This article shows how changing ideologies and evolving market forces have combined to lessen German publishers’ enthusiasm for Swahili literature – and how, surprisingly, translators of Swahili are now taking the initiative to ensure that Swahili literature still gets published. After outlining preceding periods of translation and showing how they are determined by ideologies and market forces, I take a close and partially personal look at the development and role of the translator-publishers: how digital technology and new formats have enabled them to take over classical publishers’ tasks. Still, even if translators manage to publish their translated works, they are confronted with the challenge of reaching an audience and creating a space for Swahili literature in German-speaking countries. These translators could possibly join forces to reach a critical mass for translations, thus paving the way for Swahili translated literature to be recognized and appreciated by German-speaking readers.

Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / The main objective of this study was to investigate interpreting practices within the psychiatric hospital San Marco1, in the Western Cape. More specifically, the aim was to determine what factors might lead to the obstruction of accuracy by asking employees that act as official and unofficial interpreters to report on certain issues relating to interpreting practices. The second objective of the study was to gain some understanding of what interpreters experience when doing interpreting especially since unofficial interpreters (nurses, cleaners and administrative staff) are often used to act as interpreters within South Africa’s public health services and this may not only have implications for accuracy but also for interpreters’ own mental health. A cross-sectional qualitative interview design was used. The research participants consisted of eight employees of San Marco, (including two administrative clerks/ interpreters, two bilingual security guards, and four bilingual nurses), and two bilingual psychiatrists, who, though not being employees of San Marco, yet have experience in interpreting while working as psychiatrists within psychiatric institutions in South Africa. Participants were asked to respond to semi-structured questions. In addition, participants took part in a structured task in which they were asked to translate and back-translate commonly-used diagnostic questions. Content analysis was used to analyse data collected from semi-structured interviews and participants’ translations and back-translations were checked for inaccuracies. The analysis of interviews revealed the following information: • not all of the participants who act as interpreters are in fact functionally bilingual in the context with which they work • none of the interpreters are trained in interpreting; and • a clear distinction could be drawn between interpreters who have training in mental health compared to those who lack training in mental health or psychiatry. Furthermore participants’ translations of the nine questions were approximately right. Participants’ translations conveyed more or less the same messages as what was intended with the original English questions. In fact the translations were fairly accurate for untrained interpreters. However, participants were not always specific as to what they were asking about. Interpreters need to translate questions in such a way that it is diagnostically specific in order for the clinician to make an accurate diagnosis. It is crucial that patients have a clear understanding about what the interpreter are asking them and this was not always evident in participants’ translations. The abovementioned results may for obvious reasons lead to the obstruction of accurate interpretation however it should not be attributed to a lack of competence on the interpreters part but should rather be attributed to challenges in a health system which has inherited a history of discrimination and continues to discriminate against certain patients, even when clinicians and interpreters alike may be doing their best not to discriminate. The problem is structural rather than individual, and needs to be addressed as such, and in the context of competing demands in public health care. Although the interviews did reveal valuable information regarding the obstruction of accuracy it should be kept in mind that an analysis of actual recorded interpreting sessions between the clinician, patient and interpreter is necessary for a more in depth understanding of the obstruction of accuracy as investigated in this study and such a study is currently in the planning phase.

The thesis follows the emergence of Joseph Brodsky`s work in the Czech Republic, it comments on the very first publications. The author enumerates and describes all of the Czech translations: poetic and prosaic (essays, dramas and dialogues) . Present work proposes very detailed analysis of translated poetry (translations were made by different authors from 1960`s till nowadays), characterizes stylistic approaches, methods of translation and provides comparison. The author gives information about Saint-Petersburg`s meetings of Joseph Brodsky and Václav Daněk - Czech poet and his further translator. On the basis of interviews, dialogues and memoires of the contemporaries the work illustrates poet`s attitude to famous people of Czech culture; it also mentions poetic translations of Joseph Brodsky made from Czech language. The work demonstrates Brodsky`s opinion on the creation of good translation. Also the author presents a number of Czech articles devoted to Josepf Brodsky and his work.

The thesis focuses on the position of graduates of the master's programme in translation and interpreting at the Institute of Translation Studies at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague (formerly Department of Translation and Interpreting at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University; University of 17 November) on the labour market. It follows up on the survey of employment possibilities of graduates of these institutions which was carried out in 1997 (Čeňková). The theoretical part of the thesis addresses graduate placement from the viewpoint of education policy and of translation studies. This part also provides a description of language industry trends and problems of the translation and interpreting market, with particular emphasis on the Czech environment. The empirical part presents the results of a questionnaire survey among graduates in the field of translation and interpreting from 1967 to 2010. The survey focuses on the current position of the graduates on the labour market, on the development of their professional careers, on the transition of graduates to the labour market after completing their studies, on some aspects of the work of freelance translators and interpreters, on an assessment of the study programme and on the perception of the translating and interpreting...

L’influence littéraire exercée par l'Espagne du Siècle d’or sur la France du premier XVIIe siècle est liée à un ample mouvement éditorial. Cette thèse, qui associe histoire du livre et histoire littéraire, étudie les traductions françaises de textes espagnols qui ont circulé en France entre 1600 et 1660 – traductions qui concernent des textes de toute nature (religieux, littéraires, scientifiques, techniques...). Pour évaluer l’ampleur de ce mouvement éditorial, une enquête bibliométrique est d’abord réalisée. Elle permet de reconstituer l’histoire de cette diffusion par l’imprimé. On identifie les principaux foyers de production et on examine la production des officines de librairie engagées dans ce marché. L’analyse se porte ensuite sur l’activité de traduction elle-même, dans la diversité de ses pratiques. Les profils des principaux traducteurs d’espagnol en français sont distingués : le traducteur professionnel, l’amateur éclairé, l’imprimeur, le religieux, le médecin etc. Une attention particulière est accordée aux hommes de lettres qui tentent de concilier un travail de plume mal considéré avec leurs ambitions littéraires. Les pratiques des traducteurs sont enfin cernées par l’analyse des textes et de leur « mise en livre », en comparant différentes traductions (concurrentes ou successives) d’un même texte. Les motivations diverses de ces versions et la spécificité de chaque projet d’écriture et de publication sont ainsi cernées. Portant sur un large pan de la production écrite en français souvent délaissé par l'histoire littéraire, ce travail sur la pénétration de la culture espagnole en France et sur le monde des traducteurs interroge aussi la relation entre écriture et publication, et sur le rôle de « l’éditorial » dans la construction de l’autorité littéraire. / The literary influence exercised by Golden Age Spain on France in the first half of the 17th century is related to a very considerable mass of editorial activity. This thesis, which combines the history of the book and literary history, studies French translations of Spanish texts which circulated in France between 1600 and 1660 - translations concerning texts of all kinds (religious, literary, scientific, technical, etc.).In order to evaluate this editorial activity, a bibliometric enquiry must first be carried out. This enquiry allows us to reconstitute the history of of the circulation of this material in print. The principal centres of production are identified and the production of the workshops of the booksellers’ operating in this market are examined. The analysis then shifts to the activity of translation itself, in all its diversity. The profiles of the different principal translators from Spanish to French are laid out: the professional translator, the enlightened amateur, the printer, the cleric, the physician, etc. Particular attention is paid to men of letters who attempt to conciliate what is perceived as lowly hackwork with their literary ambitions. Finally, the translators’ practices themselves are the object of study, through comparison, using textual analysis as well as examining questions of format and layout, of different (concurrent or successive) translations of the same text. Account is thus made of the diverse motivations of these versions and the specificity of each writing project and publication. Taking as its base a large swathe of writing produced in French often neglected by literary history, this study of the penetration of Spanish culture in France and of the world of translators looks anew at the relation between writing and publication, as well as at the editorial role in the construction of literary legitimacy.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-04T13:22:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arlete Borba da Silva.pdf: 607351 bytes, checksum: 0b87a89b186d1e6af7fcc6313fde5c91 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T13:22:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arlete Borba da Silva.pdf: 607351 bytes, checksum: 0b87a89b186d1e6af7fcc6313fde5c91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present research envisions a study of the short story “O burrinho pedrês” (“The Little Dust-brown Donkey”) by Guimarães Rosa, based on the author’s writing project, the so-called Platform project. The research unfolds through the analysis of the letters Guimarães sent to his translators, as well as interviews and statements given by the author. His Project enabled us to observe/perceive a line of thought that guides and directs translators into producing freer translations (CARVALHAL, 1993), whose essential aspects should meet those experienced by the writer in his creation process. Such notions can be verified in the narrative “The Little Dust-brown Donkey”, the most celebrated short story in the author’s debut book, as well as in his work in prose, configuring his inaugural quality within the national panorama that corresponds to the third generation of Modernism in Brazil (CANDIDO, 1989). Among other aspects, we highlight some characteristics in this short story that evoke folk tales (COELHO, 1987; PROPP, 1984); the fantastic literature (TODOROV, 2008); and the craft-like nature of narrative (BENJAMIN, 2012). In order to confirm the work’s experimental and hybrid quality, this study focuses on macro-micro relationships at both the structural and thematic levels between the main narrative and the mini narratives. All the factors raised have contributed to the visualization of an analogical framework, created by the comparison between the lives of men and animals, and have promoted a possible interpretation of the work in question / Esta pesquisa vislumbra um estudo da narrativa de “O burrinho pedrês” de Guimarães Rosa, sob a luz do seu projeto de escrita denominado Platform. O projeto delimita-se por meio da análise das correspondências trocadas com seus tradutores, de entrevistas e de depoimentos dados pelo escritor. Nele se reflete uma linha de pensamento que orienta e direciona seus tradutores para uma tradução mais livre (CARVALHAL, 1993), cujos aspectos essenciais seguem o mesmo caminho percorrido pelo escritor na criação de seus textos. Essas concepções são rastreadas na narrativa do burrinho, que se apresenta como pórtico da primeira obra de peso do escritor e de sua produção em prosa, configurando seu caráter inaugural, dentro de um panorama nacional que corresponde à terceira geração do Modernismo no Brasil (CANDIDO, 1989). Entre outros aspectos, são destacados os traços que o texto apresenta e que o aproxima dos contos maravilhosos (COELHO, 1987), tema também discutido por Wladimir Propp (1984); do fantástico (TODOROV, 2008); e da narrativa artesanal (BENJAMIN, 2012). Para se ratificar o caráter experimental e híbrido do conto, o estudo ainda atenta às relações macro e micro, no nível estrutural e temático entre a narrativa central e as mini-narrativas. Todos os fatores levantados contribuem para a visualização do campo analógico criado entre a vida dos homens e a dos animais e fomentam uma possível leitura da obra

Esta dissertação trata da temática da tradução juramentada, que tem sido cada vez mais objeto de pesquisa nos Estudos da Tradução, por conta de sua presença significativa, seja no âmbito acadêmico ou empresarial. A tradução juramentada, que difere das demais formas de tradução especialmente pela força imposta pela fé pública, que incide na postura e olhar adotados pelos Tradutores Públicos e Intérpretes Comerciais brasileiros, nos conduziu à hipótese de que a visibilidade do tradutor torna-se acentuada em virtude da delegação desse poder, que tem por finalidade principal a segurança jurídica das relações negociais na sociedade. A partir de um histórico escolar brasileiro do Ensino Médio, traduzido por doze tradutores públicos paulistanos para o inglês do Canadá, este trabalho tem por objetivo, com o auxílio das modalidades de tradução de Aubert (2006), mapear as estratégias de tradução e os perfis desses diferentes profissionais, oriundos de duas gerações distintas, aprovados nos dois últimos concursos realizados pela Junta Comercial do Estado de São Paulo (1978 e 1998), considerando a sua visibilidade pela fé pública. A tipologia textual documento escolar e o gênero histórico escolar foram selecionados tendo em vista sua grande frequência em tradução juramentada, motivada pelo crescente intercâmbio acadêmico-cultural entre Brasil, Canadá, Estados Unidos e demais países de língua inglesa. Para tanto, realizamos uma breve reflexão acerca dos modelos de Berman (1985), Rei (1971, 1976) e Baker (1996) e suas respectivas aplicações no tocante à tradução juramentada e, particularmente, ao estudo do objeto de pesquisa em pauta. Em seguida, descrevemos os procedimentos técnicos de tradução de Vinay e Darbelnet (1958), que serviram como base para a concepção do modelo das modalidades de tradução de Aubert (1984, 1998, 2006). Complementarmente, retratamos a evolução do modelo das modalidades de tradução, com destaque para as mudanças ocorridas e possíveis contribuições. Para tanto, adotamos no presente estudo uma metodologia com base em duas etapas. Primeiramente, realizamos o levantamento dos dados em relação às dispersões das soluções tradutórias e, em seguida, classificamos os dados em unidades lexicais para aplicação do modelo das modalidades de tradução. Por fim, descrevemos o perfil de cada tradutor e os resultados gerais por grupo, bem como o comparativo das duas gerações, com o auxílio de gráficos. A hipótese da visibilidade acentuada mostrou-se válida e necessária como garantia jurídica da boa aplicação da fé pública no cumprimento do ofício do tradutor público e intérprete comercial. / This dissertation addresses the topic of sworn translation, which has been increasingly researched in the field of Translation Studies by virtue of its relevant presence, whether in the academic or corporate areas. Sworn translation, which differs from other kinds of translations particularly for the power vested by the full faith and credit, having an effect on the attitude and view adopted by Brazilian Sworn Translators and Commercial Interpreters, led us to the hypothesis that the translators visibility is emphasized by the vesting of such power, the main purpose of which is to ensure legal certainty in business relations in society. From a Brazilian secondary school transcript translated by twelve sworn translators of the State of São Paulo into Canadian English, this work aims, with the support of Auberts translation modalities (2006), to map the translation strategies and profiles of such various professionals, from two different generations, who passed the last two public examinations held by the Board of Trade of the State of São Paulo (in 1978 and 1998), taking into account their visibility by the full faith and credit. The text typology school document and the gender school transcript were chosen because of their great frequency in sworn translation, motivated by the increasing academic and cultural exchange between Brazil and Canada, the United States, and other English-speaking countries. Therefore, we briefly reflected on Berman (1985), Rei (1971, 1976) and Bakers (1996) models and their application to sworn translation and particularly to the study of the subject matter hereof. Then, we described Vinay and Darbelnets (1958) translation procedures, which were the basis for the conception of Auberts (1984, 1998, 2006) translation modalities model. In addition, we outlined the evolution of the translation modalities model, with an emphasis on changes made and possible contributions. Thus, we adopted a two-stage methodology in this study. First, we compiled the data for the dispersion of the translation solutions, and then, classified the data into lexical units to apply the translation modalities model. Finally, we described the profile of each translator and the general results by group, as well as a comparison between the two generations, presented in graphical form. The hypothesis of high visibility was proven to be valid and necessary as a legal guarantee of the proper application of full faith and credit in fulfilling the office of sworn translator and commercial interpreter.

<p>This dissertation investigates translation strategies and translation principles in technical translation. Five translation students and 5 professional translators from German-speaking Switzerland and 4 translation students and 6 professional translators from Sweden were asked to think aloud while translating a user guide from French into German and from French into Swedish, respectively. The focus of the analysis was on the strategies that could be observed by comparing the translation products with the source text; and on the principles underlying these strategies as revealed by the think-aloud protocols of the translation processes. In order to evaluate the extent to which the translation products complied with the fictitious translation brief given to the participants, 2 reviewers per language pair proofread the translation products. The analysis also included contrastive analyses of certain linguistic features of technical texts in French-German and French-Swedish. The results show that experience of translation does play a role in the choice of translation strategy. It is, however, an even more important factor with respect to knowing and applying translation principles in the translation process. Also, students more often display uncertainty regarding translation principles, and conflict between the principles verbalised and those actually followed. Language-pair specific differences were mostly found in connection with translation strategies. Comments about future directions include the need for clearer definitions and more systematic manipulations of the variables involved in translation, and the potential interest in investigating the principles governing how translations are revised through the use of think-aloud protocols.</p>

This dissertation investigates translation strategies and translation principles in technical translation. Five translation students and 5 professional translators from German-speaking Switzerland and 4 translation students and 6 professional translators from Sweden were asked to think aloud while translating a user guide from French into German and from French into Swedish, respectively. The focus of the analysis was on the strategies that could be observed by comparing the translation products with the source text; and on the principles underlying these strategies as revealed by the think-aloud protocols of the translation processes. In order to evaluate the extent to which the translation products complied with the fictitious translation brief given to the participants, 2 reviewers per language pair proofread the translation products. The analysis also included contrastive analyses of certain linguistic features of technical texts in French-German and French-Swedish. The results show that experience of translation does play a role in the choice of translation strategy. It is, however, an even more important factor with respect to knowing and applying translation principles in the translation process. Also, students more often display uncertainty regarding translation principles, and conflict between the principles verbalised and those actually followed. Language-pair specific differences were mostly found in connection with translation strategies. Comments about future directions include the need for clearer definitions and more systematic manipulations of the variables involved in translation, and the potential interest in investigating the principles governing how translations are revised through the use of think-aloud protocols.

台灣在1989年開始引進外籍勞工，根據勞動部調查，截至104年3月底外籍勞工人數已達566,518人。台灣目前對外籍勞工已有一定程度的依賴，且未來對外籍勞工的需求將持續成長。人力仲介公司藉由翻譯人員為企業（雇主）和外籍勞工提供客務。身為第一線員工，翻譯員往往必須站在人力仲介公司角度，同時滿足企業（雇主）與外籍勞工之需求解決問題，如此想必翻譯人員將面臨嚴謹的工作壓力。過去研究發現，當員工感受到壓力時，工作績效會下降；改善員工績效的重要關鍵是在於降低工作壓力、提高員工工作滿意度。在競爭激烈的環境下，如何確保翻譯員之工作績效，是當前人力仲介公司重要課題。 本研究將探討人力仲介公司翻譯員工作壓力來源與工作滿意度現況，以及探討在不同人口特徵下，工作壓力來源及工作滿意度是否有差異。本文主要以量化研究方式，針對人力仲介公司翻譯員實施問卷調查，有效樣本共計93份。研究結果發現：（一）翻譯員的工作壓力屬於尚可接受程度，主要三大工作壓力來源為：「人際關係」、「工作負荷」及「個人責任」，（二）公司規模之不同，於工作壓力來源之「工作負荷」構面具有顯著差異，（三）翻譯員對其工作評價屬尚頗為滿意，其中「外在滿意」構面分數為最低，（四）公司規模之不同，於工作滿意度之三個構面存在顯著差異。接著，本文以質化研究方式為輔，透過訪談三家人力仲介公司之資深主管與翻譯員，由兩個不同角度瞭解第一階段研究結果之實務現象，以提供人力仲介公司實務管理建議，降低翻譯員的工作壓力，提升其工作滿意度，進而促進其工作績效。