京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24798号 / 医博第4990号 / 新制||医||1066(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 萩原 正敏, 教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 竹内 理 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Currently, little is known about the demographics of the Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus, or steelhead trout, populations in San Luis Obispo County. Specifically, demographic information including length, age, and condition when first leaving a watershed for the open ocean is lacking. This thesis takes a closer look at a biological and environmental data collected by the California Department of Fish and Game Central Coast Steelhead and Coho Salmon project under the direction of Associate Biologist Jennifer Nelson. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze demographic and habitat data from the steelhead populations of two northern San Luis Obispo county coastal streams, San Simeon and Santa Rosa Creeks. Habitat mapping surveys were conducted on each stream in order to identify suitable habitat for various steelhead life stages. The data generated from the habitat mapping surveys was compared between the two creeks over the two different survey years (1993 and 2005). The results of these surveys showed that habitat types have changed on San Simeon Creek between survey years while Santa Rosa Creek appeared to remain the same. Biological inventory methods were conducted on the populations of O. m. irideus in San Simeon and Santa Rosa Creeks during the years of 1993 and 2005. There were very few observations of steelhead moving downstream on both survey creeks in 1993. During the 2005 out-migrant trapping season, the data revealed that non-smolting fish are moving downstream in the watershed in addition to smolting fish. There is evidence that age 1+ and 2+ fish make up the majority of downstream migrants. Older, larger fish tend to migrate downstream earlier in the trapping season. Fork length – weight relationships are not significant between steelhead sampled from out-migrant traps, while those sampled throughout the watersheds by means of electrofishing were different between creeks. Percent frequency distribution of electrofished steelhead reveal that steelhead sampled in 2005 have a similar distribution of total lengths between creeks, where as those sampled in 1993 have a slightly different distribution from each other. Further analysis of steelhead scales sampled from the populations on San Simeon and Santa Rosa Creeks in 2005 gave greater insight into the growth of these fish. In most cases, steelhead from Santa Rosa Creek have greater growth increments and higher circuli counts per annuli than those surveyed from San Simeon Creek. The majority of scale samples analyzed showed growth since the last annuli mark suggesting an increase in growth over the winter months. The average number of circuli to the first annuli is significantly different between watersheds, as is the relationship between fork length and scale radius. Analyzing steelhead demographics is important to understanding the life history pattern of steelhead in the South Central California Coast Distinct Population Segment (DPS). Surveys that monitor environmental conditions and habitat help to identify potential limiting factors and risks to steelhead populations. The results of this thesis present such data in hopes to promote continued research and efficient management practices of steelhead trout populations in San Luis Obispo County.

Commercial shrimpers in the Mississippi Sound frequently encounter marine debris in their nets, which results in loss of time, loss of catch, and added repair costs. Yet, the spatial and temporal distribution of this marine debris and the economic impact faced by shrimpers in the Mississippi Sound is not well known. This study measured the quantity and economic impact of marine debris by surveying 20 commercial shrimpers. Participants logged marine debris encounters, fishing data, and damage to fishing gear during the July 2020 through December 2020 shrimping season. It was found that shrimpers encounter marine debris 19% of all tows, and the majority of all marine debris encountered by shrimpers (79%) was derelict crab traps. Additionally, 10% of all tows reported direct impacts.

No description available.

Um estudo das taxas de perda de átomos ocorrendo numa armadilha magneto-óptica mista foi realizado aqui. Observamos experimentalmente, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de processos colisionais inelásticos envolvendo duas espécies atômicas distintas. Identificamos o escape radiativo como o processo dominante nas taxas de perda de átomos da armadilha de sódio, devidas às colisões desses com os átomos de rubídio aprisionados, para as dadas condições experimentais. Realizamos estudos semelhantes com uma mistura K-Rb, onde as taxas de perda de átomos da armadilha de potássio foram observadas. Procurou-se interpretar os resultados através um modelo semiclássico que teve de ser modificado por nós. Esses estudos foram importantes porque revelaram a grande influência do processo de escape radiativo nas taxas de perda. Também verificou-se que outros canais podem manifestar a sua influência e suspeitamos que isso se deva às diferenças estruturais das \"quasimoléculas\" formadas na colisão. A compreensão de processos colisionais em armadilhas magneto-ópticas mistas é importante para a obtenção e estudo de amostras distintas de condensados bosônicos coexistindo numa mesma região. / We report the results of the trap-Ioss collisional rates observed in a mixed species magneto-optical trapo These are the first systematic studies about the collisionalloss channels due to heteronuclear interactions between two cold atomic sampIes in aMOr. We have used two different combinations: Na-Rb and K -Rb. lt was observed that the rates are strongly affected by the radiative escape Ioss channel, especially in the Na-Rb system. We also observed that some other Ioss channels may ruIe the rates behavior depending on the combination or the experimento To understand the results a semiclassical approach was used: the Gallagher-Prichard theory. We beIieve that these studies will soon be helpful to control the interatomic collisional rates for the achievement of heteronuclear sampIes of Bose-Einstein condensates.

Neste trabalho, abordamos dois assuntos independentes e interessantes que permeiam o cotidiano dos pesquisadores da área de resfriamento e confinamento de átomos neutros. O primeiro está relacionado aos processos de perda de átomos ocorrendo em armadilhas magneto-ópticas, a partir das quais o fenômeno é observado. Mostramos que a conjunção de dois modelos tradicionais da literatura é capaz de gerar um modelo semiclássico e semi-analítico básico e robusto, capaz de reproduzir as características fundamentais dos resultados experimentais já obtidos, incluindo os mais recentes. Isto demonstra que os aspectos essenciais dos mecanismos de perda em armadilhas são, agora, bem compreendidos. O segundo assunto abordado aqui está relacionado à observação de moléculas diatômicas formadas em armadilhas magneto-ópticas. Nesse sentido, uma série de experimentos básicos foi realizada, gerando resultados e discussões que constituem uma rica fonte de informação inspirando a continuação e conclusão do trabalho iniciado aqui, cujo objetivo final é a caracterização precisa e o desenvolvimento técnicas de resfriamento e aprisionamento de moléculas diatômicas heteronucleares. / We report the results concerning to two main subjects of laser cooling and trapping community. We begin by presenting the results of modeling two-body trap loss rates as a function of the trap laser intensity. We show that one can merge two simple theories to obtain a semiclassical and semi-analytical model which is able to provide the fundamental properties observed in the experimental results found in the literature. Hence, we concluded that the essential features of the two-body trap loss rates taking place in MOTs are now well understood. On the other hand, we run a set of experiments trying to produce and detect heteronuclear diatomic ultracold molecules. Although this has not been accomplished yet, we have acquired a wide and rich amount of data that will certainly be very helpful for continuing and concluding the work here started. In the near future the photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold heteronuclear diatomic molecules will provide valuable information to help in its manipulation.

Neste trabalho, abordamos dois assuntos independentes e interessantes que permeiam o cotidiano dos pesquisadores da área de resfriamento e confinamento de átomos neutros. O primeiro está relacionado aos processos de perda de átomos ocorrendo em armadilhas magneto-ópticas, a partir das quais o fenômeno é observado. Mostramos que a conjunção de dois modelos tradicionais da literatura é capaz de gerar um modelo semiclássico e semi-analítico básico e robusto, capaz de reproduzir as características fundamentais dos resultados experimentais já obtidos, incluindo os mais recentes. Isto demonstra que os aspectos essenciais dos mecanismos de perda em armadilhas são, agora, bem compreendidos. O segundo assunto abordado aqui está relacionado à observação de moléculas diatômicas formadas em armadilhas magneto-ópticas. Nesse sentido, uma série de experimentos básicos foi realizada, gerando resultados e discussões que constituem uma rica fonte de informação inspirando a continuação e conclusão do trabalho iniciado aqui, cujo objetivo final é a caracterização precisa e o desenvolvimento técnicas de resfriamento e aprisionamento de moléculas diatômicas heteronucleares. / We report the results concerning to two main subjects of laser cooling and trapping community. We begin by presenting the results of modeling two-body trap loss rates as a function of the trap laser intensity. We show that one can merge two simple theories to obtain a semiclassical and semi-analytical model which is able to provide the fundamental properties observed in the experimental results found in the literature. Hence, we concluded that the essential features of the two-body trap loss rates taking place in MOTs are now well understood. On the other hand, we run a set of experiments trying to produce and detect heteronuclear diatomic ultracold molecules. Although this has not been accomplished yet, we have acquired a wide and rich amount of data that will certainly be very helpful for continuing and concluding the work here started. In the near future the photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold heteronuclear diatomic molecules will provide valuable information to help in its manipulation.

Um estudo das taxas de perda de átomos ocorrendo numa armadilha magneto-óptica mista foi realizado aqui. Observamos experimentalmente, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de processos colisionais inelásticos envolvendo duas espécies atômicas distintas. Identificamos o escape radiativo como o processo dominante nas taxas de perda de átomos da armadilha de sódio, devidas às colisões desses com os átomos de rubídio aprisionados, para as dadas condições experimentais. Realizamos estudos semelhantes com uma mistura K-Rb, onde as taxas de perda de átomos da armadilha de potássio foram observadas. Procurou-se interpretar os resultados através um modelo semiclássico que teve de ser modificado por nós. Esses estudos foram importantes porque revelaram a grande influência do processo de escape radiativo nas taxas de perda. Também verificou-se que outros canais podem manifestar a sua influência e suspeitamos que isso se deva às diferenças estruturais das \"quasimoléculas\" formadas na colisão. A compreensão de processos colisionais em armadilhas magneto-ópticas mistas é importante para a obtenção e estudo de amostras distintas de condensados bosônicos coexistindo numa mesma região. / We report the results of the trap-Ioss collisional rates observed in a mixed species magneto-optical trapo These are the first systematic studies about the collisionalloss channels due to heteronuclear interactions between two cold atomic sampIes in aMOr. We have used two different combinations: Na-Rb and K -Rb. lt was observed that the rates are strongly affected by the radiative escape Ioss channel, especially in the Na-Rb system. We also observed that some other Ioss channels may ruIe the rates behavior depending on the combination or the experimento To understand the results a semiclassical approach was used: the Gallagher-Prichard theory. We beIieve that these studies will soon be helpful to control the interatomic collisional rates for the achievement of heteronuclear sampIes of Bose-Einstein condensates.

La nétose du polynucléaire neutrophile (PN) correspond à la libération de filaments d’ADN recouverts de protéines appelés Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs). Outre leur rôle anti-infectieux, les NETs représentent des acteurs émergents de nombreuses pathologies inflammatoires et nous avons souhaité évaluer leur implication au cours de réactions allergiques.Au cours d’une étude clinique multicentrique notre équipe a mis en évidence un mécanisme alternatif de l’anaphylaxie aux curares, impliquant les PN. La phase aiguë de ces réactions s’accompagne d’une libération de NETs dont la concentration est corrélée avec la sévérité et avec une diminution de l’expression des récepteurs activateurs des IgG à la surface des PN (FcγRs) ; ceci suggère un rôle des complexes immuns (CI) IgG/curares dans la formation des NETs au cours de ces réactions anaphylactiques.Pour confirmer cette hypothèse, la capacité d’activation de la nétose par les CI IgG a été étudiée, via la mise au point d’un modèle de stimulation in vitro des PN humains purifiés.Ce travail montre que 2 récepteurs aux IgG du PN (FcγRIIa et FcγRIIIB) contribuent à la libération de NETs en réponse à différents types de CI.En parallèle, la formation des NETs a été explorée dans un modèle de réaction allergique chronique, l’asthme. Au niveau systémique, la concentration de NETs est associée à la présence d’un asthme sévère mal contrôlé et d’une obstruction bronchique peu réversible. Inversement, la concentration de NETs dans le lavage broncho-alvéolaire est plus élevée au cours de l’asthme modéré et semble traduire un recrutement pulmonaire et une activation des PN en réponse à une colonisation microbienne.Au total nous montrons que les NETs sont libérés au cours des deux modèles de réactions allergiques choisis, aiguë (anaphylaxie aux curares) et chronique (asthme) et qu’ils pourraient représenter des biomarqueurs de sévérité. Des travaux complémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer dans quelle mesure les NETs contribuent à la physiopathologie des allergies. / Neutrophil netosis consists in the release of extracellular DNA filaments bound to granular proteins, called Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In addition to their anti-infectious role, NETs are emerging actors of many inflammatory diseases and we decided to investigate their involvement during allergy.In a multicenter clinical study, our team highlighted an alternative mechanism of anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) involving neutrophils (PN). The acute phase of these reactions is characterized by NETs release which level is correlated with severity and with a decrease in IgG activating receptors (FcγRs) expression on PN; this suggests a role of immune complexes (IC) IgG / NMBA in NETs formation during these anaphylactic reactionsTo confirm this hypothesis, the ability of IgG ICs to activate netosis was studied through the development of an in vitro stimulation model of purified human PNs.This work shows that two PN IgG receptors (FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIB) contribute to NET release upon cellular activation by different ICsIn parallel, NETs formation has been explored in a model of chronic allergic reactions, asthma. At systemic level, NETs levels are associated with severe and poorly controlled asthma as well with the presence of low reversible bronchial obstruction. Conversely, NETs levels in bronchoalveolar lavage are higher in moderate asthma and appear to reflect pulmonary recruitment and activation of PN in response to microbial colonization.Taking together these results show that NETs are released during the two selected models of allergic reactions : acute (NMBA anaphylaxis) and chronic (asthma) and could be used as biomarkers of severity. Furthers works are needed to determine to what extent NETs contribute to the pathophysiology of allergy.