Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a GPI–anchored protein, of unknown function, found in a number of cells throughout the body. It is now widely believed that a mis-folded, protease resistant form of this protein is responsible for a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and kuru in humans, scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. Although the exact function of PrPc is unknown it has been implicated in copper binding, signal transduction and cell adhesion. The pathogenesis of prion diseases is poorly understood, however it is known that PrPc must be present in order for the disease to progress. Platelets have been shown to be the largest reservoir of PrPc in peripheral blood cells and previous studies in animal models have suggested platelets may also be involved in TSE infectivity. In this study, we determine the exact location of PrPc within human platelets, examine the mobilization and release of PrPc from activated platelets on both microvesicles and exosomes and suggest a possible role for platelets in prion infectivity. In addition we examine the role of PrPc within normal platelet functions including aggregation, signal transduction and adhesion. / May 2005

Les similitudes entre les mécanismes neurotoxiques responsables des encéphalopathies spongiformes Transmissibles (EST) et des synucléinoapthies, ainsi que la présence concomitante des formes pathologiques de la protéine prion et de l'α-synucléine au sein d'une même maladie neurodégénérative sont deux observations qui nous ont conduits à étudier les relations existant potentiellement entre les altérations moléculaires de l'α-synucléine et les maladies à prion. Après avoir développé des anticorps monoclonaux en immunisant avec de l'α-synucléine recombinante humaine des souris n'exprimant pas de façon endogène cet immunogène, nous avons caractérisé les altérations moléculaires de l'α-synucléine apparaissant conjointement à une symptomatologie motrice sévère lors du vieillissement de souris transgéniques (TgM83) surexprimant l'α-synucléine humaine mutée en A53T. Les essais d'inoculation intracérébrale de souris TgM83 par différentes souches de prion ont mis en évidence que la transmission de l'encéphalopathie spongiforme bovine de type H permet de déclencher chez ces animaux une maladie à prion de façon concomitante au développement d'altérations moléculaires de l'α-synucléine. Enfin, l'importante accélération de la pathologie liée a l'α-synucléine observée chez des souris TgM83 ayant été inoculées par des tissus contenant des formes altérées de l'α-synucléine, constitue un résultat soutenant le fait que la pathologie liée a l'α-synucléine serait capable de se propager expérimentalement de proche en proche, comme la protéine prion pathologique au cours des EST

This research uses Transmissivity Index (TI) and other transmission indices to analyze the transmission performance by applying those indices to coupler-driven mechanisms with sliders. Other estimative transmission indices include Total Transmission Index (TTI) and Transmissible Mechanical Advantage (TMA). The point with best transmission performance is ¡§Effective Point,¡¨ and the combination of the effective points becomes ¡§Locus of Effective Points¡¨. In addition, this research puts the influence of mechanisms with sliders including slider-friction into consideration, and also analyzes two inverses of mechanisms with sliders. Then we can extend to study the transmission performance of six-bar mechanisms. Finally, we apply the research result into some examples, such as ping pong table mechanism, four-bar and six-bar windows operator mechanisms, rowing exercise mechanism, so that we can find the better transmission performance of those mechanisms.

Certaines maladies neurodégénératives sont associées au mauvais repliement de la protéine prion (PrP[indice supérieur c]) et sont connues sous le nom de maladies à prion ou les encéphalopathies spongiformes transmissibles (ESTs). Récemment, il a été démontré que PrP[indice supérieur c] augmente l'efficacité des micro-ARN (miARN) via son interaction directe avec la protéine Argonaute 2 (Ago2) au niveau de la membrane des corps multivésiculaires (multivesicular bodies (MVBs)). Ago2 est une des protéines centrales du complexe RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) qui est responsable de l'efficacité des ARNi. Certaines formes pathologiques de PrP[indice supérieur c] induisent l'activation de la réponse au stress eiF2a dépendante, une étape déterminante pour le développement de la pathologie. Cependant, l'activation de la réponse au stress eiF2a dépendante, favorise normalement la survie cellulaire via la formation de deux types de granules d'ARN, les granules de stress (GSs) et les P-Bodies. Aucune étude n'a investigué le rôle de ces deux types de granules d'ARN et de la régulation de l'efficacité des miARN par PrP[indice supérieur c] dans la neurotoxicité associée aux ESTs. Mon premier objectif est d'approfondir nos connaissances sur le nouveau rôle de PrP[indice supérieur c] dans la régulation du système miARN et de l'implication des miARN et du système endosomal dans les ESTs génétiques. Mon second objectif est d'investiguer le rôle des GSs et des P-Bodies, dans la neurotoxicité reliée aux ESTs et établir un lien entre la dérégulation de la réponse au stress et du système ARNi. PrP[indice supérieur c] augmente l'efficacité des miARN via l'interaction de sa région octapeptidique répété (OR, octapeptide repeat region) avec la protéine Ago2. L'effet d'un mutant cytoplasmique artificiel nommé CyPrP (connu comme agent neurotoxique potentiel) et de cinq mutants familiaux de PrP[indice supérieur c] sur le système endosomal et miARN a été caractérisé. Les mutants de PrP[indice supérieur c] affectent la maturation des MVBs et, conséquemment, induisent une délocalisation de GW182, une diminution l'efficacité des miARN et de la production des exosomes. Nous proposons que cette dérégulation de la voie endosomale et miARN par les mutants familiaux de PrP[indice supérieur c] contribue à la neurodégénérescence observée dans les ESTs. Les mutants de PrP[indice supérieur c] induisent également l'expression de la protéine PACT qui est responsable de l'activation de la kinase de stress PKR et de la phosphorylation d'eiF2a. Cependant, malgré la phosphorylation d'eiF2a, les mutants familiaux de PrP[indice supérieur c] et PrP[indice supérieur Sc] inhibent la formation des GSs et des P-Bodies augmentant la susceptibilité des cellules aux différents stress. L'inhibition des P-bodies par les mutants confirment également que les mutants de PrP[indice supérieur c] induisent une diminution de l'efficacité des miARN. Je propose que le maintien de l'activation de la voie PACT-PKR-eiF2a et l'inhibition des GSs et des P-Bodies contribuent à la dérégulation du système d'ARNi, à la susceptibilité des neurones et à la neurodégénérescence observée dans les ESTs. Une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de neurotoxicité plus particulièrement de l'inhibition du système ARNi et de la réponse au stress par les formes mal repliées de PrP[indice supérieur c] peut mener au développement de médicaments afin de contrer l'évolution de la pathologie. [symboles non conformes]

Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a GPI–anchored protein, of unknown function, found in a number of cells throughout the body. It is now widely believed that a mis-folded, protease resistant form of this protein is responsible for a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and kuru in humans, scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. Although the exact function of PrPc is unknown it has been implicated in copper binding, signal transduction and cell adhesion. The pathogenesis of prion diseases is poorly understood, however it is known that PrPc must be present in order for the disease to progress. Platelets have been shown to be the largest reservoir of PrPc in peripheral blood cells and previous studies in animal models have suggested platelets may also be involved in TSE infectivity. In this study, we determine the exact location of PrPc within human platelets, examine the mobilization and release of PrPc from activated platelets on both microvesicles and exosomes and suggest a possible role for platelets in prion infectivity. In addition we examine the role of PrPc within normal platelet functions including aggregation, signal transduction and adhesion.

Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a GPI–anchored protein, of unknown function, found in a number of cells throughout the body. It is now widely believed that a mis-folded, protease resistant form of this protein is responsible for a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and kuru in humans, scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. Although the exact function of PrPc is unknown it has been implicated in copper binding, signal transduction and cell adhesion. The pathogenesis of prion diseases is poorly understood, however it is known that PrPc must be present in order for the disease to progress. Platelets have been shown to be the largest reservoir of PrPc in peripheral blood cells and previous studies in animal models have suggested platelets may also be involved in TSE infectivity. In this study, we determine the exact location of PrPc within human platelets, examine the mobilization and release of PrPc from activated platelets on both microvesicles and exosomes and suggest a possible role for platelets in prion infectivity. In addition we examine the role of PrPc within normal platelet functions including aggregation, signal transduction and adhesion.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:41:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 amaral_as_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 11010569 bytes, checksum: f799834df6f5beed1bbe0ee377c40fe0 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Foram analisados 132 casos de tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) de ocorrência natural, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Botucatu, considerando aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos. Os pacientes eram, em sua maioria, sem raça definida e com idade variando entre um e 18 anos, com maior freqüência na idade de quatro anos. A localização mais freqüente foi a genital, seguida pela nasal; 25% dos pacientes apresentavam metástases. Estas ocorreram mais freqüentemente na pele (31% das metástases), seguida pela localização mamária, em fêmeas, e em linfonodos, nos machos. Foram colhidas amostras de 188 tumores para avaliação citológica por microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, imunofenotipagem e estimação de danos no DNA pelo teste do cometa. As massas foram avaliadas de acordo com a localização, em genitais ou extragenitais, com o comportamento biológico, em primárias e não primárias (metastáticas ou recorrentes) e, ainda, de acordo com o tamanho e tempo de evolução clínica. A avaliação citológica incluiu a classificação de acordo com o padrão morfológico predominante, em linfocitóide (18,4%), plasmocitóide (52,5%) ou misto (29,1%). As amostras extragenitais e não primárias foram predominantemente do padrão plasmocitóide. Foram observadas as características de malignidade gerais, citoplasmáticas, nucleares e nucleolares apresentadas. Anisocitose, anisocariose e macrocariose foram observadas em todos os padrões citomorfológicos, assim como a presença de vacúolos citoplasmáticos, basofilia e eosinofilia citoplasmáticas e corpúsculos linfoglandulares. As características citoplasmáticas de malignidade observadas com maior freqüência foram projeções citoplasmáticas e espessamento... / A hundred and thirty-two dogs with naturally transplanted transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) from ambulatory service of the Veterinary Hospital UNESP, Botucatu, were analyzed for epidemiological and clinical aspects. The animals were predominantly mongrel dogs, with age range between one and eighteen years, and mean of four years. The most usual location was genital, followed by nasal; 25% presents metastasis, the cutaneous location being the most frequent, followed by lymph nodes, in males, and mammary, in females. A sample of 188 tumors were collected for cytologic evaluation in optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, immunophenotyping and measure of DNA damage by the Comet test. The masses were classified by location as genital or extragenital, by biological behavior as primary or non-primary (metastastatic or recurrent), and by size and time of clinical evolution. The cytologic evaluation included cytomorphological classification in lymphocyte-like (18.4%), plasma-cell-like (52.5%) and mixed pattern (29.1%). Extragenital and non-primary tumors were essentially plasma cell-like. Malignancy features were noted as general, cytoplasmatic, nuclear and nucleolar. Anisocytosis, anisocariosis and macrocariosis were present in all cytomorphological patterns, as well as cytoplasmatic vacuoles, basophilic and eosinophilic tintorial properties, and lymphoglandular bodies. Cytoplasmatic malignancy criteria most frequently observed were cytoplasmatic projections and cellular membrane thickness. Cells resembling a racket were related to lymphocyte-like pattern. Nuclear buds, perinuclear halos, hyperchromatic nuclei, pseudoinclusions, nuclear membrane thickness and mitosis (normal and abnormal), binucleation, and nuclear lobulations (pleomorphic nuclei) were the most frequents nuclear malignancy criteria. The lymphocyte-like pattern was less related... (Complete abstract click electronic address below)

Introduction: Blood and blood products are still essential for the treatment of several medical conditions for which they have no substitutes. Blood for transfusion is obtained from volunteers who go through several steps during the process of donation Association between tattoos and seropositivity to transfusion-transmissible diseases (TTDs); and it has been proposed that in certain settings having a tattoo can be an exclusion criterion for blood donation. By analogy it could be though that seropositivity to TTDs was also associated with the use of earring and body piercing. Objective: To assess whether the use of earring and/or body piercing can be indicators of seropositivity to the following TTDs: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Chagas disease, and syphilis. Material and methods: Secondary analysis of a data set from a cross-sectional study conducted at the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, and that resulted in a doctoral thesis (Nishioka,S.A.-Tattoos as indicators of transfusion-transmitted disease in Brazil: a matched hospital-based cross-sectional study.Montreal:McGill University,2000.166p). The exposure of main interest were having earring or body piercing, whereas the outcomes of interest were presence of any serologic marker of infections by hepatitis B(HBV), hepatitis C(HCV) HIV, Treponema pallidum or Trypanosoma cruzi, determined by the following tests: HBsAG, anti-HBc, anti- HCV,anti-HIV, VDRL and anti- Trypanosoma cruzi Results: No association between earring and TTDs was observed when the odds ratios were adjusted by confounders, even when the analyses were restricted to males. Body piercing was observed in only two women in the study population, and therefore could not be analyzed.Conclusion: Earring is not associated with seropositivity to TTDs, and should not be used as an exclusion criterion for blood donation. / Introdução: Sangue e derivados são ainda essenciais para tratamento de diversas condições médicas, para os quais ainda não têm substitutos. Sangue para transfusão se obtém de voluntários que passam por diversas etapas durante o processo de doação. Associação entre tatuagens e soropositividade para doenças transmissíveis por transfusão (DTT) já foi demonstrada, e proposta que em determinados locais ter uma tatuagem possa ser critério de exclusão de doação de sangue. Por analogia pode-se pensar que soropositividade para DTTs possa também estar associada com o uso de brincos e body piercing. Objetivo: avaliar se o de uso de brincos e/ou body piercing podem ser indicadores de soropositividade para as seguintes DTTs: hepatite B, hepatite C, infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), sífilis e doença de Chagas. Material e método: Análise secundária de um banco de dados de um estudo transversal, conduzido na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, e que resultou em uma tese de doutorado. (Nishioka, S.A. - Tattoos as indicators of transfusion-transmitted diseases in Brazil: a matched hospital based cross-sectional study. Montreal: McGill University, 2000,166p) As exposições de principal interesse foram usar brincos ou body piercing; enquanto que os desfechos de interesse foram: a presença de qualquer marcador sorológico de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (HBV) vírus da hepatite C (HCV), HIV, Trypanossoma cruzi ou Treponema pallidum determinada pelos seguintes testes HBsAG, anti-HBc; anti HCV; anti HIV; anti-Trypanosoma cruzi e VDRL. Resultados: Não foi observada associação entre brincos e DTTs quando os odds ratios foram ajustados pelas variáveis de confundimento, mesmo quando a análise foi restrita a indivíduos do sexo masculino. Body piercing só foi observado em duas mulheres na população estudada e, portanto não pode ser estudado. Conclusão: O uso de brincos não está associado com soropositividade para DTTs, e não deve ser um critério de exclusão para doadores de sangue. / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde

Introdução. O Ambulatório de Viajantes (DMIP/HC/FMUSP) foi criado em São Paulo em fevereiro de 2001. Atualmente, os viajantes comparecem à clínica para consulta pré-viagem e em caso de doença, quando voltam à cidade. Avaliação pós- viagem não é feita rotineiramente. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo ampliar as informações sobre as viagens realizadas e avaliar a adequação e a adesão às orientações pré-viagem. Métodos. No período de 03/02/2011 a 31/12/2011 foram convidados a participar do estudo os viajantes que procuraram o ambulatório para consulta pré-viagem. Os viajantes que concordaram em participar assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. Orientação pré-viagem: coleta de dados sobre as medidas de prevenção gerais recomendadas em relação a doenças transmitidas por vetores, água e alimentos, exposição acidental a animais; e dados individuais sobre as condições da viagem, vacinação prévia e histórico de saúde. Avaliação Pósviagem: Um questionário foi enviado aos participantes 15 dias após a data prevista de retorno. As respostas foram armazenadas na base de dados Excel. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva para apresentar todas as variáveis relevantes, utilizando Epi Info (CDC) e SPSS. Regressão logística multivariada foi usada para detectar fatores de risco independentes associados com o desenvolvimento de diarréia. Resultados. Foram obtidas 150 respostas (taxa de resposta de 52,8%), sendo 94 % dos participantes brasileiros, 89% com nível universitário, 55,1% do sexo feminino, a maioria entre 25 e 44 anos (54,5%). O tempo desde a consulta até a viagem foi menor de 28 dias em 60,1 %. Os destinos mais frequentes foram África em 58 viajantes (38,7%), seguida pela Ásia em 43 (28,7%). Demanda por serviços de saúde: 10,9% durante a viagem, e 6% no retorno. Causa da procura de atenção médica, diarréia (31,2%), seguido de acidentes em 18,7% e suspeita de malária em 12,5%. Entre os pacientes com diarréia ficar em casa de nativos (RR = 2,38; P = 0,004) e ter várias acomodações (RR 1,93; P = 0,02) foram fatores de risco na análise univariada. Viagem à Ásia foi também fator de risco (P= 0,024). Na análise multivariada a associação não se manteve. Em relação à adesão às medidas profiláticas recomendadas, a utilização de água mineral foi elevada entre todos os viajantes (94,1%), uso de hipoclorito, água fervida e limpeza dos alimentos antes do consumo foi maior no grupo de viajantes com diarréia. Hipoclorito para o consumo de água foi fator de risco (P = 0,003), independentemente do país visitado. Adesão à quimioprofilaxia da malária foi baixa, no entanto, apenas 9,6 % dos viajantes em risco apresentou malária. Exposição acidental a outros animais ocorreu em 4,7% dos viajantes. Relação sexual com conhecidos durante a viagem foi relatada por 20 % dos viajantes; 43,3 % não usaram preservativos; 46,1 % dos viajantes fizeram comentários favoráveis ao atendimento recebido e a utilidade durante a viagem. Conclusões. A principal causa de doença e procura por assistência médica foi diarreia. Adesão à quimioprofilaxia da malária e outras medidas recomendadas foi baixa. A procura por atendimento médico durante e após a viagem foi alta nessa série. Propõe-se aumentar a divulgação do serviço de forma a atingir outros setores da população / Background. The Travelers Outpatient Clinic (DMIP/HC /FMUSP) was established in São Paulo in February 2001. Currently, patients attend the clinic for pre-travel consultation and in case of illness when return to the city. Post-travel evaluation is not done routinely. This research aims to expand the information about the trips; profile occurrences; assess pre-trip orientations; adherence and adequacy, impact on disease prevention, and may be used to improve the pre-travel orientation and quality of care. Methods. In the period from 03/02/2011 to 31/12/2011 were invited to participate in the study travelers seeking outpatient care for pre-travel consultation. Travelers who agreed to participate signed the informed consent form. The study was conducted in two stages. Pre-travel orientation: collecting data on general prevention measures recommended in relation to vector-borne diseases, food and water, accidental exposure to animals, and individual data on the conditions of travel, prior vaccination and health. Post-travel evaluation: A questionnaire was sent to participants 15 days after the expected travel return date. The responses were stored in Excel database. Descriptive statistics were used to present all relevant variables using Epi Info (CDC) and SPSS. Multivariate logistic regression was used to detect independent risk factors associated with the development of diarrhea. Results. Were obtained 150 responses (52.81% response rate); 94% of participants were Brazilians, (89%) had college education, 54.5% of the participants were between 25 and 44 years and 55.1% were female. The time from consultation until the trip was less than 28 days in 60.1%. Travel destination: Africa in 58 travelers (38.7%), followed by Asia in 43 (28.7%). Demand for medical services: 10.9% during the trip, and 6% in return. Cause of seeking medical care: diarrhea (31.2 %) followed by accidents in 18.7% and suspected malaria in 12.5%. Among the patients with diarrhea the accommodation in native houses (RR=2.38 P = 0.004) and multiple accommodations (RR=2.006 P = 0.020) were risk factors. Travel to Asia was also a risk (RR 1.93 P = 0.024). In multivariate analysis the association was not maintained. Regarding adherence to prophylactic measures recommended; the use of mineral water was high among all travelers (94.1%); use of hypochlorite, boiled water and cleaning food before consumption were higher in the group of travelers with diarrhea; finding hypochlorite for water consumption as a risk factor (P = 0.003) regardless of the country visited. Adherence to chemoprophylaxis for malaria was low, however only 9.6% of travelers at risk had malaria. Reporting of accidental exposure to other animals occurred in 4.7% of our travelers. The sexual relationship with acquaintances during the trip was reported by 20% of travelers; of these 43.3% did not use condoms. 46.1% of travelers made favorable comments to the care received and the utility during the trip. Conclusions. The leading cause of illness and demand for medical care was diarrhea. Adherence to chemoprophylaxis for malaria and other recommended measures was low. Looking for medical service during and after the trip was high in this series.Proposes to increase the disclosure of the service in order to reach other sectors of the population .

Orientadores: Nelson Adami Andreollo, Norair Salviano dos Reis / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T14:38:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares_TaisMariaPinheiro_D.pdf: 3190520 bytes, checksum: 3676a9dedbebb235bb8a56bbc03aa2ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino (TVTC) é considerado uma neoplasia própria da espécie, sendo muito rara em outros mamíferos. A disseminação deste tumor, geralmente ocorre por contato sexual, porém ele pode ser disseminado por lambeduras e contato com as superfícies mucosas não genitais. Vários métodos terapêuticos têm sido utilizados, dentre eles, a quimioterapia, radioterapia, imunoterapia e cirurgia. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, a avaliação da eficácia do Syphonosporinum (medicamento imunoterápico) no tratamento do TVTC, analisando-se a regressão total ou parcial do mesmo. Foram tratados, durante 6 meses com Syphonosporinum, 14 cães sem raça definida, portadores de TVTC confirmados por biópsias e exames histopatológicos. Após o início da terapia imunobiológica, ocorreu melhora nos exames laboratoriais, biópsias e no quadro clínico geral dos animais. Todos os animais apresentaram remissão tumoral, com exceção de dois, nos quais ocorreu redução parcial do tumor, demonstrando que o medicamento foi eficiente no tratamento. De acordo com os resultados deste trabalho, sugere-se que o Syphonosporinum é uma opção terapêutica no tratamento do TVTC, com boa tolerância e sem efeitos colaterais aos animais / Abstract: The Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVTC) is an own tumor of this species and very rare in other mammals. The transmission of this tumor usually happens for sexual contact; however had been disseminated by licks and contact with genitals mucous surfaces. Several therapeutic methods have been used, as the chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and surgery. This work had as objective, the evaluation of the effectiveness of Syphonosporinum (immunotherapy) in the treatment of TVTC, analyzing the total or partial regression of the tumor. Fourteen dogs without defined race with TVTC, confirmed by biopsies and histopathology, were treated, during 6 months with Syphonosporinum. After the beginning of the therapy, the animals presented improvement in the laboratory exams, biopsies and in the general clinical. All the dogs presented remission of the tumor, except for two, which partial reduction, demonstrating that medication was efficient in the treatment. In agreement with the results, it is suggested that Syphonosporinum is a therapeutic option in the treatment of TVTC, with good tolerance and without collateral effects to the animals / Doutorado / Pesquisa Experimental / Doutor em Cirurgia