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The aim of the study called Creating of constructs for study of function DRM1 in Arabidopsis thaliana was to create a construct harbouring the gene of interest DRM1 (dormancy-associated protein), and other components necessary for successful transgenosis, by which will be transformed Arabidopsis thaliana plants in order to study the function of this gene in the plant organism. DRM1 function has not been identified yet, but the gene was annotated as putative dormancy-associated protein. The final gene cassette, containing DRM1 gene under promoter for the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), was inserted into the vector pGreen II giving the recombinant plasmid pWell17A whose completeness was verified by restriction analysis. The Rubisco promoter ensure DRM1 gene overexpression in transgenic plants and on the basis of this overexpression is determined DRM1 gene function.

This work is focused on the molecular conditionality of flax resistance to heavy metals. Attention was therefore devoted to the identification of proteins whose role in stress response to heavy metals have not been discovered yet in flax. Two contrasting flax varieties displayed differences in steady state levels of short thiol peptides (GSH and PC) and heavy-metal binding proteins (ferritin and lipocalin) which can detoxify cadmium via chelation. These results are the first published analysis of the proteomic response to cadmium exposure in commercially important annual crop with potential use in phytoremediation. Another of the objectives was to verify the possibilities of influencing the flax resistance to heavy metal using transgenosis. There were obtained a multiplied flax plants, in which the presence of a transgene was verified, and these lines were tested for tolerance and accumulation of cadmium in both in vitro and in the field conditions.

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Tortricidae) is a significant pest in apple orchards. In the 1990ies, a control programme using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been established, based on bisexual releases of sterile insects into wild populations of this pest. Male-only releases are not possible due to the lack of an efficient system to produce male-only progeny. Recently, a new approach has been proposed for the development of genetic sexing strains in Lepidoptera. It is based on insertion of a dominant conditional lethal mutation of the Notch gene, derived from the N60g11 allele of Drosophila, into the female W chromosome by means of transgenesis. This study deals with isolation, characterization, and chromosomal localization of a codling moth orthologue of the Drosophila Notch gene with the aim to prepare a mutant sequence of the orthologue to be used in plasmid constructs for germline transformation of this pest.

Transgenesis of silkworms has great potential for the development of silk with new properties as well as for the preparation of recombinant proteins for the use in biomedicine. Zabelina et al. (2015a) showed that transgenesis of parthenogenetic silkworms facilitates the selection and maintenance of transgenic homozygotes with stabile transgene insertions. However, the efficiency of transgenesis was less than 2 % compared to 60 % in the standard, non-parthenogenetic silkworms. The purpose of the present research was to explore the cause of this difference. Since transgenesis is normally performed at 25 °C but in the parthenogenetic silkworms at 15 °C (3 days incubation at this temperature is part of the protocol for the induction of parthenogenetic development), we assumed that the eggs incubated at 15 °C might have been injected with the DNA construct at unsuitable time. The work was therefore focused on the rate of embryogenesis at 15 °C in the eggs treated in different ways. Intensive cleavage of the control eggs (strain K23) was observed at 12 h after oviposition at 25 °C and between 24 and 36 h at 15 °C. The transgenesis of parthenogenetic silkworms is also complicated by the embryonic diapause. In the current work, diapause was suppressed by implanting PK1 ovaries into the non-parthenogenetic male hosts K23. Parthenogenetic development was activated by the heat shock in the chorionated eggs dissected from the implants. No cleavage was detected at 12 h after the acti-vation and nearly complete blastoderm was found at 48 h. In respect to the course of cleavage at 15 °C, transgene injection 24 h after the activating heat shock can be recommended. The eggs from endogenous ovaries of the K23 females, which also contained the implants of the PK1 ovaries, acquired partial capacity of parthenogenesis. Low rate of embryogenesis was also found in the transgenic clone VTG1. Current results suggest that more research is needed to understand and possibly explore differences in the rate of silkworms exposed to different treatments.

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