Dur At Talah sedimentary sequence, located at the southern side of the Sirt Basin in central Libya, is composed of 150 m thick of mainly siliciclastic rocks. The importance of this sequence is linked to the importance of the Sirt Basin as one of large hydrocarbon reservoirs in Libya. The sequence is also an excellent site for vertebrate fossils of Late Eocene, the age of the sequence. Previous studies, though very limited compared to the importance of this area, are focused on its paleontological content. Sedimentology received only scant attention before this project. This thesis is an outcrop based study in which the focus is given to the sedimentary and biogenic (trace fossils) structures, aiming at defining and interpreting depositional facies which building up the sequence. The study is mainly based on field data which are analyzed on the light of related published literature and on the comparison with modern sedimentary environments. Results of facies analysis have led to splitting the entire sequence into three genetically related intervals. The oldest, we called the New Idam Unit (around 80m), is composed of very fine sandstones to mudstones. New Idam Unit is unconformably overlain by the Sarir Unit (around 50m), composed of medium grained cross bedded sandstones (the lower 25-30 m) changes up to very coarse and microconglomeratic sandstone (the upper 20-30 m). Thus, the Sarir Unit is split into the lower Sarir Subunit and upper Sarir subunit. The New Idam Unit presents both classical and unusual sedimentary and biogenic indicators that attribute this unit to estuarine depositional environment. It starts with outer estuarine (the lower 35 m) and ends up with inner estuarine (the upper 45 m). Maximum flooding surface is located in between. Above this surface the fluvial indicators increase and tidal indicators decrease, thus providing clue for basinward (North) migration of the shoreline. The lower Sarir subunit which was previously interpreted as fluvial deposits, preserves multi-scale sedimentary structures that undoubtedly belong to tidal processes. This is especially evidenced at the lower part of the lower Sarir Subunit (LLS). Fluvial indications over dominates the tidal ones in the upper part of the lower Sarir (ULS). Due to this configuration the whole lower Sarir subunit is interpreted as shallow marine, deltaic, depositional system, occurred during sea level ¨normal¨ regression. This time, maximum flooding surface is located between the LLS and ULS. The lower Sarir subunit is terminated by subaerial unconformity, with evidences of subaerial exposure preserved at the top of the ULS. These are intruded by the upper Sarir subunit which presents clear evidences of strictly fluvial environment of deposition. The deposits of the upper Sarir subunit record the low stand system tract part of the Dur At Talah sequence. In addition to the outlined results, the sequential pattern of the depositional events is suggested for the entire sequence of Dur At Talah. This study provides a valuable information regarding the depositional and sequential aspects of the Sirt Basin during the late Eocene, it also provide an unique case study for the better understanding of the shallow marine tidal deposits.

The Boacica Member of the Batinga Formation, in the Sergipe-Alagoas basin, occurs on the high structural Japoatã (SE), Penedo and Palmeira Alta (AL), characterized by rhythmic intercalation of laminated siltstones, shales and very fine sandstones, assigned to a system depositional deltaics fronts and prodeltas. Despite very poor fossiliferous content, some analyzes recovered palynomorphs characteristic from the Eo Mesopennsylvanian (Neocarboniferous), and some levels are locally abundant ichnofossils. Ichnological associations are poorly diversified, represented by traces of rest or locomotion. The discovery of trace fossils associated with the emergence of new outcrops, allowed the new studies lithostratigraphic and paleontological detailed in this unit. This study had to perform the characterization lithostratigraphic and paleontological in two outcrops of this unit, Batinga 5 and Pescocinho 3. The sections are characterized by rhythmic intercalations of shales, siltstones laminated and massives of whitish gray color, with very fine sandstones cream colored, sometimes showing cyclical patterns of coarsening upward prays fining upward reflecting changes in the depositional process. The sandstones generally show structures climbing-ripples. According to the stratigraphic succession raised in these outcrops, eight sedimentary facies were observed, confirming that the deposits of facies suggest prodelta, delta front, turbidite lobes, lake bottom, fluvial, crevasses and the debris englaciais. The ichnofossils were observed along some facies and analyzed in different lithologies (shales, siltstones and sandstones) but are not as abundant in Batinga 5. The ichnofossils presented themselves as bioturbation structures, featuring brands resting, locomotion and pasture. Traces are reduced sizes and present as bilobates thrails, straight or curved, oval, in a "coffee beans" form and other tracks irregular with random crossing. The traces were classified as belonging to the ichnospecie Isopodichnus problematica Schindewolf, 1921 and ichnogenus Rusophycus Hall, 1852, Helminthoidichnites Fitch, 1850, Aulichnites Fenton & Fenton, 1937, are more common in siltstones and shales. The ichnospecie Paganzichnus carboniferus Pazos, 2000 together with ichnogenus Gordia Emmons, 1844 and Scoyenia White, 1929, are more common in sandy prodeltaic facies, although also found in siltstones-shale facies. Probably these traces were generated by activities of the arthropods, branchiopods crustaceans and organisms nematomorph. It was also verified that one morphotype was named as Morphotype A . This morphotype displays small short lines with elongated shapes, with a straight path to curve slightly, with differents directions and is preserved in convex hyporelief or concave epirelief both being frequent in muddy facies prodeltaics as in sandy facies of deltaic front. The association of the traces studied here features a subaqueous environment, muddy, shallow and relatively calm may represent the ichnofacies Mermia (lake) and Scoyenia (transitional). / O Membro Boacica da Formação Batinga, da bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas, ocorre entre os altos estruturais de Japoatã (SE), Penedo e Palmeira Alta (AL), sendo caracterizado pela intercalação rítmica de siltitos laminados, folhelhos e arenitos muito finos, atribuídos a um sistema deposicional de frentes deltaicas e prodeltas. Apesar do conteúdo fossilífero ser muito pobre, algumas análises recuperaram palinomorfos característicos do Eo a Mesopensilvaniano (Neocarbonífero), e alguns níveis são localmente abundantes em icnofósseis. As associações icnológicas são pouco diversificadas, representadas por icnitos de repouso ou locomoção. A descoberta de icnofósseis, associada ao surgimento de novos afloramentos, favoreceu a realização de novos estudos litoestratigráficos e paleontológicos mais detalhados nesta unidade. Esse estudo teve como principal objetivo realizar a caracterização litoestratigráfica e paleontológica em dois afloramentos desta unidade, Batinga 5 e Pescocinho 3. As seções caracterizam-se por intercalações rítmicas de folhelhos, siltitos laminados e maciços de coloração cinza esbranquiçada, com arenitos muito finos de coloração creme, exibindo padrões cíclicos ora de coarsening upward ora de fining upward refletindo mudanças no processo deposicional. Os arenitos de maneira geral apresentam estruturas de climbing-ripples. De acordo com sucessões estratigráficas levantadas nestes afloramentos, oito fácies sedimentares foram observadas, constatando-se que os depósitos sugerem fácies de prodelta, frente deltaica, lobos turbidíticos, fundo de lago, crevasses, fluviais e detritos englaciais. Os icnofósseis foram observados ao longo de algumas fácies analisadas e em diferentes litotipos (folhelhos, siltitos e arenitos), porém não são tão abundantes em Batinga 5. Os icnofósseis apresentaram-se como estruturas de bioturbação, caracterizando icnitos de repouso, locomoção e pastagem. As pistas são de tamanhos reduzidos apresentando-se como pistas bilobadas, retas ou curvas, ovaladas, impressões em forma de grãos de café e outras pistas irregulares com cruzamentos aleatórios. Os traços que foram classificados como pertencentes à icnoespécie Isopodichnus problematicus Schindewolf, 1921 e aos icnogêneros Rusophycus Hall, 1852, Helminthoidichnites Fitch, 1850 e Aulichnites Fenton & Fenton, 1937 são mais frequentes nos siltitos e folhelhos. A icnoespécie Paganzichnus carboniferus Pazos, 2000 juntamente com os icnogêneros Gordia Emmons, 1844 e Scoyenia White, 1929 são mais frequentes nas fácies arenosas do prodelta, embora também sejam encontrados em fácies sílticosargilosas. Provavelmente, esses traços foram gerados por atividades de artrópodes, crustáceos branquiópodos e organismos nematomorfos. Também foi verificado um morfotipo não identificado nomeado Morfotipo A que exibe pequenos traços curtos com formas alongadas, com uma trajetória reta a pouco curva, com direções variadas e estão preservados em hiporrelevo convexo ou epirrelevo côncavo estando frequentes tanto em fácies lamosas prodeltaicas quanto em fácies arenosas da frente deltaica. A associação dos traços aqui estudados caracteriza um ambiente subaquoso, lamoso, relativamente calmo e raso podendo representar as icnofácies Mermia (lacustre) e Scoyenia (transicional).

La séquence sédimentaire du Dur At-Talah, située dans la partie sud du bassin de Syrte au centre de la Libye, est composée de 150 m d'épaisseur de roches principalement siliciclastiques (grès, siltites et argiles). L'importance de cette séquence est liée en partie à l'importance du bassin de Sirt qui est un des plus grands réservoirs d'hydrocarbures de Libye. La séquence est également un des plus important site de fossiles de vertébrés de l’Eocène supérieur, l'âge de la séquence. Les études antérieures, bien que très limitées par rapport à l'importance de cette zone, se sont concentrées principalement sur le contenu paléontologique de la séquence. L’étude sédimentologique n’avait été jusqu’à ce jour que très peu abordée. Cette thèse est un travail basé sur l’examen des affleurements et où l'accent est mis sur les structures sédimentaires et biogéniques (traces fossiles), visant à définir et à interpréter les faciès sédimentaires qui ont construit la séquence du Dur At Talah. L’ étude de la séquence a conduit à diviser la totalité de l’affleurement en trois intervalles génétiquement liés. Le plus ancien que nous avons appelé la « New Idam Unit » (environ 80 m d’épaisseur), est composé de grès très fins, de siltites et d’argiles. Cette unité (New Idam Unit) est recouverte en discordance par la « Sarir Unit » (environ 50 m d’épaisseur), composée de grès fins à moyens à faisceaux de litages entrecroisées dans sa partie inférieure (environ 25-30 m d’épaisseur) et de grès grossiers à microconglomératiques dans sa partie supérieure (environ 20-30 m d’épaisseur). La « Sarir Unit » est ainsi divisée en « Sarir inférieur » et « Sarir supérieur ». La « New Idam Unit » présente des dépôts qui sont attribués à un milieu main estuarien. La série débute par des dépôts d’environ 35 m d’épaisseur typiques d’un estuaire externe. Les 45 mètres qui lui font suite passent progressivement à des dépôts tidaux caractéristiques d’un estuaire interne. La Surface d'inondation maximale se situe entre les deux intervalles. Au-dessus de cette surface les indicateurs fluviaux augmentent et les indicateurs de marées diminuent progressivement, offrant ainsi un indice pour la migration de la rive de rivage vers le bassin (vers le Nord). La sous-unité du Sarir inférieur qui avait été interprétée avant ce travail comme dépôts fluviatiles, préserve pourtant des structures sédimentaires multi-échelles qui sont le résultat incontestable de processus de marée. Ceci est particulièrement évident dans la partie inférieure de l’unité « Sarir inférieur » (la Lower Lower Sarir Unit ; LLS). Dans la partie supérieure de l’unité Sarir inférieur (Upper Lower Sarir; ULS), les indicateurs de dynamique fluviale dominent largement sur ceux de la marée. Le Sarir inférieur est donc interprété comme un système deltaique mis en place lors d’une régression normale. Cette fois-ci, la surface maximale d'inondation se situe entre le LLS et ULS. Le « Upper Lower Sarir » (ULS) se terminée par une discordance subaérienne, avec de nombreuses traces d’émersion conservées au sommet de l'ULS. Celles-ci sont recoupées par le « Upper Sarir » qui montre des marqueurs fiables d'environnement de dépôt strictement fluvials. Les dépôts du « Upper Sarir » enregistre la séquence de bas niveau marin. Cette étude fournit des informations précieuses concernant le dépôt des séquences dans le bassin de Syrte au cours de la fin de l'Éocène. Elle fournit également une étude originale sur la dynamique tidale dans des milieux marins margino-littoraux. / Dur At Talah sedimentary sequence, located at the southern side of the Sirt Basin in central Libya, is composed of 150 m thick of mainly siliciclastic rocks. The importance of this sequence is linked to the importance of the Sirt Basin as one of large hydrocarbon reservoirs in Libya. The sequence is also an excellent site for vertebrate fossils of Late Eocene, the age of the sequence. Previous studies, though very limited compared to the importance of this area, are focused on its paleontological content. Sedimentology received only scant attention before this project. This thesis is an outcrop based study in which the focus is given to the sedimentary and biogenic (trace fossils) structures, aiming at defining and interpreting depositional facies which building up the sequence. The study is mainly based on field data which are analyzed on the light of related published literature and on the comparison with modern sedimentary environments. Results of facies analysis have led to splitting the entire sequence into three genetically related intervals. The oldest, we called the New Idam Unit (around 80m), is composed of very fine sandstones to mudstones. New Idam Unit is unconformably overlain by the Sarir Unit (around 50m), composed of medium grained cross bedded sandstones (the lower 25-30 m) changes up to very coarse and microconglomeratic sandstone (the upper 20-30 m). Thus, the Sarir Unit is split into the lower Sarir Subunit and upper Sarir subunit. The New Idam Unit presents both classical and unusual sedimentary and biogenic indicators that attribute this unit to estuarine depositional environment. It starts with outer estuarine (the lower 35 m) and ends up with inner estuarine (the upper 45 m). Maximum flooding surface is located in between. Above this surface the fluvial indicators increase and tidal indicators decrease, thus providing clue for basinward (North) migration of the shoreline. The lower Sarir subunit which was previously interpreted as fluvial deposits, preserves multi-scale sedimentary structures that undoubtedly belong to tidal processes. This is especially evidenced at the lower part of the lower Sarir Subunit (LLS). Fluvial indications over dominates the tidal ones in the upper part of the lower Sarir (ULS). Due to this configuration the whole lower Sarir subunit is interpreted as shallow marine, deltaic, depositional system, occurred during sea level ¨normal¨ regression. This time, maximum flooding surface is located between the LLS and ULS. The lower Sarir subunit is terminated by subaerial unconformity, with evidences of subaerial exposure preserved at the top of the ULS. These are intruded by the upper Sarir subunit which presents clear evidences of strictly fluvial environment of deposition. The deposits of the upper Sarir subunit record the low stand system tract part of the Dur At Talah sequence. In addition to the outlined results, the sequential pattern of the depositional events is suggested for the entire sequence of Dur At Talah. This study provides a valuable information regarding the depositional and sequential aspects of the Sirt Basin during the late Eocene, it also provide an unique case study for the better understanding of the shallow marine tidal deposits.