This dissertation examines employment and unemployment in the European Union. Its aim is to survey whether the rate of unemployment is influenced by the employment policy and whether it has been declining since the turn of the millennium. Firstly, the author generally explains several important terms. Further she analyses the situation in the whole European Union and subsequently the situation in Austria and Germany, especially between 2000 and 2010. The author presents particular measures of the employment policy introduced in these countries. The results of these measures are documented by reached levels of unemployment rate.

On the 1st January 2006, Act No. 435/2004 Sb. on employment, which was amended by Act No. 382/2005 Sb., came into force. The objective of the act is protection against unemployment, securing full employment and combating illegal employment. This includes a change of condition for obtaining the claim for unemployment benefits. One of the conditions for obtaining the claim for unemployment benefits is to pay retirement income insurance and the contribution for the national employment policy for the 12 months in the decisive period of the last there years before being put in the files of job applicants. From the 1st Oct. 2004 systematic preparation for one{\crq}s future occupation was not included as substitutive employment period at all. Since the 1st Jan. 2006, systematic preparation for one{\crq}s future occupation has been included as substitutive employment period; however, not more than 6 months may be included for these purposes. To file their claims for benefit, the graduates have to hold, before being put into the files of job applicants, a job that allocates the duty to pay insurance for at least six months over the last three years. The research was conducted by means of a quantitative sociological investigation. The technique used for data collection was an anonymous questionnaire. The research set was made up of students of the last years of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia and university and college graduates of in the files of job applicants at the Labour Office in České Budějovice. The objective of my thesis was to find out the attitude of students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies to their possible employment, to compare the obtained data with the answers of university graduates in the file of job applicants at the Labour Office in České Budějovice and to find out the structure of university graduates registered at the Labour Office in České Budějovice, according to the university or college that they graduated from. The objectives of the thesis have been fulfilled. The outcomes of the thesis could be used as an overview of students{\crq} and graduates{\crq} attitude to unemployment and their future employment. These outcomes can be made use of by those who are in charge of the education of these two groups of people. Unemployment in students can optimally be prevented by preventive measures, e.g. by giving due attention to the choice of the branch of study with respect to its use in the labour market, and by providing each individual student with sufficient information.

Pain has been described as the most complex human experience and most frequent reason patients seek medical treatment. Few people fail to experience the pain associated with disease, injury, or medical/surgical procedures. However, the impact of unemployment that results from chronic pain suffering has not been widely researched. To present a comprehensive view of the effect unemployment has upon the chronic pain experience, this study focused upon stress philosophy, chronic pain, employment, and coping effectiveness. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a Personal Data Questionnaire (PDQ) were administered to 96 persons (four groups of 24 subjects) representing either unemployed or employed and either chronic or non-chronic (acute) pain populations.

The imbalances within the Euro-zone were the main reasons of the crisis that had led to the growing budget deficits in the Southern Europe resulting in the accumulation of unsustainable debt. The imbalances were caused by the declining competitiveness of the South vis-s-vis the North. The main causes of the declining competitiveness are the differences in unit labor costs invoked by different regulations concerning the labor markets in the Euro-zone countries and the diverging levels of productivity, which is liked with the different levels of technological advancement. The contributing factor is the institutional imperfections of the EMU, that did not allow the countries in Southern Europe to restore their competitiveness by traditional means without providing them with alternatives.

Magistro darbe pateikiama užimtumo politikos raida, įstojimo į Europos Sąjungą poveikis Lietuvos darbo rinkai, nagrinėjamas užimtumo politikos projektų finansavimas, pateikiama institucijų, atsakingų už užimtumo rėmimo politikos įgyvendinimą, funkcinė analizė. Atliekama Lietuvos Respublikos teisinės bazės, turinčios įtakos užimtumo rėmimo politikos valdymui, analizė. Magistro darbe pateikiama užimtumo politikos įgyvendinimo analizė Radviliškio darbo biržoje 2006-2007 metais: atlikta darbo jėgos paklausos ir pasiūlos suderinamumo, nedarbo, aktyvių darbo rinkos politikos priemonių analizė, pateikta darbo rinkos pokyčių prognozė. Pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos. Patvirtinama autoriaus suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad užimtumo rėmimo politikos strategija daro tiesioginę įtaką šalies gyventojų užimtumo efektyvumui. / In this postgraduate work we submit the course of employment policy, the influence of joining the European Union to Lithuanian job market, analyse the financial part of employment policy. We also make the functional analysis of institutions, which are responsible for the employment . In this postgraduate work we study the implementation of the employment policy in Radviliskis Employment Agency in 2006-2007: we analyse the compatibility between demand and supply, unemloyment, the actions and prognosis of changes in the job market. We give the conclusion and recomendations. We prove the hypothesis of the research, that the strategy towards maintenance of emloyment policy influences the effectiveness of emloyment.