Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EugenioOO_DISSERT.pdf: 4689753 bytes, checksum: 3bf8e997d1b94d1858f0a0c5652f05b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-19 / Pipelines for the transport of crude oil from the production wells to the collecting stations are named production lines . These pipes are subjected to chemical and electrochemical corrosion according to the environment and the type of petroleum transported. Some of these lines, depending upon the composition of the fluid produced, may leak within less than one year of operation due to internal corrosion. This work aims at the development of composite pipes with an external protecting layer of high density polyurethane for use in production lines of onshore oil wells, meeting operational requirements. The pipes were manufactured using glass fibers, epoxy resin, polyester resin, quartz sand and high density polyurethane. The pipes were produced by filament winding with the deposition of high density polyurethane on the external surface and threaded ends (API 15 HR/PM-VII). Three types of pipes were manufactured: glass/epoxy, glass/epoxy with an external polyurethane layer and glass/epoxy with an intermediate layer of glass fiber, polyester, sand and with an external polyurethane layer. The three samples were characterized by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and for the determination of constituent content. In addition, the following tests were conducted: hydrostatic test, instant rupture, shorttime failure pressure, Gardner impact, transverse stiffness and axial tension. Field tests were conducted in Mossor? RN (BRAZIL), where 1,677 meters of piping were used. The tests results of the three types of pipes were compared in two events: after two months from manufacturing of the samples and after nine months of field application. The results indicate that the glass/epoxy pipes with an intermediate layer of fiber glass composite, polyester e sand and with an external layer of high density polyurethane showed superior properties as compared to the other two and met the requirements of pressure class, axial tensile strength, transverse stiffness, impact and environmental conditions, for onshore applications as production lines / As tubula??es para transporte de petr?leo dos po?os de produ??o at? a esta??o coletora s?o denominadas de linhas de surg?ncia . Essas tubula??es est?o sujeitas ? corros?o qu?mica e eletroqu?mica, de acordo com o ambiente e os tipos de petr?leo. Algumas dessas linhas, a depender da composi??o do petr?leo produzido falham, ?s vezes, com menos de um ano de opera??o, devido ? corros?o interna severa. Este trabalho objetiva o desenvolvimento de tubula??o em comp?sito revestida externamente com poliuretano de alta densidade, para aplica??o em linhas de surg?ncia de po?os de petr?leo onshore e que atenda ?s exig?ncias operacionais. Neste desenvolvimento foram empregados fibra de vidro, resina ep?xi, resina poli?ster, areia quartzosa e poliuretano (PU) de alta densidade. Os tubos foram produzidos pelos processos de enrolamento filamentar com deposi??o de PU na superf?cie externa e extremidades com rosca moldada (API 15 HR e PM-VII). Foram produzidas tr?s concep??es de tubos: vidro/ep?xi sem revestimento, vidro/ep?xi revestido com poliuretano de alta densidade e vidro/ep?xi coberto por um composto de fibra de vidro, poli?ster e areia, revestido externamente com poliuretano de alta densidade. Amostras das tr?s concep??es foram caracterizadas atrav?s da t?cnica de Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV), da determina??o do teor de vidro e resina, dos ensaios de rigidez e tra??o axial e dos testes hidrost?ticos, ruptura instant?nea, press?o de curta dura??o e impacto Gardner. Essa nova tecnologia foi testada no campo de produ??o em Mossor? RN, nos quais foram instalados 1.677 metros de tubos. Assim, os resultados dos ensaios e testes das tr?s concep??es de tubos foram comparados entre si em dois eventos: ap?s dois meses da fabrica??o das amostras e ap?s nove meses da aplica??o dos tubos em campo. Os dados indicaram que o tubo em comp?sito vidro/ep?xi, poli?ster e areia, revestido externamente com poliuretano de alta densidade , apresentou melhores resultados quando comparado aos outros dois, podendo ser usado na ind?stria de petr?leo em aplica??es onshore , como uma alternativa para a aplica??o em linhas de surg?ncia, atendendo ?s exig?ncias de classe de press?o, resist?ncia ? tra??o axial, rigidez, impacto e intemp?ries

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DorivaldaSMN.pdf: 3293308 bytes, checksum: e37080f4f72e81ac421fcaf0fec21fa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In the last decades there was a significant increasing of the numbers of researchers that joint efforts to find alternatives to improve the development of low environmental impact technology. Materials based on renewable resources have enormous potentials of applications and are seen as alternatives for the sustainable development. Within other parameters, the sustainability depends on the energetic efficiency, which depends on the thermal insulation. Alternative materials, including vegetal fibers, can be applied to thermal insulation, where its first goal is to minimize the loss of energy. In the present research, it was experimentally analyzed the thermal behavior of fiber blankets of sisal (Agave sisalana) with and without surface treatment with oxide hidroxide (NaOH). Blankets with two densities (1100/1200 and 1300/1400 g/m2) were submitted to three rates of heat transfer (22.5 W, 40 W and 62.5 W). The analysis of the results allowed comparing the blankets treated and untreated in each situation. Others experiments were carried out to obtain the thermal conductivity (k), heat capacity (C) and the thermal diffusivity (α) of the blankets. Thermo gravimetric analyses were made to the verification of the thermal stability. Based on the results it was possible to relate qualitatively the effect of the heat transfer through the sisal blankets subjected to three heat transfer rates, corresponding to three temperature values (77 ?C, 112 ?C e 155 ?C). To the first and second values of temperature it was verified a considerable reduction on the rate of heat transfer; nevertheless, to the third value of temperature, the surface of the blankets (treated and untreated) in contact with the heated surface of the tube were carbonized. It was also verified, through the analyses of the results of the measurements of k, C e α, that the blankets treated and untreated have values near to the conventional isolating materials, as glass wool and rock wool. It could be concluded that is technically possible the use of sisal blankets as constitutive material of thermal isolation systems in applications where the temperature do not reach values greater than 112 ?C / Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, t?m sido grandes os esfor?os dos pesquisadores na busca por alternativas sustent?veis e conhecimentos sobre como se poder? continuar promovendo o desenvolvimento sem que isso ocorra de forma agressiva ao ambiente. Materiais oriundos de fontes renov?veis possuem grande potencial de aplicabilidade e s?o vistos como alternativas para um desenvolvimento sustent?vel. Dentre outros par?metros, a sustentabilidade depende da efici?ncia energ?tica e essa, por sua vez, depende de isolantes t?rmicos. Materiais alternativos, entre eles as fibras vegetais, podem ser aplicadas para fins de isolamento t?rmico, cujo principal objetivo ? minimizar as perdas de energia. Na presente pesquisa, analisou-se experimentalmente a aplicabilidade de mantas de fibras de sisal (Agave sisalana), in natura e com tratamento superficial com hidr?xido de s?dio (NaOH), ? isola??o t?rmica. Foram utilizadas mantas de duas gramaturas (1100/1200 e 1300/1400 g/m2) submetidas a tr?s taxas de transfer?ncia de calor (22,5 W, 40 W e 62,5 W). A an?lise dos resultados obtidos permitiu comparar a capacidade de isola??o das mantas tratada e in natura em cada situa??o. Ensaios foram realizados para determina??o da condutividade t?rmica (k), capacidade calor?fica (C) e a difusividade t?rmica (α) das mantas; a estabilidade t?rmica foi verificada por meio de an?lise termogravim?trica (TGA). Com base nos resultados, foi poss?vel relacionar qualitativamente o efeito da transfer?ncia de calor atrav?s das mantas de sisal submetidas a tr?s condi??es de aquecimento, correspondentes a tr?s valores de temperatura (77 ?C, 112 ?C e 155 ?C). Nas duas condi??es iniciais, verificou-se que as mantas de sisal proporcionaram uma significativa redu??o da taxa de transfer?ncia de calor. Na terceira condi??o (155 ?C), contudo, as superf?cies das mantas (tratadas e in natura) em contato com a superf?cie aquecida do tubo ficaram carbonizadas. Por meio das an?lises dos resultados das medi??es de k, C e α, constatou-se que as mantas tratadas e in natura apresentaram valores bem pr?ximos aos de materiais isolantes comerciais (l? de vidro e l? de rocha). P?de-se concluir que mantas de sisal podem ser empregadas como material constituinte de sistemas de isola??o t?rmica para aplica??es em que a temperatura n?o ultrapasse 112 ?C