Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-14T19:02:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseRanieryRodriguesCirne_DISSERT.pdf: 2528321 bytes, checksum: 2e7ed59317d15a3342a9ad456713f456 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-15T20:46:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseRanieryRodriguesCirne_DISSERT.pdf: 2528321 bytes, checksum: 2e7ed59317d15a3342a9ad456713f456 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-15T20:46:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseRanieryRodriguesCirne_DISSERT.pdf: 2528321 bytes, checksum: 2e7ed59317d15a3342a9ad456713f456 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A contamina??o dos mananciais de abastecimento p?blico de ?gua por res?duos originados pelas atividades antr?picas vem trazendo diversos riscos para a sa?de humana. Dentre as consequ?ncias de contaminantes pode-se destacar a flora??o de microalgas e cianobact?rias, que t?m o potencial de produzir toxinas perigosas para os seres humanos, e a presen?a de subst?ncias h?micas que s?o geradas pela decomposi??o da mat?ria org?nica natural (MON), tal como a vegeta??o, que quando encontradas em mananciais para abastecimento p?blico, apresentam aspectos negativos conferindo cor elevada, odor e sabor. A tecnologia de dupla filtra??o apresenta boa efici?ncia em ?guas com presen?a de cianobact?rias e varia??es distintas de qualidade. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento da t?cnica de dupla filtra??o com pr?-oxida??o, para a potabiliza??o da ?gua da Lagoa de Extremoz-RN, que atualmente apresenta concentra??es elevadas de cianobact?rias. A pesquisa se resumiu em quatro fases. A primeira fase voltou-se para ensaios est?ticos em equipamento de jarteste em laborat?rio e as fases subsequentes foram testadas em uma Instala??o Piloto de Dupla Filtra??o. Para a segunda e terceira fase foram testadas taxas de filtra??o de 120 e 180 m3 /m2 .dia para filtros ascendentes de pedregulhos e 160 e 240 m3 /m2 .dia filtros r?pidos descendentes de areia. A ?ltima fase objetivou avaliar a dupla filtra??o com pr?-oxida??o. Os resultados encontrados na instala??o piloto de dupla filtra??o demonstraram que o filtro ascendente de pedregulho 4, que apresentava a menor granulometria, demonstrou a melhor efici?ncia e as melhores m?dias de turbidez e cor aparente. O Filtro r?pido descendente de areia 1 foi mais eficiente na remo??o de turbidez alcan?ando remo??o em torno de 100%. Portanto, comprovou-se que quanto menor a granulometria dos filtros, maior a efici?ncia de remo??o de turbidez. O uso da pr?-oxida??o favoreceu a remo??o de cor no final dos ensaios, chegando a um percentual de remo??o em torno de 60%. Com rela??o ? remo??o da turbidez, a t?cnica de dupla filtra??o se mostrou eficiente. Por?m a remo??o de cor e de cianotoxinas presentes na ?gua s? foi eficiente com o aux?lio de um oxidante / The contamination of water sources of public drinking by waste originated by anthropogenic activities has brought various risks to human health. Among the consequences of such activities can highlight the bloom of microalgae and cyanobacteria, which have the potential to produce toxins dangerous to humans, and the presence of humic substances that are generated by the decomposition of natural organic matter (NOM), such as vegetation. When found in water sources for public supply, present negative aspects conferring high color, odor and taste. The double filtration technology has good efficiency in water with the presence of cyanobacteria and different quality variations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the technique of double filtration with pre-oxidation for water purifiers the lagoon of Extremoz-RN, which currently has high concentrations of cyanobacteria. The research is summarized in four phases: the first phase turned to static tests in jarteste equipment in the laboratory and subsequent phases were tested in the Pilot Plant of Double Filtration. For the second and third stage filtration rates were tested filtration rates of 120 and 180 m3 / m2 .day for ascending boulders filters and 160 and 240 m3 / m2 .day in the filters in quick sand descendants. The last phase aimed to evaluate the double filtration with pre-oxidation. The results demonstrated that the system could produce double filtration in all trials of good quality water according to the Decree n?. 2914/11 of the Ministry of Health. The use of preoxidation favored the removal of microcystin and color at the end of the tests, reaching a percentage of color removal around 60%. The analysis of variance in the data, enabled prove that the filtration rates of 180 m3 / m2.d the gravel filter and 240 m3 /m2 .d in rapid filters, were the most significant for the removal of turbidity. The ascending filter of boulder 4 with particle size finer filter layer showed the best performance and the best means of turbidity and apparent color. The rapid filter downward 1 was more efficient in removing turbidity reaching removal about 100%

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-05T22:39:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HildericaLimaCampos_DISSERT.pdf: 1518298 bytes, checksum: 41cac6ede5b5c76dd7cadea1205d049e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-16T19:46:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HildericaLimaCampos_DISSERT.pdf: 1518298 bytes, checksum: 41cac6ede5b5c76dd7cadea1205d049e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T19:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HildericaLimaCampos_DISSERT.pdf: 1518298 bytes, checksum: 41cac6ede5b5c76dd7cadea1205d049e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O tratamento de ?gua para abastecimento ? considerado como um grande benef?cio, tendo em vista que, se for realizado de forma eficiente, propicia sa?de ?s pessoas. Entretanto, ao considerar que uma ETA (Esta??o de Tratamento de ?gua) ? uma ind?stria, pois em seu processo produtivo h? insumos e res?duos, ? necess?rio que haja avalia??o e monitoramento constantes em cada ETA para verificar a melhor e mais adequada maneira de tratar e dispor seus res?duos, minimizando, portanto, os potenciais impactos ao meio ambiente. Os res?duos mais relevantes em ETA de filtra??o r?pida s?o os provenientes das ?guas de lavagem de filtros. A realidade mais observada em nosso pa?s ? o lan?amento destes res?duos (sem tratamento) em mananciais, os quais s?o utilizados, na maioria das vezes, como fonte de abastecimento de uma popula??o a jusante. O presente estudo avaliou indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos de ?gua de lavagem de filtros em tr?s ETA - Itaitinga, Maranguape e Pacatuba. Verificou-se que a ETA Maranguape, em termos de capacidade instalada, ? a de maior porte. A ETA Itaitinga ? a que mais consome ?gua na lavagem de filtros. A ETA Pacatuba exibiu maior concentra??o de s?lidos sediment?veis e suspensos totais, al?m de demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio e alum?nio na ?gua de lavagem dos filtros. Os par?metros s?lidos sediment?veis e s?lidos suspensos totais de todas as ETA estavam fora do padr?o de lan?amento de efluentes em corpo aqu?tico preconizado pela resolu??o 154/2002 da SEMACE (Superintend?ncia Estadual do Meio Ambiente do Cear?). Conclui-se que a ?gua de lavagem dos filtros das ETA em estudo ultrapassam os valores permitidos em legisla??o para serem descartados diretamente em manancial. Sugere-se como alternativa de tratamento de res?duos, a constru??o de lagoas de sedimenta??o de lodo e ainda, como forma de reaproveitamento da ?gua, o processo de recircula??o. / The water supply and treatment is considered as a great benefit considering that, if done efficiently, provides public health. However, considering the WTP (Water Treatment Plant) is an industry, with its inputs and waste generation, they must be constantly evaluated and monitored to verify the best and most appropriate way to process and dispose their waste, minimizing therefore the potential impacts to the environment. By volume, the most significant waste is the rapid filter backwash water. It is very common the disposal of this waste without treatment in water sources, which are used, for the most part, as a water supply source of a downstream population. This study evaluated quantitative and qualitative parameters in filter backwash water in three WTP - Itaitinga, Maranguape and Pacatuba, located in Cear? State, northeast of Brazil. It was found that the Maranguape WTP, in terms of treatment capacity, is the larger. The Itaitinga WTP is the one that consumes more water during filters washing. The Pacatuba WTP exhibited higher concentration of total suspended and settleable solids, COD and aluminum in the filters backwash water. It is noteworthy that the settleable solids and total suspended solids in all three WTP are above the effluent discharge standard recommended by Resolution 154/2002 of SEMACE (State Superintendent of Environment of Cear?). It was concluded that the filter backwash water from the study WTP exceeded the allowed values for legislation to be disposed directly into surface water bodies. It is suggested as an alternative to treat and recycle the filter backwashing water the construction of sludge settling ponds.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-25T23:22:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NayonaraKarolynneCostaDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1902815 bytes, checksum: 2bb22e78c4a3734579a224d361769b7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-04T22:29:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NayonaraKarolynneCostaDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1902815 bytes, checksum: 2bb22e78c4a3734579a224d361769b7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T22:29:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NayonaraKarolynneCostaDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1902815 bytes, checksum: 2bb22e78c4a3734579a224d361769b7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a efici?ncia da remo??o de BTX atrav?s de processos de adsor??o, empregando a alumina (Al2O3) e alumina suportada com ferro (Fe/Al2O3) como adsorventes. Preparou-se uma solu??o sint?tica de gasolina e ?gua destilada para simular uma amostra real. Inicialmente, os adsorventes foram caracterizados pelas t?cnicas DRX, TG/DTG, FRX, FTIR e MEV/EDS. Posteriormente, para a realiza??o dos ensaios, a solu??o sint?tica foi colocada na presen?a do Al2O3 e Fe/Al2O3 em um sistema fechado sob agita??o mec?nica, variando a concentra??o do adsorvente em 2, 4 e 6 g.L-1. A cada 0, 10, 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos, foram retiradas al?quotas dessa solu??o, e levadas para an?lise atrav?s da t?cnica de cromatografia gasosa por ioniza??o de chama (CG-FID) com extra??o por headspace. Os resultados indicaram que o adsorvente que possui maior capacidade de remo??o de BTX ? o Fe/Al2O3 na concentra??o de 6g.L-1, pH = 4 e no tempo de rea??o de 90 minutos, resultando em uma efici?ncia de 86,5% de remo??o para o benzeno, 95,4% para o tolueno, 90,8% para os ?,?- Xilenos e 93,7% para os ?-Xilenos . Encontradas as condi??es ?timas nos ensaios de adsor??o, foi realizado um estudo cin?tico das rea??es, os resultados mostraram que os valores da capacidade de adsor??o experimental (qe) apresentaram concord?ncia com os valores da capacidade de adsor??o te?rica (qc) calculados para o modelo pseudo-segunda ordem para os ensaios de adsor??o de 2 e 6 g.L-1 utilizando Al2O3 e para todos os ensaios utilizando Fe/Al2O3. Fato corroborado pelos valores de R2, que justificam a representa??o dos dados pelo modelo de segunda ordem, indicando assim que as intera??es qu?micas est?o presentes nos mecanismos de adsor??o dos BTX na Al2O3. / Contamination of groundwater by BTX has been featured in recent decades. This type of contamination is due to small and continuous leaks at gas stations, causing serious problems to public health and the environment. Based on these antecedents, the search for new alternatives for treating contaminated water is shown to be essential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of removal of BTX by adsorption processes employing commercial alumina (Al2O3) and alumina supported with iron (Fe/Al2O3) as adsorbents. It was prepared by a in a synthetic gasoline solution and distilled water to simulate an actual sample. Initially, the adsorbents were characterized by techniques XRD, TG / DTG, XRF, FTIR and SEM/EDS, several trials, where he was placed synthetic solution to react in the presence of Al2O3 and Fe/Al2O3 in a closed, mechanical stirring system were performed varying the catalyst concentration 2, 4 and 6 g.L-1 every 0, 10, 30 60, 90 and 120 min, aliquots were taken and brought to analysis by gas chromatography flame ionization with headspace extraction. The results indicated that the absorbent which has higher BTX removal capacity was the Fe/Al2O3 at a concentration of 6 g.L-1, pH = 4 and time of 90 minutes reaction, resulting in an efficiency, resulting in a 86,5% efficiency for benzene removal, for the 95,4% toluene, 90,8% for ?,?- xylene and 93.7% for the ?-xylenes. Subsequently, we performed a kinetic study of the reactions, the values of experimental adsorption capacity (qe) showed agreement with the values of the theoretical adsorption capacity (qc) to the pseudo-second-order model in the adsorption tests using 2 and 6 gL-1 of Al2O3 and assays using 2, 4 and 6 g.L-1 of Fe/Al2O3. A fact corroborated by the R2 values, thus indicating that the chemical interactions are present in the adsorption mechanisms of BTX.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-02-20T18:37:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Rayssa de Medeiros Morais.pdf: 2513069 bytes, checksum: 0a51c44b7c496c4aea2fc3ff92d026bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T18:37:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Rayssa de Medeiros Morais.pdf: 2513069 bytes, checksum: 0a51c44b7c496c4aea2fc3ff92d026bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / CNPq / This study had as an objective to produce activated carbon (ACs) from Bambusa vulgaris, Eucalyptus dunnii and endocarp of Cocos nucifera; characterize the materials produced and evaluate their potential for adsorption of the methylene blue compound, contaminant of the textile industry. For this, activated carbon was produced via physical, using the water vapor as the activating agent. BET surface area (SBET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Boehm titration method (BOEHM), point of zero charge (pHpzc) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were characterized. In order to evaluate these materials application, adsorption studies were performed with a contaminant from the textile industry, the methylene blue dye which was considered as a model compound for several adsorption studies. The precursors studied have produced excellent ACs which can be used as adsorbents in aqueous media. The ACs produced from bamboo and eucalyptus obtained superior performance to that produced from the coconut endocarp, which was used as a quality comparative in this study. All the ACs showed very close characteristics, but the activated carbon of bamboo and eucalyptus had better performance with a SBET superior than 500 m2 g-1, removal percentage above 90% at equilibrium time and maximum adsorption capacity around of 300 mg g-1. The three ACs produced obtained pHpzc from 7.0 to 7.5, presented predominance of acidic groups on their surface, mainly the carboxylic groups, and the analysis of the obtained micrographs showed a porosity development due to the activation. The materials have shown good thermal stability, and the regeneration process is possible with small mass losses. Although the bamboo AC has SBET superior to the eucalyptus AC, this did not guarantee that it obtained better performance in adsorption kinetics for the methylene blue, which confirms that other factors such as pore size influence the adsorption process. The bamboo and eucalyptus ACs fit better to the Langmuir model (monolayer), while the coconut AC to the Freundlich (multilayer) model. Finally, it is concluded that the different precursors studied allowed the activated carbons production with excellent textural and adsorptive characteristics; and further studies should be conducted to improve even more the qualities. / Este estudo teve por objetivo produzir carv?es ativados (CAs) a partir de Bambusa vulgaris, Eucalyptus dunnii e endocarpo do Cocos nucifera; caracterizar os materiais produzidos e avaliar seu potencial para adsor??o do composto azul de metileno, contaminante da ind?stria t?xtil. Para isso, foram produzidos carv?es ativados por via f?sica, utilizando como agente ativante o vapor d??gua. Os mesmos foram caracterizados por ?rea superficial BET (SBET), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), m?todo titulom?trico de Boehm (BOEHM), pH do ponto de carga zero (pHPCZ) e an?lise termogravim?trica (ATG). Com finalidade de avaliar a aplica??o destes materiais foram realizados estudos de adsor??o com um contaminante da ind?stria t?xtil, o corante azul de metileno, sendo este tido como um composto modelo para diversos estudos de adsor??o. Os precursores estudados produziram excelentes CAs que podem ser utilizados como adsorventes em meio aquoso. Os CAs produzidos a partir de bambu e eucalipto obtiveram desempenho superior ao produzido a partir do endocarpo de coco, que foi usado como comparativo de qualidade neste estudo. Todos os CAs apresentaram caracter?sticas muito pr?ximas, por?m os carv?es ativados de bambu e de eucalipto obtiveram um melhor desempenho com uma SBET superior a 500 m2 g-1, percentual de remo??o acima de 90% no tempo de equil?brio e capacidade m?xima de adsor??o por volta de 300 mg g-1. Os tr?s CAs produzidos obtiveram pHPCZ entre 7,0-7,5, apresentaram predomin?ncia de grupos ?cidos em sua superf?cie, principalmente os grupos carbox?licos, e pela an?lise das micrografias obtidas apresentaram um desenvolvimento da porosidade devido ? ativa??o. Os materiais mostraram possuir boa estabilidade t?rmica, e o processo de regenera??o ? poss?vel, com pequenas perdas de massa. Apesar do CA de bambu possuir SBET superior ao CA de eucalipto, isto n?o garantiu que o mesmo obtivesse melhor desempenho na cin?tica de adsor??o para o azul de metileno, o que confirma que outros fatores como o tamanho de poros influenciam o processo de adsor??o. Os CAs de bambu e eucalipto se ajustaram melhor ao modelo de Langmuir (monocamada), enquanto o CA de coco ao modelo de Freundlich (multicamada). Por fim, conclui-se que os diferentes precursores estudados propiciaram a produ??o de carv?es ativados com excelentes caracter?sticas texturais e adsortivas; e a posteriori novos estudos devem ser conduzidos para aprimorar ainda mais essas qualidades.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-08T20:49:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ChrystianeDoNascimentoBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 2831003 bytes, checksum: 240b686c807aea50bea03e46ebcd9fc7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-11T21:05:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ChrystianeDoNascimentoBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 2831003 bytes, checksum: 240b686c807aea50bea03e46ebcd9fc7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T21:05:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChrystianeDoNascimentoBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 2831003 bytes, checksum: 240b686c807aea50bea03e46ebcd9fc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-19 / O tratamento de ?guas residuais ? fundamental para a sa?de humana. Uma das etapas mais importante do tratamento ? a desinfec??o onde se utiliza o cloro para elimina??o de bact?rias como exigido pelos ?rg?os ambientais. No entanto, a identifica??o de subprodutos potencialmente t?xicos gerados por este m?todo tem estimulado o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias alternativas de desinfec??o. Entre elas, fotocat?lise heterog?nea, fotocat?lise de TiO2 e desinfec??o eletroqu?mica s?o consideradas alternativas adequadas para substituir o m?todo de clora??o. Assim, o presente trabalho analisa a evolu??o de esp?cies de cloro ativo em uma solu??o sint?tica de NaCl e uma solu??o sint?tica do corante Reactive Blue 19 com NaCl como eletr?lito suporte, utilizando eletrodos de Diamante Dopado com Boro (BDD) e ?xido de Rut?nio (Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 ) como ?nodos e Tit?nio (Ti) como c?todo. O processo de desinfec??o eletroqu?mica analisou a degrada??o, mineraliza??o da carga org?nica total e da porcentagem de remo??o da cor do corante t?xtil, a fim de avaliar a aplicabilidade dessa tecnologia eletroqu?mica. O estudo eletroqu?mico foi realizado com diferentes densidade de corrente (25, 50 e 75 mA.cm-2) ao decorrer de 120 minutos. Outro par?metro relevante abordado foi ? influ?ncia da propor??o sp3/sp2 do ?nodo de BDD sobre o desempenho da evolu??o de esp?cies de cloro ativo foi investigada por t?cnicas eletrol?ticas e polariza??o, com a inten??o de determinar a forma??o e consumo relacionado ?s rea??es qu?micas ou eletroqu?micas. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se destacar que o eletrodo de BDD apresentou melhor efici?ncia durante todo o processo eletroqu?mico / The treatment of wastewater is essential to human health. One of the most important steps is the disinfection treatment which uses chlorine to eliminate bacteria as required by environmental agencies. However, the identification of potentially toxic byproducts generated by this method, such as trihalomethanes, has stimulated the development of new alternative disinfection technologies. Among them, heterogeneous photocatalysis, TiO2 photocatalysis and electrochemical disinfection are considered suitable alternatives to the chlorination method. Thus, the present dissertation analyzes the evolution of active chlorine species in a synthetic NaCl solution and it is tested to treat a synthetic solution of the dye Reactive Blue 19 using boron-doped diamond (BDD) and ruthenium oxide (Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2) as anodes. The indirect electrochemical process was discussed in terms of mineralization of the total organic load and percentage of color removal in order to evaluate the applicability of electrochemical technology. Electrochemical experiments were carried out with different current densities (25, 50 and 75 mA.cm-2) during 120 minutes. On the other hand, other important parameter in this study was the influence of the proportion sp3/sp2 on BDD anode on the performance of the evolution of active chlorine species which was investigated by electrolytic techniques (linear polarization), with the intention of determining the related training oxidizing species and consumption energy to chemical or electrochemical reactions. From the results, it can be noted that the BDD electrode showed better efficiency throughout the electrochemical process.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoMBE_DISSERT.pdf: 3011454 bytes, checksum: f02eedee61c0464777dbee026e3a93cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Eutrophication is a growing process present in the water sources located in the northeast of Brazil. Among the main consequences of these changes in trophic levels of a water source, stands out adding complexity to the treatment to achieve water standards. By these considerations, this study aimed to define, on a laboratory scale, products and operational conditions to be applied in the processing steps using raw water from Gargalheiras dam, RN, Brazil. The dam mentioned shows a high number of cyanobacteria, with a concentration of cells / ml higher than that established by Decree No. 518/04 MS. The same source was also considered by the state environmental agency in 2009 as hypereutrophic. The static tests developed in this research simulated direct filtration (laboratory filters) and pre-oxidation with chlorine and powdered activated carbon adsorption. The research included the evaluation of the coagulants aluminum hydrochloride (HCA) and alum (SA). The development of the research investigated the conditions for rapid mixing, the dosages of coagulants and pHs of coagulation by the drawing of diagrams. The interference of filtration rate and particle size of filtering means were evaluated as samples and the time of contact were tested with chlorine and activated carbon. By the results of the characterization of the raw water source it was possible to identify the presence of a high pH (7.34). The true color was significant (29 uH) in relation to the apparent color and turbidity (66 uH and 13.60 NTU), reflecting in the measurement of organic matter: MON (8.41 mg.L-1) and Abs254 (0.065 cm-1). The optimization of quick mix set time of 17", the speed gradient of 700 s-1 in the coagulation with HCA and the time of 20" with speed gradient of 800 s-1 for SA. The smaller particle sizes of sand filtering means helped the treatment and the variation in filtration rate did not affect significantly the efficiency of the process. The evaluation of the processing steps found adjustment in standard color and turbidity of the Decree n? 518/04 MS, taking in consideration the average values found in raw water. In the treatment using the HCA for direct filtration the palatable pattern based on the apparent color can be achieved with a dose of 25 mg L-1. With the addition of pre-oxidation step, the standard result was achieved with a reduced dose for 12 mgHCA.L-1. The turbidity standard for water was obtained by direct filtration when the dose exceeds 25 mg L-1 of HCA. With pre-oxidation step there is the possibility of reducing the dose to 20 mg L-1.The addition of CAP adsorption, promoted drinking water for both parameters, with even lower dosage, 13 mg L-1 of HCA. With coagulation using SA removal required for the parameter of apparent color it was achieved with pre-oxidation and 22 mgSA.L-1. Despite the satisfactory results of treatment with the alum, it was not possible to provide water with turbidity less than 1.00 NTU even with the use of all stages of treatment / A eutrofiza??o ? um processo cada vez mais presente nos mananciais situados no nordeste brasileiro. Entre as principais conseq??ncias destas altera??es nos n?veis tr?ficos da ?gua de um manancial destaca-se o acr?scimo de complexidade ao tratamento para potabiliza??o. Mediante a estas considera??es, este trabalho teve como objetivo definir, em escala de laborat?rio, produtos e condi??es operacionais a serem empregadas em etapas de tratamento utilizando ?gua bruta do a?ude Gargalheira, RN, Brasil. O a?ude em quest?o demonstra um n?mero de cianobact?rias elevado, apresentando uma concentra??o de c?lulas/ml superior aos n?veis estabelecidos pela Portaria MS n? 518/04. O mesmo, ainda foi considerado pelo ?rg?o ambiental do estado no ano de 2009 como hipereutr?fico. Os ensaios est?ticos desenvolvidos neste trabalho simularam filtra??o direta (filtros de laborat?rio), pr?oxida??o com cloro e adsor??o por carv?o ativado pulverizado. Foram avaliados os coagulantes hidr?xicloreto de alum?nio (HCA) e sulfato de alum?nio granulado (SA). O desenvolvimento da pesquisa buscou otimiza??o das condi??es de mistura r?pida, das dosagens de coagulantes e pHs de coagula??o com a constru??o de diagramas. As interfer?ncias da taxa de filtra??o e a granulometria do meio filtrante foram avaliadas e testaram-se dosagens e tempos de contato com cloro e com o carv?o ativado. Com os resultados da caracteriza??o da ?gua bruta foi poss?vel identificar no manancial a presen?a de um pH elevado (7,34). A cor verdadeira foi significativa (29 uH) em rela??o ? cor aparente e turbidez (66 uH e 13,60 uNT), refletindo-se nas medidas de mat?ria org?nica: MON (8,41 mg.L-1) e Abs254 (0,065 cm-1). A otimiza??o da mistura r?pida definiu o tempo de 17 , gradiente de velocidade de 700 s-1 na coagula??o com HCA e tempo de 20 , gradiente de velocidade de 800 s-1 para o SA. Granulometrias menores da areia do meio filtrante favoreceram o tratamento e a varia??o na taxa de filtra??o n?o interferiu de forma significativa na efici?ncia do processo. A avalia??o das etapas de tratamento verificou a adequa??o aos padr?es de cor aparente e turbidez da Portaria MS 518/2004 tomando como base os valores m?dios encontrados na ?gua bruta. No tratamento utilizando o HCA por filtra??o direta, a potabilidade para a cor aparente pode ser atingida com uma dosagem de 25 mg.L-1. Adicionando a etapa de pr?oxida??o o padr?o foi atingido com dosagem reduzida para 12 mgHCA.L-1. Para a turbidez a potabilidade foi obtida na filtra??o direta quando a dosagem supera 25 mg.L-1 de HCA. Com etapa de pr?oxida??o h? a possibilidade de redu??o da dosagem para 20 mg.L-1 de coagulante. O acr?scimo da adsor??o em CAP, promoveu a potabilidade para os dois par?metros, com dosagem ainda menor, 13 mg.L-1 de HCA. Coagulando com SA a remo??o necess?ria para o par?metro de cor aparente foi atingida com pr?oxida??o e dosagem de 22 mgSA.L-1. Apesar de apresentar bons resultados o tratamento com o sulfato de alum?nio n?o foi capaz de fornecer ?gua com turbidez menor que 1,00 uNT mesmo com a utiliza??o de todas as etapas de tratamento

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T19:59:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DaianneGomesDeFreitas_DISSERT.pdf: 2462931 bytes, checksum: ed5908264b65a0a984481f57c4a9b5d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-06T21:24:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DaianneGomesDeFreitas_DISSERT.pdf: 2462931 bytes, checksum: ed5908264b65a0a984481f57c4a9b5d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T21:24:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaianneGomesDeFreitas_DISSERT.pdf: 2462931 bytes, checksum: ed5908264b65a0a984481f57c4a9b5d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Os res?duos gerados nas Esta??es de Tratamento de ?gua (ETA) s?o formados principalmente pelo lodo de decantadores e pela ?gua de lavagem dos filtros - ALF. A ALF representa a maior parcela de perda de ?gua, podendo compreender a at? 10% da vaz?o da esta??o. Uma alternativa para a destina??o desses res?duos ? a recircula??o na pr?pria esta??o. Dessa forma, al?m de representar uma redu??o nas perdas da esta??o, tamb?m diminui o consumo de energia e de ?gua. A presen?a de part?culas desestabilizadas em sua constitui??o e o residual de coagulante presentes na ALF podem auxiliar a remo??o de part?culas da ?gua bruta. Para que o reaproveitamento dos res?duos n?o prejudique a qualidade da ?gua tratada, ? essencial a avalia??o dos impactos causados por esse procedimento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na ETA de Extremoz ? RN, que apresenta configura??o de esta??o convencional, apesar de operar como filtra??o direta. O presente estudo investigou as seguintes configura??es para recircula??o do efluente da lagoa de sedimenta??o, ALF bruta (isto ?, sem clarifica??o) e ap?s clarifica??o. Foram avaliadas diferentes taxas de recircula??o (0, 2, 5 e 8%) atrav?s de ensaios de tratabilidade no jarteste. Foram simulados tratamentos com as configura??es de filtra??o direta e filtra??o direta em linha, com e sem a etapa de oxida??o, utilizando diferentes doses de coagulante e oxidante. A ?gua bruta utilizada caracteriza-se por apresentar turbidez e cor em torno de 2 unT e 20 uH, respectivamente. A etapa de flocula??o n?o foi necess?ria, enquanto que a etapa de oxida??o foi essencial para se atender ao valor limite estabelecido pela legisla??o. A recircula??o da ALF n?o influenciou na qualidade da ?gua tratada, n?o apresentando diferen?a significativa entre os tipos de res?duos nem entre as taxas de recircula??o adotadas. / The residues generated in the Water Treatment Plants (WTP) are mainly formed by the sedimentation and the filter backwash water (FBWW). The FBWW represents the largest portion of water loss, and may comprise up to 10% of the station's flow. An alternative to the destination of this waste is the recirculation in the station itself. In this way, besides representing a reduction in the losses of the station, it also reduces the consumption of energy and water resources. The presence of destabilized particles in their constitution and the residual coagulant present in the FBWW can aid the removal of particles from the raw water. In order to ensure that the reuse of waste does not adversely affect the quality of the treated water, it is essential to assess the impacts caused by this procedure. The work was developed in WTP of Extremoz - RN, which presents conventional configuration but operates as direct filtration. The present study compared the recirculation of sedimentation pond effluent with crude FBWW, that is, without any type of treatment, and after being clarified in the laboratory - simulating a filler. The performance of recirculation at different recirculation rates (0, 2, 5 and 8%) was investigated through treatability tests in the reservoir. The raw water used is characterized by turbidity and color around 2 unT and 20 uH, respectively. The flocculation step was not necessary, whereas the oxidation step was essential to meet the limit value established by the legislation. The recirculation of the different residues in the different recirculation ratios did not influence the quality of treated water.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-11-29T17:27:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Ivaldo Jos? da Silva.pdf: 36618657 bytes, checksum: 428b35f4aa0bf23daa7adf9b14b4e7ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-29T17:27:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Ivaldo Jos? da Silva.pdf: 36618657 bytes, checksum: 428b35f4aa0bf23daa7adf9b14b4e7ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / Research in Environmental Education Criticizes aims to construct and reflective critique of knowledge allowing individuals greater contextualisation-environmental relations and consequent changes, in attitudes towards collective transformation of reality. The municipality of Z? Doca, regional pole of Turi, located east of the State of Maranh?o, in the Northeast region near the border with the State of Par?, is responsibility to articulate educational actions, political and economic, social and environmental development of over 17 other municipalities in the region. It was found that municipalities the environmental sanitation and water treatment is performed unsatisfactorily and precarious, signaling the need for sustained research-driven actions on the principles of education Wake up in the population capable environmental more questioning and intervention in the local reality. This research aimed to instigate critical knowledge construction to allow greater local perception of reality, associated with insertion technique feasibility research, Community research, alternative technology of water treatment based on ultraviolet radiation-UV Tube. The Methodological development used by this social research was action research procedures where awareness, dynamic cooking workshops, adaptation and installation of UV Tube, meetings and other educational practices addressed the theme of water treatment, social issues, environment and health, among other correlated in a participative manner, reflective and harmonic among respondents and researchers. The search area was chosen as the community of rural settlement good hope, located in Z? Doca, where were installed and evaluated 05 (five) UV Tube units. Data collection took place 64 (sixty-four) interviews and questionnaires applied before the dynamics of awareness and at the end of the whole educational process in order to identify improvement in the perception of the community in relation to the subject dealt with and the local reality, and consequential changes in attitudes. The treatment of data collected in the questionnaires presented variables that were tested with the non-parametric test of Chi-square and other calculated averages of answers with their respective standard deviations and their minimum and maximum values. The results indicated favourable conditions for the adaptation and insertion of the UV tube technology showing economic viability and operational compared to similar projects successfully installed in other countries, especially the acceptance of the proposal and the ease of access to the materials needed to manufacture of UV Tube. As the analysis of educational activities related to the thematic discussion addressed significant responses were expansions and modifications in order to understand the local reality criticizes pointing, including changes to posture that assisted the search for better quality of life for the community. It is concluded that the implementation of concrete action of insertion of the UV Tube use, Dialogic and critical process of construction of knowledge based on the intrinsic relationship between action and reflection associated with the permissive criticizes of knowledge built by researched and researchers was the recipe to achieve the objectives of the survey. / A pesquisa em Educa??o Ambiental Cr?tica visa ? constru??o reflexiva e cr?tica de conhecimentos, permitindo aos indiv?duos maior contextualiza??o das rela??es socioambientais e consequentes mudan?as de atitudes voltadas para transforma??o coletiva da realidade. O munic?pio de Z? Doca, p?lo regional do Alto Turi, localizado a leste do Estado do Maranh?o, pr?ximo a divisa com o Estado do Par? ? respons?vel em articular a??es educacionais, socioambientais, pol?ticas e econ?micas para o desenvolvimento de mais 17 outros munic?pios da regi?o. Verificou-se que nestes munic?pios o saneamento ambiental e, principalmente, o tratamento de ?gua, s?o realizados de forma insuficiente e prec?ria, sinalizando a necessidade de a??es orientadas por pesquisas sustentadas nos princ?pios de uma Educa??o Ambiental capaz de despertar na popula??o maior problematiza??o e interven??o na realidade local. Esta pesquisa objetivou instigar a constru??o de conhecimentos cr?ticos aptos a permitirem maior percep??o da realidade local associada ? investiga??o da viabilidade t?cnica de inser??o, junto ? comunidade pesquisada, de tecnologia alternativa de tratamento de ?gua baseado em radia??o ultravioleta ? Tubo UV. Para o desenvolvimento metodol?gico esta pesquisa social utilizou-se de procedimentos da pesquisa-a??o em que din?micas de sensibiliza??o, oficinas de confec??o, adapta??o e instala??o do Tubo UV, reuni?es e outras pr?ticas educacionais abordaram a tem?tica do tratamento de ?gua, as quest?es sociais, ambientais e de sa?de, entre outras correlacionadas de forma participativa, reflexiva e harm?nica entre pesquisados e pesquisadores. Como ?rea de pesquisa foi escolhida a comunidade do assentamento rural Boa Esperan?a - ABE, localizada em Z? Doca onde foram instalados e avaliados 05 (cinco) unidades do Tubo UV. Para coleta de dados foram realizadas 64 (sessenta e quatro) entrevistas e aplicados question?rios antes das din?micas de sensibiliza??o e ao final de todo o processo educativo, com objetivo de identificar melhoria na percep??o da comunidade em rela??o ? tem?tica abordada e a realidade local, al?m de consequentes mudan?as de atitudes. O tratamento dos dados coletados nos question?rios apresentou vari?veis que foram analisadas com o teste n?o param?trico do Qui-Quadrado e outras, calculadas as m?dias de respostas com seus respectivos desvios padr?es e seus valores m?nimos e m?ximos. Os resultados indicaram condi??es favor?veis ? adapta??o e inser??o da tecnologia do Tubo UV apresentando viabilidade econ?mica e operacional comparada a projetos id?nticos instalados com sucesso em outros pa?ses, destacando-se a aceita??o da proposta e a facilidade de acesso aos materiais necess?rios a confec??o do Tubo UV. Quanto a an?lise das a??es educativas relacionadas a discuss?o da tem?tica abordada registraram-se significativas respostas de amplia??es e modifica??o na forma cr?tica de perceber a realidade local apontando, inclusive, mudan?as de postura que auxiliaram a busca de melhor qualidade de vida para comunidade. Conclui-se que a realiza??o da a??o concreta da inser??o do uso do Tubo UV, em processo dial?gico e cr?tico de constru??o de conhecimento pautado na rela??o intr?nseca entre a??o e reflex?o associada ? permissiva cr?tica dos saberes constru?dos por pesquisados e pesquisadores foi a receita para alcan?ar os objetivos da pesquisa.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelM_DISSERT.pdf: 1989956 bytes, checksum: 4d567b87a39f4ad9191e5a5c7decf060 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-22 / The groundwater quality has been compromised as a result of the intensification of human activities over the years. Groundwater contamination by nitrate is one of the effects of this degradation, a socio-environmental problem that affects many regions of the world and particular the city of Natal (RN). Developing techniques for nitrate removal in water is intended to eliminate or reduce the concentration of this compound, and those that involve biological processes have produced economic and environmental advantages. This study proposes a technology for biological removal of nitrate in water supply for humans, using the endocarp s coconut as a carbon source and bacteria support. The experiments were performed in pilot scale anoxic, testing different areas of the substrate surface. Results showed high rates nitrate removal during the monitoring period, noting the occurrence of denitrification after the beginning of system operation. The best performance was achieved in the treatment system containing substrate surface area increased, indicating that the decrease in the endocarp size contributed to increased bacterial activity, improving the ability to remove nitrate. About the quality analyzed aspects of water, it was found that the proposed technology has the potential water use for human consumption / A qualidade da ?gua subterr?nea vem sendo cada vez mais comprometida como consequ?ncia da intensifica??o das a??es antr?picas ao longo dos anos. Um dos efeitos dessa degrada??o ? a contamina??o dos mananciais subterr?neos por nitrato, um problema s?cio-ambiental que atinge diversas regi?es do mundo e, em particular, a cidade do Natal (RN). T?cnicas para remo??o de nitrato em ?guas t?m sido desenvolvidas a fim de eliminar, ou reduzir, a concentra??o deste composto, sendo que, as que envolvem processos biol?gicos t?m apresentado vantagens econ?micas e ambientais. Esse estudo prop?e uma tecnologia de remo??o biol?gica do nitrato em ?gua de abastecimento humano, utilizando o endocarpo de coco como fonte de carbono e suporte bacteriano. Os experimentos foram realizados em c?maras an?xicas em escala piloto, testando diferentes ?reas superficiais do substrato. Os resultados mostraram elevadas taxas de remo??o de nitrato ao longo do per?odo de monitoramento, observando a ocorr?ncia da desnitrifica??o logo ap?s o in?cio do funcionamento do sistema. O melhor desempenho foi alcan?ado no sistema de tratamento contendo substrato de maior ?rea superficial, indicando que a diminui??o no tamanho do endocarpo contribuiu com o aumento da atividade bacteriana, melhorando a capacidade de remo??o de nitrato. Quanto ? qualidade da ?gua analisada, verificou-se que a tecnologia proposta tem potencialidade de uso da ?gua para consumo humano