隨著時代的變遷，家庭結構出現了龐大變化。尤其在社會氛圍瀰漫著「不婚、不生」的風氣下，人口轉型的速度比起過去大幅增加。根據行政院主計總處的調查，近年來單人家戶以及夫婦兩人家戶占總家庭戶數的比重已增長至33.01%。因此，在「單人」、「頂客」家庭越來越多的情況下，不僅僅改變了社會型態，也改變了家庭的消費模式。所以說，本研究企圖利用家庭收支調查以及普查資料進行分析，並使用R軟體運算資料以及視覺化呈現空間資訊。其研究的方向與重點有三：第一，本研究旨在探討在不同背景條件下，會分別產生出何種樣貌的單人家戶以及頂客家戶類型，以針對各類型家戶進行人口樣貌與背景特徵的比較分析；第二，於分類後，結合2010年普查資料中的鄉鎮市區地理資訊，來歸納出不同的家庭類型其區域分布的差異；最後，再使用家庭等值規模尺度之概念，從家庭的收入、消費支出著手，以瞭解在不同的單人家戶、頂客家戶類型中，其消費樣態的差異為何？單人家戶是否能夠達到與頂客家戶相同甚至更高的生活風貌？並探究出單人家戶者究竟能否透過消費來實現「樂單」生活。 本研究結果發現，在分布與特性中，無論是在單人家戶抑或頂客家戶，個人的背景會影響其未來組成家庭的樣貌，大部分的青年人口皆為高學歷，也因為教育年限的延長以及晚婚，導致這些人成為單人家戶抑或是頂客家戶的比率也隨之成長。尤其是在單人家戶裡的青年人口，逐漸成為現代中不容小覷的一群，其比率僅次於第一高的離異單人家戶。而在區域分布的部分，可以發現，單人家戶與頂客家戶的高齡人口比例，已足以影響整體家戶區域分布的狀況，實有必要透過本研究中的五種以及三種分類加以說明，才能夠更為精確地描述出各家戶的分布狀況。 最後，在消費趨勢中，則可以發現，一個家庭位於不同生命週期以及不同家庭規模之下，會呈現出不同比例的消費特性，家庭中的所有消費，除單人戶之外，均須考慮到規模經濟的影響，所以，最後研究者利用等值規模尺度概念進行運算，得出在單人階段與年輕夫妻階段，於家庭收支調查所列的消費項目都有較高的消費支出，而單人家戶又比頂客家戶更高，因此，由本文即可證明，單人家戶的消費，的確能夠比起其他家戶更為自由，其消費會以精美、自我實現為最大考量，使自己能夠獲得享受獨居生活之樂趣，所以說，「樂單」一詞足以取代「孤單」，成為「單人者」的新興代名詞。 / As time goes by, the structure of family has made some changement. Especially under the atmosphere of “no marriage, no plan to give birth to a child” within this society, the speed of demographic transition has risen intensely than the old times. According to the survey of The Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS) of Executive Yuan, the percentage of One-person household and Married-couple household have increased to 33.01% in all kinds of household. Hence, the increase of One-person, DINK household has not only change the social type but also the way of consumption of a family. This study attempt to analysis the changement by the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure and census data. I use R to run statistic data, and also to visualize space information. The research focus on three points: First, I would like to know what kind of One-person household and DINK household will be formed under different condition to do comparative analysis. Second, after categorizing, combined with the geography information in 2010. To distinguish the distribution pattern difference within each type of household. In the end, use the Household Equivalence Scale to see through the difference of consumption to be affected by income and consumption. If One-person household can be living at the same or even better than the DINK household? I would also like to know if One-person household can live their “Quirkyalone” life simply through consumption. According to the result, personal background will affect the future household feature both in One-person and DINK household. Most of the youth are highly educated, due to the extension of years of education and the postpone of going into marriage. These kind of persons are more likely to become One-person household or DINK household. Particularly the youth in the One-person household, their rate after the highest divorced One-person household. In the regional distribution, proportion of elderly population in the One-person and DINK household can affect the regional distribution of households. It needs to explain by the five and the three categories in this study, then precisely describe the distribution of household ratio. In the consumption trends, when a family at different stage and scale of life cycle will present different portion of consumption features. However, this proportionality is to ignore the fact that composition of One-person household is less than DINK household. Therefore, to take the effection of economies of scale into consideration, during single and newlyweds stage they have higher expense within the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure. Above all, the One-person household is higher than the DINK household. Thus, as a result, I can prove that the One-person household is more liberated than other household. They will take their self-fulfillment maximize into consideration while making consumptions. To increase the enjoyment of living alone. In a nutshall, “Quirkyalone” is a word that can replace “lonely”.

In spite of an ever-growing supply of metals, actors have long feared metal shortages. This thesis – departing from an understanding that metals scarcity is not an objective geological fact, but an experience, a fear of a shortage – explores why business and state actors have experienced metals as scarce and how they coped with scarcity from 1870 to 2015. The underlying reasons for scarcity experiences originated in high prices, a lack of substitutes, domestic unavailability, limited infrastructure and increased demand. In the view of businesses and the state, a shortage of metals could hinder successful industrialization. Defining metals as scarce was a first step in their attempts to ensure access through exploration, recycling, substitution, and trade agreements. This dissertation presents five case studies which provide insights into three selected aspects of metals scarcity that have been overlooked in previous studies. First, while small countries experienced and coped with metals scarcity in a similar way to large nations, they were more vulnerable because of their dependence on transnational flows controlled by larger countries. Yet if they remained neutral in international conflicts, they could enjoy other opportunities to import resources than their larger rivals. Second, industries experienced metals scarcity before World War I; with the onset of the Second Industrial Revolution, at the very latest, new technologies were often dependent on metals which had never before been used commercially – there were not yet any extraction systems in place. However, once these metals began to circulate, state actors became aware of the international traffic and began to classify certain metals as critical. Thirdly, technological change has affected – and been affected by – metals scarcity. If a metal was scarce, manufacturers were likely to embark on a different path to production. Inversely, sometimes new technologies were able to alleviate perceptions of scarcity. / <p>QC 20171206</p>

Diploma thesis "Health care expenditures- future prospects and current situation" is focused on three areas linked to health care expenditures in EU and USA. First area, health expenditures financing, is analyzed in first chapter of the thesis. In the chapter, the development of modern health systems from its beginnings to 2014 is described. Second chapter is based on statistical hypothesis testing- paired two-sample t-tests. Firstly, share of health expenditures on GDP in 2000 and 2014 is tested. Secondly, share of public financing on health expenditures in 2000 and 2014 in tested. Third chapter explores influence of demography factors on health care expenditures and tests structure of health care expenditures in 2004 and 2013.

The main aim of this diploma thesis is to give a complex view of the Czech pension system to the reader. In recent years pensions and their associated problems have been the main theme of many discussions. We often hear politicians and experts speaking about the financial problems of the Czech pension system and its unavoidable reform. The preamble of this thesis deals with different situations in the Czech pension system, the rules under which it operates and its history. The body of this work is focused on the analysis of fundamental problems and their effects on the contemporary pension system in the Czech Republic. The emphases in the thesis are on demographic trends; the ageing process; receipts and expenditures of the Czech pension system; the political situation and public opinion in the Czech Republic. The conclusion of this thesis describes various reforms for the Czech pension system and mentions basic information about the Slovak pension system.

The thesis focuses on new marketing communication techniques. Their appearance is triggered mainly by technological progress and consumers' immunity to existing methods. Despite business ethics being part of commercial activities of majority of companies and business activities, not seldom do these upcoming and non-standard methods cross the boundaries of law and ethics. This business ethics has institutionalized itself into ethics codes. The thesis provides insight into the issue of the system of legal regulations of advertising in the Czech Republic. The regulation of ethics is executed by "Rada pro reklamu" as so-called self-regulation. The bodies of "RPR", its activity and also the "Code" and its practical application are detailed. The regulation of ethics concerning Public Relations is also involved. Trends are illustrated by many examples from real life.

This Thesis focuses on Insolvency. The work begins with determination of basic terms relevant to Insolvency. Further it describes the importance of Capital Structure and claims for company assets and the importance of debt financing. Financial analysis is important for the prediction of bankruptcy in the future. There are references to the basic methods of financial analysis, the most significant ratio indicators and some models for the prediciton of bankruptcy (Altman's Z-score, Neumaier's Index IN05, Kralicek's quick test). Theory Approach is an important microeconomic theory connected with insolvency. The next part of the work focuses on Theory Approach problems - relationships between the lender and the borrower (principal and agent), information asymmetry, soft and hard budget constraint. The work is also focused on a Czech bankruptcy legal form. It also references the purpose and goals of the bankruptcy law, rescue culture, development and the new Czech Bankruptcy Act and the insolvency process. The next part of the work investigates trends of insolvency in the USA , Europe and the Czech Republic in context of the world economic crisis. After that a case study follows. The goal of the case study is to describe the bankruptcy of a real Czech company and resume for the issues which were mentioned in the theoretical part of the Thesis. The company which is analysed in this case study is Oděvní podnik, a.s.. During the insolvency process, it used the new bankruptcy act-reorganization. The case study involves analysis of the causes of bankruptcy, financial analysis (the trends in balance sheet and profit and loss report, ratio indicators calculation and application of credibility and bankruptcy models) with the purpose of finding out if it was possible to predict the bankruptcy of Oděvní podnik, a.s.. The next part of the case study describes the insolvency processes which have run till this time with focus on the chosen problems of the Theory Approach.

This thesis charts the developments that have occurred in the field of managerial education specifically from the perspective of the current trends in educational programmes both in the Czech Republic as well as abroad. The theoretical section of the thesis consists of a pilot study aimed at the demand for educational and developmental programmes amongst a selected research sample of managers and also at an analysis of the supply offered by a sample of educational organisations located in the City of Prague. Based on the information that was gathered, certain conclusions were drawn and recommendations made for modifying the study programmes offered by the Faculty of Management of the University of Economics.

This final thesis deals with the communication strategy of Hervis Sport a móda s. r. o. The first part provides a theoretical framework for marketing communication, explains concepts such as marketing process management, marketing mix, communication mix and new trends in communication. The aim of this thesis is to suggest a new communication strategy based on analysis of current communication of Hervis and results of conducted survey. Description of Hervis is included in terms of its history, the international presence of Hervis subsidiaries, the contemporary marketing mix and the identification of Hervis' competitors.

Diploma thesis focuses on modern trends in marketing communication of specific educational institution. Main goal of the thesis is to analyse and to design of a mobile application for Faculty of Management University of Economics in Prague as a new tool of marketing communication intended for candidates interested in studying and potential students. Theoretical part of the thesis includes general topics about strategic university management of Universities, marketing communication and relations management. Author also presents the mobile application as a product, its applicability, ways of its distribution and necessary steps for its analysis and design.

The aim of this thesis is the analysis of selected frameworks for the development of modern web applications on the Java platform focusing on the front-end. The work is complemented by well-chosen source code examples that help the reader to create one's own view of the frameworks and it can also server as a tutorial. Introductory section focuses on the trends of modern web applications, especially on the front-end. It affects themes such as support for mobile devices, AJAX or responsive design of user interface. There are also introduced the latest technology on the front-end including HTML5, CSS3, jQuery library and dynamic language LESS whose main objective is the simplification, shortening and making cascading style sheets more dynamic. The output of this section: General LESS template is freely available and it can be applied to emerging projects. For the analysis there has been created static registration form on which there are applied frameworks Apache Wicket and Spring MVC with template engine Freemarker. In terms of analysis were chosen following points: the basic structure of the project, the application of static templates, external JavaScript / jQuery library, internalization, application of the form, submitting the form and validation of the input fields. The points were discussed in detail, especially in terms of implementation of both analysed frameworks. The outputs of the analysis are freely available structures of the projects and both of the resulting applications.