis will be illustrated as the most crowning achievement of modern day organic chemistry based on the earliest total syntheses, modern day total syntheses, the development of novel chemical reactions and its applicability to chemical biology research. / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Chemistry.

The number of Total Glossectomy cases in the United States is seeing an increasing trend as per the Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database. Patients, who have undergone such aggressive surgical procedures, have extensive limitations performing basic oral functions such as swallowing (deglutition), eating and speaking. Current rehabilitation prostheses do little in restoring the functionality of the original tongue. This is true especially in deglutition, which is necessary to transfer a bolus to the esophagus. Such patients need advanced prosthetic devices and through this research, investigations into potential solutions for prosthetic tongues to aid in deglutition were carried out. The process began with an extensive literature review that provided tongue position, motion, and pressure data during the swallowing stages. Several potential designs were considered such as using linkages and pneumatic networks (PneuNets). Based on a decision matrix, PneuNets were adopted as the foundational basis for generating prosthetic designs. Several prototypes were fabricated using Fused Filament Disposition for mold development and silicone Eco-flex 00-30 for actuator development. Each iteration involved tackling several design and manufacturing challenges especially when scaling these actuators from an initial experiment to an anatomical shape and size of a human tongue. A tongue of dimensions 1.8 inches wide, 2.4 inches long and 0.24 inches thick was developed. The PneuNet actuator was powered by a pneumatic system and kinematic data was collected using a tracking software. The data gathered provided validation comparisons between position trends exhibited in the literature. Theoretical deflection models were generated for analyzing the deflection of the front, middle and back sections of the tongue prototype. Details from literature review, design iterations, simulations, validation processes, research challenges and conclusions will be discussed in depth.

La gestión de la calidad total es un concepto que promueve la mejora en el desempeño operacional de las organizaciones, a través del uso de las prácticas de la calidad total. Los pioneros de este concepto, como Crosby, Deming, o Juran, propusieron que estas prácticas podían ser aplicadas en todo tipo de empresas. Las investigaciones empíricas han encontrado que algunos factores, como la cultura nacional, el sector industrial, y el tamaño de la organización, afectan la relación entre el uso de las prácticas de la calidad total y el desempeño organizacional. En la presente investigación cuantitativa, realizada en siete ciudades del Perú, se analizaron las prácticas de compromiso gerencial, enfoque en el cliente, administración de la calidad del proveedor, entrenamiento al trabajador, otorgamiento de poder al trabajador, involucramiento del trabajador, uso y análisis de la información, y diseño del producto; encontrándose que tienen una relación significativa con el desempeño operacional. Además, se encontró que la relación entre el uso de estas prácticas y el desempeño varía entre las empresas productoras de servicios y las productoras de bienes; así como entre las empresas pequeñas, medianas, y grandes. Se encontró también que las prácticas de otorgamiento de poder al trabajador e involucramiento del trabajador presentaron la menor correlación con el desempeño operacional, a diferencia de lo que se ha encontrado en países culturalmente distintos al Perú. Esto sugiere que la cultura nacional podría ser uno de los factores relacionados con la efectividad del uso de estas prácticas. No se conocen publicaciones académicas que hayan analizado a la vez la relación del sector industrial y el tamaño de la organización con la efectividad del uso de las prácticas de la calidad total, y en ello consiste la originalidad del presente estudio. / Tesis

The phylogeny of Eumalacostraca (Crustacea) has remained elusive, despite over a century of morphological and more recently molecular studies. Prior to this, no large scale combined evidence analyses of all eumalacostracan orders has been carried out. Evidence from four nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial loci (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) were combined with a newly synthesized morphological dataset to examine the utility of available data. With an aim to resolve conflict in the morphological dataset, fossils were added to the morphological dataset and their effects examined. The stratigraphic congruence of crustaceans was examined to determine the quality of existing trees. A modified protocol was developed to generate new molecular markers for the investigation of eumalacostracan phylogeny. Finally the effects of the new data on existing datasets were examined in a combined evidence approach. Significant conflict was detected between data partitions, especially between morphology and molecules. The addition of fossil data revealed the morphological dataset to be very sensitive to taxon sampling. Stratigraphic congruence was found to be poor for the five crustacean groups examined. Histone 3 and alanyl-tRNA synthetase were shown to be capable of successfully recovering relationships at the level of genus and above. Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase failed to recover monophyletic groupings when analysed alone. Combining all molecular data produced well-supported phylogenies, but significant conflict between data partitions was identified and trees were very sensitive to taxon sampling. Rate heterogeneity and conflict between data partitions mean that the total sum of molecular and morphological evidence as presented here is currently unable to resolve a wellsupported eumalacostracan phylogeny. We recommend additional taxon sampling and further sampling of novel markers using the modified protocol developed here as well as the addition of fossil data and the exploitation of next generation sequencing technologies.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general proponer estrategias de coaching para mejorar la calidad de servicio del Restaurante Turístico 25 horas ciudad de Chiclayo 2017, presentando un diseño descriptivo propositivo, no experimental de corte transversal, el cual tras un análisis cuantitativo empleando como técnica la encuesta y como instrumento un cuestionario estructurados mediante la teoría de calidad de servicios propuesta por Cronin y Taylor, dirigido a una muestra de 134 clientes de dicho restaurante obtenidos mediante muestreo probabilístico, se llegó a determinar que la calidad de servicio del restaurante Turístico 25 horas es percibida como regular por los clientes que acuden a dicho establecimiento presentando algunos problemas en cuanto a disposición de ayuda, confiabilidad y seguridad; además en cuanto al establecimiento en la dimensión tangibilidad, esta se muestra poco atractiva, con problemas en limpieza. Otro punto importante es en el que los trabajadores deben estar correctamente uniformados, y teniendo conocimiento de los platos que se ofrecen en el lugar, por otro lado se determinaron estrategias en cuanto a valores del establecimiento, así como conocimiento de la metodología coaching y talleres de atención al cliente, los cuales incluyen estandarización de respuestas de actividades para el buen desempeño laboral y por ende la mejora de la calidad de servicio. / Tesis