The inception of Montreal’s underground displayed significant inventiveness in striving for a multi-level city, however today the urban network has developed into an overly-commercialized, perfunctory series of ‘unfelt’ commuting spaces. This thesis is firstly an invitation to see past the glossy storefronts and re-connect to the romantic notion of a subterranean urban labyrinth. Situated between the Expo islands and Mount Royal, the underground city needs an infusion of places of active engagement in order to exist in the city’s social imaginary. This thesis also emphasizes the sense in which these dormant spaces can be awoken to provoke in its occupants a sense of their potential for play and encounter. Transgression puts this potential in motion. The notion of transgression forwarded is personified by the 21st century ‘urbanist’, who studies and uses the city. As flâneur, drifter, urban explorer, traceur, tracker, the transgressive urbanist transforms familiarity by crossing thresholds. Beyond these thresholds lies new territory of sensual engagement and physicality, where we playfully search for the city’s secrets, and engage our capacities to ‘feel’ space. By investigating these practices, a design direction emerges that offers relief from the persistence of ‘anesthetic space’ in Montreal’s underground. This thesis presents reflections on the history of Montreal, a poetic exploration of ‘urban ambiances’, and a curation of works by transgressive urbanists. Through a series of cartographic explorations charting the network’s accidents and deviations, a series of zones are identified as potential intervention sites. Within these places are converging traces of subterranean tunnels, freeways and passages. The intention of these interventions is to unearth a latent urban ambiance of play.

The inception of Montreal’s underground displayed significant inventiveness in striving for a multi-level city, however today the urban network has developed into an overly-commercialized, perfunctory series of ‘unfelt’ commuting spaces. This thesis is firstly an invitation to see past the glossy storefronts and re-connect to the romantic notion of a subterranean urban labyrinth. Situated between the Expo islands and Mount Royal, the underground city needs an infusion of places of active engagement in order to exist in the city’s social imaginary. This thesis also emphasizes the sense in which these dormant spaces can be awoken to provoke in its occupants a sense of their potential for play and encounter. Transgression puts this potential in motion. The notion of transgression forwarded is personified by the 21st century ‘urbanist’, who studies and uses the city. As flâneur, drifter, urban explorer, traceur, tracker, the transgressive urbanist transforms familiarity by crossing thresholds. Beyond these thresholds lies new territory of sensual engagement and physicality, where we playfully search for the city’s secrets, and engage our capacities to ‘feel’ space. By investigating these practices, a design direction emerges that offers relief from the persistence of ‘anesthetic space’ in Montreal’s underground. This thesis presents reflections on the history of Montreal, a poetic exploration of ‘urban ambiances’, and a curation of works by transgressive urbanists. Through a series of cartographic explorations charting the network’s accidents and deviations, a series of zones are identified as potential intervention sites. Within these places are converging traces of subterranean tunnels, freeways and passages. The intention of these interventions is to unearth a latent urban ambiance of play.

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In recent years, many Western European urban public transport systems have undergone major reorganisation, including London (1985), Madrid (1985), Manchester (1986), Zurich (1990), Antwerp (1991), Copenhagen (1991), Athens (1992,1993), Gothenburg (1993) and Hamburg (1996). Other cities are also about to implement reorganisationsin their public transports ystems. Despite this, and with the exception of the British case, relatively little attention has been paid in the literature to the determinants and effects of these changes. Nevertheless, economics has benefited from individual contributions from people involved in these reorganisations. The aim of this thesis is to address two main weaknessesin the existing literature on the organisationo f urban public transport. Firstly, there is a distinct shortage of studies integrating different experiences in terms of forms of organisation.a nd their important features. Hence, emphasisi n this thesis is placed on examining structural changes in urban public transport, using a broad typology of organisations, and to explore related changes in the conduct and performance of public transport systems. A second weakness of the literature is the lack of detailed evaluations of the link between forms of organisation and the performance of transport operators. The evaluation of this link is carried out making use of case studies of Metro de Madrid and London Underground. The key objective of this thesis is to explore the existence of a link between organisation of the urban public transport markets and the performance of transport operators. Ile empirical analysis supports the hypothesis that reorganisations induce changes in performance levels. Additionally, in the cases of Metro de Madrid and London Underground, efficiency and effectiveness values emerge as positively correlated which is contrary to evidence presented in previous work.

PROBLEM This is my graduating thesis from the bachelor program in Industrial Design from Umeå Institute of design. In this project I have looked at in what way the future work wear for an extreme mine environment could improve safety, facilitate the workflow as well as increase the comfort for workers situated more than 1045 meters below ground. I have collaborated with LKAB in Kiruna, Sweden. LKAB is a mining company, exporting iron ore from the worlds largest underground iron ore mine. In the Kiruna mine, a new main level was recently opened at the level of 1365 meters. The extreme conditions down at this depth have created new challenges when it comes to work wear for the employees. METHODS AND FINDING RESULT During the project I have used several methods, all following a typical Industrial Design methodology. I started with visiting the mine, having a look at the entire process and talking to workes. After this I wrote a brief for the project, containing information on what the problem is today. I made an other trip to the mine to host a Pin-Point meeting and a workshop together with workers from different positions and work places within the mine. This to gain a further and more specific understanding in the problem -s. The workshop I hosted was to see what they themselves thought would be good solutions. Other methods I've used is survey, sketch ideation, evaluations with users, interviews, observations, visits to manufacturers, visit to the industrial wash / warehouse and mock-ups. I divided the problems in to categories: The fit of the clothes Ability to carry tools Material Functions / Adjustments The project has resulted in a concept of a new trouser and a new jacket for the workers at the LKAB iron or mine in Kiruna. The garments are of a lighter more durable material than the garments used today. The jacket and the trouser have now more specific pockets and are placed in better positions than earlier. I also tried to place seams better, this to avoid any discomfort and work related injuries. One of the problems today was that the jacket for some, created a pressure over the neck. I've added adjustment possibilities to the garments and inserted "softed" materials in some places to increase level of comfort. The result is portrayed as a full size model, in a women’s fit. RESULT The project has resulted in a concept of a new trouser and a new jacket for the workers at the LKAB iron or mine in Kiruna. The garments are of a lighter more durable material than the garments used today. The jacket and the trouser have now more specific pockets and are placed in better positions than earlier. I also tried to place seams better, this to avoid any discomfort and work related injuries. One of the problems today was that the jacket for some, created a pressure over the neck. I've added adjustment possibilities to the garments and inserted "softed" materials in some places to increase level of comfort. The result is portrayed as a full size model, in a women’s fit.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Purdue University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, August, 1992. / Title from PDF t.p.