The abolition of corporal punishment in S v Williams and Others 1995 (3) SA 632 (CC) provided the state with the impetus to consider alternative sentencing options. Unsystematic efforts by the government to reform the juvenile justice system have failed abysmally. The government was forced to review its policies on juvenile sentencing. An examination of international trends reveals the imposition of stricter measures of punishment for serious and violent juvenile offenders. Community-based sentencing options are used mainly for first-time offenders. The focus has also shifted from punishment and retribution to prevention and treatment. It is advocated that serious and violent juvenile offenders be incarcerated in secure-care facilities and/or juvenile prisons and that community-based sentencing options be utilised for first-time offenders. The government should also design programmes that deal with situations that lead to crime and delinquency / Criminal & Procedural Law / LL.M. (Law)

This thesis addresses a needed shift of paradigm for mission and evangelism within the Southern Baptist Convention. The current model lacks appropriate contextualization in a postmodern world. The proposition of the thesis is that a kingdom model for mission and evangelism is more appropriate for Southern Baptists' commitment to mission. The methodology of this thesis was researching primary and secondary sources, interviews with persons currently involved within the mission of Southern Baptists, evaluation of empirical data, and testing of concepts. In Chapter One, the validity of this thesis is presented with the proposition, the limitations, the purpose, the practical nature, and the modus operandi of the thesis stated. Chapter Two explores the problems of evangelism within the mission of Southern Baptists today. Focus is on empirical statistical evidence and the failure of assumptions, methods, and models currently in practice. Chapter Three examines the birth of the mission and evangelism mandate of Southern Baptists and the subsequent development of a monolithic structure unchanged to the present day. Chapter Four traces the evolution of evangelistic witness within the early church and explores the cultural dynamics of the period. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

Different theoretical approaches and interpretations offer diverse delineations and clusters of Enneagram type in terms of Horney’s interpersonal trends of moving toward, moving against and moving away from people. The present study reports the results of an empirical investigation into the relationship between Enneagram type and Horney’s interpersonal trends. A sample of 2 3 participants completed the Test of Object Relations (TOR) and 125 of these participants completed the Horney-Coolidge Tridimensional Inventory (HCTI). Two one-way, between-groups multivariate analyses of variance revealed differences between Enneagram types for each of the HCTI interpersonal trends of compliance, aggression and detachment and the TOR dimensions of separation anxiety, symbiotic merging, narcissism, egocentricity, social isolation and fear of engulfment. For each trend, an Enneagram type could be identified as a unique marker or benchmark of the trend. However, the empirical result does not offer clear support for one theoretical approach or viewpoint rather than another. / Psychology / M. A, (Psychology)

Il est connu que le vieillissement de la population canadienne va augmenter la demande d’aide à domicile et qu’un soutien insuffisant du secteur public accroît l’implication des réseaux informels et privés. En s’appuyant sur les données de l’Enquête nationale sur la santé de la population (ENSP) et de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (ESCC), cette recherche analyse les tendances et déterminants de l’utilisation de l’aide à domicile subventionnée par le gouvernement au Canada et en Ontario entre 1996-1997 et 2009-2010. Il en ressort que la proportion de bénéficiaires âgés de 65 ans et plus est en diminution, passant de 9,9% à 9,2% au Canada (1996-1997 à 2005) et de 10,2% à 8,8% puis 9,6% en Ontario (1996-1997, 2005, 2009-2010). Les compressions sont particulièrement ressenties dans les services de maintien à domicile, dont l’aide pour les travaux ménagers (de 51% à 34% en Ontario). Les personnes âgées, les femmes, les gens vivant seuls ou qui ont besoin d’assistance pour accomplir certaines activités de la vie quotidienne (AVQ) ou activités instrumentales de la vie quotidienne (AIVQ) reçoivent de moins en moins d’aide publique à domicile. En conclusion, le présent système de santé, qui semble se concentrer sur les soins de santé plutôt que sur les services de maintien, ne répond pas aux besoins des personnes âgées. Par ailleurs, le cas ontarien évoque l’impact que peuvent avoir les décisions politiques sur l’utilisation de l’aide à domicile. Les résultats suggèrent qu’entre 1996-1997 et 2005, ce sont surtout les personnes âgées de 18 à 64 ans et ceux nécessitant des soins qui bénéficièrent des programmes publics. Durant la période suivante (2005 à 2009-2010), il semble y avoir un intérêt plus marqué pour les 65 ans et plus dont la proportion d’utilisateurs s’accroît plus rapidement. / It is known that the aging of the Canadian population will increase the demand for home care and that insufficient support from the public sector increases the implication of the informal and private networks. Using cross-sectional data from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), this research analyzes the trends and predictors of subsidized home care in Canada and Ontario between 1996/97 and 2009/10. It shows that the proportion of care receivers aged 65 and older is decreasing, going down from 9.9% to 9.2% in Canada (1996/97 to 2005) and from 10.2% to 8.8% then 9.6% in Ontario (1996/97, 2005, 2009/10). Government cuts are particularly felt in terms of home support services, like support for housework (from 51% to 34% in Ontario). Older persons, women, people living alone or those who need assistance to perform some activities of daily living (ADLs) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are receiving less and less subsidized home care. In conclusion, the actual health system, that appear to focus on health care instead of home support services, do not meet the needs of older persons. Furthermore, the Ontario case evokes the effect that policies can have on home care utilization. Results suggest that between 1996/97 and 2005, it is mostly persons aged from 18 to 64 years old or needing health care that benefited from the public program. During the next period (2005 to 2009/10), there seems to be a greater interest for the 65 and older, whose proportion of users increases more rapidly.

The Purpose of the thesis is in the theoretical part to describe the complete marketing as a whole including marketing mix with a special focus on the new trends in the marketing having regard to the pharmaceutical industry. The practical part will be focussed to an aplication the new trends in marketing to the pharmaceutical industry with respect to the etic code and to the law in the Czech Republic.

The impementation of the Strategic Analysis of Bonatrans, a. s. is the main object of the Diploma Thesis. The firm is operating in the market as a supplier of the railway components. Due to the worldwide scope of activities of the firm, the Thesis is focused on the External analysis with the emphasis on the opportunities and threats seeking, arising from the increasing globalization, the high degree of international integration and the changes in the Railway Indusry Sector. The Thesis comprises The International Business Sector Analyis, Competitive Analysis and it takes into account the population growth, urbanization and the impact of climatic change and technological revolution. The practical part of the Thesis is fully based on the theoretical part. After determining the Business Factors of Success and Cmpetitive advantage the Strategic Recommendations for further development of the company are established.

Extraire l'opinion publique en analysant les Big Social data a connu un essor considérable en raison de leur nature interactive, en temps réel. En effet, les données issues des réseaux sociaux sont étroitement liées à la vie personnelle que l’on peut utiliser pour accompagner les grands événements en suivant le comportement des personnes. C’est donc dans ce contexte que nous nous intéressons particulièrement aux méthodes d’analyse du Big data. La problématique qui se pose est que ces données sont tellement volumineuses et hétérogènes qu’elles en deviennent difficiles à gérer avec les outils classiques. Pour faire face aux défis du Big data, de nouveaux outils ont émergés. Cependant, il est souvent difficile de choisir la solution adéquate, car la vaste liste des outils disponibles change continuellement. Pour cela, nous avons fourni une étude comparative actualisée des différents outils utilisés pour extraire l'information stratégique du Big Data et les mapper aux différents besoins de traitement.La contribution principale de la thèse de doctorat est de proposer une approche d’analyse générique pour détecter de façon automatique des tendances d’opinion sur des sujets donnés à partir des réseaux sociaux. En effet, étant donné un très petit ensemble de hashtags annotés manuellement, l’approche proposée transfère l'information du sentiment connue des hashtags à des mots individuels. La ressource lexicale qui en résulte est un lexique de polarité à grande échelle dont l'efficacité est mesurée par rapport à différentes tâches de l’analyse de sentiment. La comparaison de notre méthode avec différents paradigmes dans la littérature confirme l'impact bénéfique de notre méthode dans la conception des systèmes d’analyse de sentiments très précis. En effet, notre modèle est capable d'atteindre une précision globale de 90,21%, dépassant largement les modèles de référence actuels sur l'analyse du sentiment des réseaux sociaux. / Extracting public opinion by analyzing Big Social data has grown substantially due to its interactive nature, in real time. In fact, our actions on social media generate digital traces that are closely related to our personal lives and can be used to accompany major events by analysing peoples' behavior. It is in this context that we are particularly interested in Big Data analysis methods. The volume of these daily-generated traces increases exponentially creating massive loads of information, known as big data. Such important volume of information cannot be stored nor dealt with using the conventional tools, and so new tools have emerged to help us cope with the big data challenges. For this, the aim of the first part of this manuscript is to go through the pros and cons of these tools, compare their respective performances and highlight some of its interrelated applications such as health, marketing and politics. Also, we introduce the general context of big data, Hadoop and its different distributions. We provide a comprehensive overview of big data tools and their related applications.The main contribution of this PHD thesis is to propose a generic analysis approach to automatically detect trends on given topics from big social data. Indeed, given a very small set of manually annotated hashtags, the proposed approach transfers information from hashtags known sentiments (positive or negative) to individual words. The resulting lexical resource is a large-scale lexicon of polarity whose efficiency is measured against different tasks of sentiment analysis. The comparison of our method with different paradigms in literature confirms the impact of our method to design accurate sentiment analysis systems. Indeed, our model reaches an overall accuracy of 90.21%, significantly exceeding the current models on social sentiment analysis.

The content of my work has been chosen on the basis that I have spent most of my career working as a regulatory lawyer in telecommunications. I started my career as a lawyer at the Czech Telecommunications Office and after few years I moved to the Ministry of Transport, which was then also responsible for telecommunications, and its strategy and legislation. Finally I joined Radiomobil (now T-Mobile Czech Republic) where I have spent 15 years to date. The development of technologies in the last 20 years is without a doubt fascinating. It is exciting to observe the sector regulation trying to catch up with the fast moving technological developments, and often aiming at attempting to regulate what cannot be regulated. At the same time we can witness the overregulated European telecommunications market gasping for air in comparison with other regions as it becomes less and less attractive to investments and investors, which is evidenced by the major European companies leaving the European markets and moving their activities into the less regulated regions of the world. A direct consequence of that is the consolidation of the European telecommunications markets. At the same time there are very high expectations on the part of both regulatory bodies and customers in the field of broadband development...

Este estudo analisa o processo de consolidação da Terapia Ocupacional Social, com base na produção científica do estado de São Paulo. Tal campo, criado nos anos 1970, desenvolveu-se a partir de debates nas instituições de ensino de São Paulo, cuja produção tem sido fundamental para seu desenvolvimento no Brasil, com significativas contribuições no âmbito teórico e prático. Como fontes, utilizaram-se os trabalhos apresentados nos seis últimos Congressos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, bem como a bibliografia sobre o tema. A análise evidenciou as questões levantadas através desse campo, identificou seus principais autores e suas contribuições: o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para lidar com as questões sociais vinculadas à ação junto às(aos) pessoas/grupos em processo de rupturas de redes sociais / This study analyses the Social Occupational Therapy consolidation process based on the scientific production from the state of São Paulo, in whose educational institutions such field, created in the 1970s, was developed by means of several debates. This gave rise to a fundamental production for its development in Brazil, with significant theoretical and practical contributions. The works presented in the six last Brazilian Congresses of Occupational Therapy, as well as the existent bibliography on the subject were used as sources of research. The analysis outlined the questions raised by this field, identified its main authors and their contributions: the development of technologies to deal with social issues related to procedures concerning people/groups going through processes of social net rupture

A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana na Amazônia tem-se mostrado como um dos mais recentes desafios para o enfrentamento da epidemia de HIV/aids no Brasil. Estudos epidemiológicos baseados em dados de incidência mostram tendência de crescimento da epidemia na região Norte do país. O Serviço de Assistência Especializada de Santarém é referência em assistência às pessoas com HIV/aids de 25 municípios das mesorregiões do baixo Amazonas e sudoeste do Pará. Os objetivos do presente trabalho consistem em descrever as características sociodemográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais de pessoas vivendo com HIV à admissão nesse serviço de referência, comparando-as entre os períodos: 1999 a 2002(P1), 2003 a 2006(P2) e 2007 a 2010(P3) e analisar as tendências de incidência de aids em Santarém entre 1999 e 2010. As informações referentes às variáveis de interesse foram obtidas em revisão de prontuários. Foram calculados os coeficientes de incidência padronizados a partir dos casos notificados de aids em Santarém, obtidos em bases de dados nacionais e locais. A análise de tendência de incidência foi realizada por modelos de regressão polinomial. A maioria dos 527 sujeitos (62,4%) foi admitida em P3, com 24,1% e 13,5% em P2 e P1, respectivamente. Observou-se aumento significativo da participação de indivíduos não procedentes de Santarém em P3 em comparação a P1. Verificou-se diferença significativa entre os sexos com relação ao motivo de realização da testagem pelo fato do conhecimento da soropositividade do parceiro ter motivado a testagem entre as mulheres em P1 e P2. Enquanto a presença de sinais e sintomas sugestivos de HIV/aids motivou o teste em homens durante todo o período avaliado. Houve redução significativa das medianas de linfócitos T CD4+ à admissão em P3, em relação a P1 e P2. Foram notificados 336 casos novos de aids em Santarém no período de 1999 a 2010. Foi encontrada tendência significativa de crescimento da epidemia em Santarém em ambos os sexos, e nas categorias de exposição ao HIV heterossexual e homo/bissexual no sexo masculino. O crescimento da demanda assistencial no serviço de Santarém, com incremento do número de pacientes procedentes de municípios menores e, admitidos em estadios tardios da infecção, associada à tendência de crescimento de incidência de aids em Santarém no período estudado, sugerem que as intervenções programáticas implementadas na região podem ter contribuído para o reconhecimento de maior número de casos de aids, porém ainda não possibilitaram o diagnóstico mais precoce. Acredita-se que estratégias de vigilância epidemiológica de segunda geração poderiam subsidiar de modo mais eficiente as intervenções programáticas voltadas ao controle da epidemia em uma região caracterizada por apresentar fatores individuais, sociais e programáticos que conferem vulnerabilidade acrescida à infecção pelo HIV. / Infection with human immunodeficiency virus within the Amazon region has been shown as one of the latest challenges confronting the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil. Epidemiological studies based on incidence data show an increasing trend in AIDS incidence in the Brazilian North region. The specialized HIV/AIDS outpatient clinic of Santarém is the reference healthcare setting that provides care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) from 25 municipalities of the Lower Amazon and southwestern Pará regions. The aims of this study are to describe socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory features of PLHA at time of admission to this reference clinic, comparing them among the following periods: 1999 to 2002 (P1), 2003 and 2006 (P2) and 2007 and 2010 (P3), and to analyze AIDS incidence trends in Santarém between 1999 and 2010. Information about variables of interest was obtained by review of medical records. Standardized AIDS incidence rates were calculated, based on cases reported in Santarém, using data obtained from national and local databases. Incidence trend analysis was performed by polynomial regression. Out of 527 records, 62.4% of patients were admitted to the clinic in P3, 24.1% and 13.5% in P2 and P1, respectively. A significant increase was seen in the participation of individuals from cities other than Santarém in P3, as compared to P1. There was a significant gender difference in the reason to be tested for HIV, as women were more likely to have been tested due to a seropositive partner in P1 and P2, whereas existing signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS predominated among men as the reason for testing throughout the study period. A significant reduction in median CD4+ cell counts at admission was noticed comparing P3 to P1 and P2. 336 AIDS cases were reported in Santarém from 1999 to 2010. An increasing AIDS incidence trend was found for both genders, and for both heterosexual and homo/bisexual among males. The increasing local demand for HIV/AIDS care, with larger numbers of cases coming from smaller cities and admitted in later stages of HIV infection, taken together with the increasing AIDS incidence trend in Santarém during the study period suggest that even though programmatic interventions may have succeeded in identifying more AIDS cases, they were not able to lead to an earlier diagnosis. We believe that the implementation of second generation surveillance strategies in this region could guide programmatic interventions for the control of the epidemic more efficiently, in a context characterized by individual, social and programmatic factors related to a high vulnerability to HIV infection.