Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-11T19:43:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Maria Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira.pdf: 7923335 bytes, checksum: b4bf6ee6e3e8616e057c10373b9ec475 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T19:43:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Maria Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira.pdf: 7923335 bytes, checksum: b4bf6ee6e3e8616e057c10373b9ec475 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-26 / CAPES / The aim of this study was to morphologically characterize the external appendages (buccula, rostrum; stridulatory groove; scutellum of male legs and genitalia of females) Triatoma carcavalloi, Triatoma circummaculata and Triatoma rubrovaria compare the morphology and morphometry of exoc?rios bodies and opercula of eggs through optical and scanning electron microscopy, besides examining the bionomic characteristics of T. carcavalloi in laboratory conditions, providing subsidies to assess the vectorial capacity of this species. Morphostructural the differences of adults were illustrated in scutellar region where only one species, T. circummaculata, presented in the harth form median depression. In the analyzes of the cephalic region, stridulatory groove is in the form of "U" shaped and T. circummaculata "V" T. carcavalloi and T. rubrovaria the buccula and T. carcavalloi described how to T. rubrovaria "U" and T. circummaculata "V". Already the rostrum of T. carcavalloi, T. circummaculata and T. rubrovaria presented two side slits 1 + 1 at the apex. Were analyzed and highlighted significant differences in the length, width and diameter of the body and lid of the eggs of T. rubrovaria, T. carcavalloi and T. circummaculata. In the femurs of the legs of the three species, in both sexes a pair of subapical denticles were found. The spongy pits were found only in males, tibia of fore and middle legs. Regarding the biology of T. carcavalloi, the average incubation period of the eggs in T. carcavalloi was 22.7 days. The largest number of eggs / female / week was observed during the warmer months and the eggs that failed to hatch were fertile. The first day of blood meal was 3.13 days after hatching, on average. The intermoult period N1-N2 averaged de18,52 days; N2-N3 was 62.77 days; N3-N4 was 86.93 days; N4-N5 and N5 was 119.05 days, adult was 193.43 days. The overall average of feeds throughout the nymphal development was 13.4. The results achieved for starvation resistance indicated that the nymphs of 3rd, 4th and 5th stages have higher resistance than adults, and in this case the males were less resistant than females. The highest mortality rate was recorded in N3 (22.2%). The median survival was 25.6 weeks for adultos.O total life cycle was long, averaging 503.4 dias. A general evaluation of the results showed that in all studied morphological characters there were significant differences in all three species, putting each species in its specific status. However, the species that differs in the largest number of features, particularly the size of the structures is T. circummaculata. The data obtained in addition to expanding the knowledge of T. carcavalloi bion?mico contribute to the assessment of the possible role of this species in the transmission of T. cruzi. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar morfologicamente os ap?ndices externos (b?cula, rostro; sulco estridulat?rio; escutelo de machos, patas e genit?lia de f?meas) deTriatoma carcavalloi, Triatoma circummaculata e Triatoma rubrovaria, comparar a morfologia e a morfometria dos exoc?rios dos corpos e op?rculos dos ovos atrav?s da microscopia ?tica e eletr?nica de varredura, al?m de examinar as caracter?sticas bion?micas de Triatoma carcavalloi em condi??es de laborat?rio, fornecendo subs?dios para avaliar a capacidade vetorial dessa esp?cie. Foram ilustradas as diferen?as morfoestruturais dos adultos na regi?o escutelar onde apenas uma esp?cie, T. circummaculata, apresentou a forma codiforme na depress?o mediana. Nas an?lises da regi?o cef?lica, o sulco estridulat?rio ? em forma de ?U? em T. circummaculata e em forma de "V" em T. carcavalloi e T. rubrovaria, as b?culas de T. carcavalloi e T. rubrovaria apresentaram a forma de ?U? e T. circummaculata de ?V?. J? o rostro de T. carcavalloi, T. circummaculata e T. rubrovaria apresentaram duas fendas laterais 1+1 no ?pice. Foram analisadas e evidenciadas diferen?as significativas no comprimento, largura e di?metro do corpo e do op?rculo dos ovos de T. rubrovaria, T. carcavalloi e T. circummaculata. Nos f?mures das patas das tr?s esp?cies, em ambos os sexos foram encontrados um par de dent?culos subapicais. As fossetas esponjosas foram encontradas somente nos machos, nas t?bias das patas anteriores e medianas. Em rela??o a biologia de Triatoma carcavalloi, o per?odo m?dio de incuba??o dos ovos em T. carcavalloi foi de 22,7 dias. O maior n?mero de ovos / f?mea /semana foi observado durante os meses mais quentes e os ovos que n?o eclodiram eram f?rteis. O primeiro dia de repasto sangu?neo foi de 3,13 dias ap?s a eclos?o, em m?dia. O per?odo de intermuda N1-N2 foi em m?dia de18,52 dias; N2-N3 foi 62,77 dias; N3-N4 foi 86,93 dias; N4-N5 foi 119,05 dias e N5-adulto foi 193,43 dias. A m?dia geral de alimenta??es durante todo o desenvolvimento ninfal foi de 13,4. Os resultados logrados para resist?ncia ao jejum indicaram que as ninfas de 3?, 4? e 5? est?dios apresentam maior resist?ncia do que os adultos, e neste caso os machos foram menos resistentes do que as f?meas. A taxa de mortalidade mais alta foi registrada em N3(22,2%). A sobreviv?ncia m?dia foi de 25,6 semanas para os adultos.O ciclo de vida total foi longo, com m?dia de 503,4 dias.Uma avalia??o geral dos resultados apontou que em todos os caracteres morfol?gicos estudados houveram diferen?as significantes nas tr?s esp?cies, colocando cada esp?cie em seu status espec?fico. Entretanto, a esp?cie que difere em maior n?mero de caracter?sticas, principalmente no tamanho das estruturas ? Triatoma circummaculata. Os dados obtidos al?m de ampliar o conhecimento bion?mico de Triatoma carcavalloi contribuem para a avalia??o de uma poss?vel participa??o desta esp?cie na transmiss?o do T. cruzi.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-04T18:36:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - CRISTINA SANTOS DA SILVA.pdf: 3106410 bytes, checksum: 18949ec17e0df834beb420705591824d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T18:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - CRISTINA SANTOS DA SILVA.pdf: 3106410 bytes, checksum: 18949ec17e0df834beb420705591824d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / CAPES / Chagas? Disease or American trypanosomiasis is an important parasitic disease in the Americas and is still considered one of the major neglected tropical diseases affecting millions of people worldwide due to lack of effective control. Thus, it has a significant impact on human health. This disease has its epidemiology conditioned by triatomines and mammals and its etiological agent is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi.Investigations on the adaptation mechanisms, gene regulation and parasite interaction vs. vector evolved, which proves the need for the use of molecular tools for the study and elucidation on adaptive changes in these parasites. Recently, it was found evidence where studies indicate that the expression of T. cruzi?s antioxidant enzymes such as cytosolic peroxiredoxin (TcCPx), mitochondrial peroxiredoxin (TcMPx), (TcAPX) and trypanothione synthetase (TXNI, TXNII), superoxide dismutase (SOD A and SOD B) can be part of parasite?s protective system and indicate factors related to different levels of virulence of the etiological agent.Thus, proteomics analysis and evaluation of the expression of antioxidant enzymes from different subcellular compartments can corroborate to the studies related to virulence indices and expression of proteins involved in this process. In this sense, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the morphology of the isolated samples SMM98, SMM36 and SMM1, analyze beyond the proteomic profile, the expression of antioxidant enzymes (TcCPx; TcMPx; TcAPx; TcTXNI; TcTXNII, SOD A and SOD B) and observe the redox status expression using isolates SMM36 and SMM98 in comparison with strains TCC, Silvio and DM28c. The results showed different morphology from the isolated, high levels of virulence, varied protein profile comparison between SMM98 isolated and SMM36, when treated with NAC and Heme changes were observed in the development of the parasites, indicating the participation of the Redox Status of the Rio de Janeiro used in this study. / A doen?a de Chagas ou tripanossom?ase americana ? uma importante doen?a parasit?ria nas Am?ricas e ainda hoje ? considerada uma das principais doen?as tropicais negligenciadas acometendo milh?es de pessoas no mundo devido ? falta de controle efetivo. Desta forma, apresenta um impacto significativo sobre a sa?de humana. Esta enfermidade tem sua epidemiologia condicionada pelos triatom?neos e os mam?feros e tem como agente etiol?gico o protozo?rio Trypanosoma cruzi.Investiga??es sobre os mecanismos de adapta??o, regula??o g?nica e intera??o parasito x vetor evolu?ram, o que comprova a necessidade da utiliza??o de ferramentas moleculares para o estudo e elucida??es sobre as mudan?as adaptativas ocorridas nestes parasitos. Recentemente evid?ncias surgiram neste sentido, onde estudos indicam que a express?o de enzimas antioxidantes do T. cruzi tais como: peroxirredoxinas citos?lica (TcCPx), mitocondriais (TcMPx), (TcAPX) e tripanotiona sintetase (TXNI, TXNII), super?xido dismutase (SOD A e SOD B) podem fazer parte do sistema protetivo do parasito e indicar fatores relacionados aos diferentes n?veis de virul?ncia deste agente etiol?gico. Desta forma, an?lises prote?mica e avalia??o da express?o de enzimas antioxidantes de diferentes compartimentos subcelulares podem corroborar para com os estudos relacionados aos ?ndices de virul?ncia e express?o de prote?nas envolvidas neste processo. Neste sentido, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a morfologia dos isolados das amostras SMM98, 36 e 1, analisar al?m do perfil prote?mico, a express?o de enzimas antioxidantes (TcCPx; TcMPx; TcAPx; TcTXNI; TcTXNII, SOD A e SOD B) e observar a express?o do status redox utilizando os isolados SMM36 e SMM98 em compara??o com as cepas TCC, Silvio e DM28c. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram aspectos morfol?gicos diferenciados dentre os isolados, n?veis de virul?ncia elevados, perfil de prote?nas variados quando comparados entre os isolados SMM98 e SMM36. E, quando tratados com Heme e NAC foram observadas altera??es no desenvolvimento dos parasitos, denotando a participa??o do Status Redox frente aos isolados do Rio de Janeiro utilizados neste estudo.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-03T18:43:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jorge Ant?nio Casagrande Bretas.pdf: 2891351 bytes, checksum: 638557595a03b65975bc6e16746991f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T18:43:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jorge Ant?nio Casagrande Bretas.pdf: 2891351 bytes, checksum: 638557595a03b65975bc6e16746991f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / CAPES / The fat body of insects is involved in very important functions. Thus, the fat body, besides acting as a reserve site and synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids participates in the production of substances with action on the immune system, detoxification, production of eggs, sperm and pheromone. However, the main function of the fat body is the reserve of lipids. The fat body of insects is usually divided into two regions, the visceral fat body, located near the digestive tract, and the parietal fat body, located near the cuticle. The cell types found in the fat body of insects vary, being found only one type in some and more than ten kinds in others. The main cell types found in the fat body of insects are trophocytes, urocytes and oenocytes. The morphology and biochemistry of fat body Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas, was examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy and high-performance thin layer chromatography. Thus, cuts through the abdomen of adult males and females showed that the fatty body is divided into two main components, in accordance with the spatial distribution in the insect's body: one parietal part which is located just under the cuticle and other visceral which is distributed suspended lobes and often associated with tracheas in hemocele. The fat body of L. longipalpis contains only one cell type, trophocyte, which has a large amount of lipid droplets, protein and glycogen granules in their cytoplasm rosettes. The lipid composition varies according to the physiological and insect species. The neutral lipid stored in fat body found more insects is the triacylglycerol. In addition, small amounts of diacylglycerol, steroids, free fatty acids, carotenoids and monoglycerides are carried by lipoforina (major lipoprotein of the insects). The diacylglycerol is derived from triglycerides stored in fat body and is the main form of fatty acid which are recruited to sites of utilization such as flight muscles, for example. Biochemical analysis of the abdominal tergites L. longipalpis males, by high-performance thin layer chromatography, showed the presence of different classes of neutral lipid (mono-, di- and triacylglycerols, fatty acids, cholesterol and esterified cholesterol) and phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylcholine) in the fat body. Furthermore, the lipid composition of the abdominal tergites varied, with the highest amount of lipids extracted from the fourth tergite, which has pheromone producing gland. Finally, the main neutral lipid extracted from the fat body of L. longipalpis was the triacylglycerol and the main phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. / O corpo gorduroso dos insetos est? envolvido em fun??es de grande import?ncia. Assim, o corpo gorduroso, al?m de atuar como s?tio de reserva e s?ntese de prote?nas, carboidratos e lip?dios participa da produ??o de subst?ncias com a??o no sistema imune, detoxifica??o, produ??o dos ?vulos, espermatozoides e de ferom?nios. Contudo, a principal fun??o do corpo gorduroso ? a reserva de lip?dios. O corpo gorduroso dos insetos normalmente ? dividido em duas regi?es, o corpo gorduroso visceral, localizado pr?ximo do tubo digestivo, e o corpo gorduroso parietal, localizado pr?ximo da cut?cula. Os tipos celulares encontrados no corpo gorduroso dos insetos variam, sendo encontrado apenas um tipo em alguns e mais de dez tipos em outros. Os principais tipos celulares encontrados no corpo gorduroso dos insetos s?o os trof?citos, ur?citos e os oen?citos. A morfologia e a bioqu?mica do corpo gorduroso de Lutzomyia longipalpis, o principal vetor da leishmaniose visceral nas Am?ricas, foi analisado por microscopia de luz, microscopia eletr?nica e cromatografia em camada fina de alta performance. Assim, cortes atrav?s do abd?men de machos e f?meas adultas mostraram que o corpo gorduroso ? dividido em dois componentes principais, de acordo com a distribui??o espacial no corpo do inseto: uma parte parietal que est? localizada logo abaixo da cut?cula, e outra visceral que est? distribu?da em l?bulos suspensos e frequentemente associado a traqueias na hemocele. O corpo gorduroso de L. longipalpis cont?m somente um tipo celular, o trof?cito, o qual possui grande quantidade de got?culas de lip?dios, gr?nulos de prote?na e rosetas de glicog?nio em seu citoplasma. A composi??o lip?dica varia de acordo com a condi??o fisiol?gica e esp?cie do inseto. O lip?dio neutro estocado mais encontrado no corpo gorduroso de insetos ? o triacilglicerol. Al?m disso, pequenas quantidades de diacilglicerol, esteroides, ?cidos graxos livres, carotenoides e monoacilglicerois s?o transportadas por lipoforina (maior lipoprote?na dos insetos). O diacilglicerol ? derivado de triacilglicerois estocados no corpo gorduroso e constitui a principal forma de acido graxo que s?o mobilizadas para os s?tios de utiliza??o tal como os m?sculos de voo, por exemplo. A an?lise bioqu?mica dos tergitos abdominais de machos de L. longipalpis, atrav?s de Cromatografia em camada fina de alta performance, mostrou a presen?a de diferentes classes de lip?dios neutros (mono-, di- e triacilglicerois, ?cidos graxos, colesterol e colesterol esterificado) e fosfolip?dios (fosfatidilcolina, fosfatidiletanolamina, fosfatidilinositol, lisofosfatidilcolina) no corpo gorduroso. Al?m disso, a composi??o lip?dica entre os tergitos abdominais variou, sendo a maior quantidade de lip?dios extra?dos do quarto tergito, o qual possui gl?ndulas produtoras de ferom?nio. Finalmente, o principal lip?dio neutro extra?do do corpo gorduroso de L. longipalpis foi o triacilglicerol e o principal fosfolip?dio foi a fosfatidiletanolamina.