This thesis is devoted to the EU Common transport policy with a focus on rail and road transport. The first chapter briefly describes the historical development of transport and ultimately defines its basic concepts. The following chapter is exclusively focused on the basic characteristics of the critical areas of selected transport sectors, which in the context of the integration of European transport systems play a crucial role. The third chapter deals with the characteristics of three Transport White Papers and defines the objectives of the Common Transport Policy and TEN-T policy. Another part deals with the Trans-European transport network and the evaluation of the success of the construction of TEN-T. The last chapter analyzes the success of the objectives of the EU Common Transport Policy defined in the third chapter.