This thesis describes the importance and use of permanent grasslands, or more so-called energy grasses used in the energy sector. For our study we examined these three grasses: Ovsík vyvýšený (Arrhenatherum elatius), Sveřep horský (Bromus carharticus) and Bojínek luční (Phleum pratense). Another, the main task was to determine their resistance to drought. The results based on laboratory work, which between them compared the two variants. One was simulated normal emergence of the species and the second emergence stressed by lack of water. Based on these results, we conclude that we can not say that it would be a downright drought-resistant types. For the two studied species of grasses (Bojínek and Ovsík) are obvious differences in resistance to drought. Sveřep horský (variety - Tacit), however, proved to be the most drought-resistant species. While most sprouted out bojínek luční (variety - Sobol).

The MSc. Thesis is part of project No. 2B06131 of the National Research Programme of the Czech Republic. The aim of the work was to assess selected herbaceous stands in repsct to their use for biogas production. A working hypothesis was set as follows: The biogas production per unit organic matter does not differ between biomass coming from different types of grasslands/biotopes. The results support the hypothesis. The sites studied were located in altitudes from 400 to 800 m a.s.l., water availavility ranged from mesexerophytic to hydrophytic conditions and nutrient availability ranged from mesooligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. According to plant species composition, the stands corresponded to stand types Alopecuretum pratense, Phalaridetum, Poetum pratense, Arrhenatheretum elatioris, Festucetum pratense and the ruderal stand type. In spite of these differences, biogass production estimated according to ZIFO was very similar for all stands, i.e. in a range of 518 {--} 546 NL biogas per kg organic substances in dry matter and had almost identical methan content. The results indicate that, in assessment of suitability of herbaceous stands for biogass production, biomass production is of greater importance than plant species composition.

The influence of beef cattle pasture on the composition of pasture herbage was studied in Šumava region (Kaplice, 550 {--} 850 m a.s.l) from 2005 to 2006. Also was studied the effect of different nanagement of permanent grassland on its composition plantation form and non-producing functions. On the pasture herbage dominated grass and leguminous species. On the fallow land prevailed herb species. On the combined management site (pasture and harvest) was established higher frequency of Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium pratense and Dactylis glomerata

This thesis was focused on evaluate the effect of various permanent grassland exploitation on the biological characteristics and soil properties. Permanent grasslands are composite and varied community of legumes, grasses and many other forbs, which are an important component of agroecosystem. This thesis was carried out in 2013 on experimental grass field trial on Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in the ČeskéBudějovice. The experimental variants was evaluated the effect of management by mowing, mulching, leaving fallow.Otherwise were also evaluated height stands,phenophases during harvesting, types of outgrowth, the amount of residual biomass and selected soil properties. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of different exploitation of grassland herbage on its characteristics and selected soil properties and design of appropriate methods of grassland management. Method of grassland management should be chosen with respect to the exploitationmethodsof permanent grassland. It is very important to take into account the altitude climatic and soil conditions and the type of vegetation.Finally, it must be taken of the used machinery. It was recommended evaluated grassland mowed 2 or 3 times a year along with fertilization by NPK as a suitable form of management.

Understanding the importance and the possible use of clover in permanent grassland is very important. Their irreplaceable role in nitrogen fixation and enrich the soil of this essential element is very important. The significance of herbs in grassland is also significant, even though its importance is often overlooked. Herbs not only serve as indicators of habitat conditions, but also can improve the quality and palatability of forage. If we know the herbs and legumes and their habitat requirements will help us select the most suitable way of management and the effective use of the potential of the habitat. The aim of the thesis was to observe conditions of use and the occurrence of selected legumes and herbs in TTP. Research can therefore conclude that the biggest influence on the composition of the grassland have ecological conditions. Way management can to some extent affect the crop themselves, but the biggest factor remains what we can not influence and that is the weather. The results also shows that the richer pastures.

The aim of the thesis was to assess the effect of long-term application of different doses of nitrogen with phosphorus and potassium on proportion of agrobotanical groups, on forage quality and yield of the grasslands vegetation of the type Arrhenatherion elatioris. Longterm experiment is located near the village of Senožaty (Pelhřimov). This is mesophilous meadow with a predominance of Arrhenatherum elatius. An experiment in the form of random sample of blocks includes six varieties of fertilization: unfertilized control, PK, N50PK, N100PK, N150PK and N200PK. Evaluation of the botanical composition, forage quality and yields of meadow fodder was carried out in the 1st cut, the 2nd cut and the 3rd cut. Composition of grass, legumes and other dicots plants was evaluated by weight method. Qualitative parameters of the forage (crude protein, crude fiber, PDIE and organic matter digestibility) were evaluated by NIR spectroscopy. The results show that yield of aboveground biomass in the first cut has been twice bigger on plots of nitrogen fertilization than unfertilized control. Variants N50PK to N200PK contained 90 % of grasses, lower than 2 % legumes and lower than 6 % other herbs. Content of crude protein and crude fiber was increased with increasing dose of nitrogen applied. In first cut was highest organic matter digestibility in variants N100PK in comparison with other variants. Yield of dry matter aboveground biomass was half in the second cut compared with the first. On variants N100PK to N200PK was high proportion of grasses and very low proportion of legumes and other herbs. In the second mowing, the highest content of crude protein have been find out in biomass of unfertilized control. The crude fiber content increased with the intensity of fertilization. In the third cut, yield of dry matter biomass was very low, but content of crude protein and PDIE was high. In dry matter biomass in third mowing, content of crude fiber was lowest and organic matter digestibility was highest. Significant correlation between the proportion of individual agrobotanical groups and forage quality were found only in the fiber content of the 1st and 2nd cut and PDIE in forage 3rd cut. The results of the thesis show that the forage quality, yield of dry biomass and botanical composition of grassland type Arrhenatherion elatioris is most appropriate fertilize 50 kg N.ha-1 with phosphorus and potassium.

The main factors affecting the yield and the quality of grassland are nutrient availability and water regime. In nature and of course in agriculture, water is the most important factor influencing plant growth and reproduction. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of water regime on germination of selected grass species. We have focused on the following grass species, suitable for use in energy: Dactylis glomerata L. Padánia cultivar, Phalaroides arundinacea L., Chrastava cultivar and Agropyron elongatum L. Under water stress condition, the highest germination rate of 69 % was observed in Agropyron elongatum L., followed by Dactylis glomerata L. (54, 6 %). The lowest germination rate of 28, 6 % was recorded in Phalaroides arundinacea L. This study also compares dry matter yields of selected species during spring harvest. Average yield was 3,3 t.ha-1 in the first year. This work is based on authors own measurement and on the information obtained from Czech hydrometeorological institute.

Fodder from lasting grass growths serves from 80% to fed ruminants. Therefore is setting high emphasis on quality fodder from trifolium, grass and trifolium-grass growths. On this account fit itrodukcion try in these growths imply at full blast useful kinds plants (trifolium), which have improving effects on fodder. Once of these improving products is also Lathyrus pratensis. His introduction increases substitution legumin in lasting meadow growths and share rhizobial nitrogen on production knows - nose fodder and nutritive valuable degestible nitrogen factory materials. Occurrence Lathyrus pratensis is impressed with type herbal growth and his differential management.

In the years 2005 - 2006 it was practised typological maping of selected meadow and pasture areas in Kardašova Řečice (439 m n.m.). The selected areas of permanent grasslands were separated into parts by growth types, where it was observed: projective dominance and frequency of individual species, the amount of primary production of biomass, the underground water level.

The graduation thesis is described economical valuation of production hey. There is described methods and condition of measure consumption a fuel of energetic vehicle and working set and demand of time for provide sinlge technologic operation of harvest. The measure value was used for assesment a general straight cost on the produciton of hey. In the next point is described technologic procedure of pruduction hey and structure technologic line. The one part of graueted thesis is analysis of using areas of perennial grass stands and their characteristic.