O setor de telefonia vem passando por transformações em seus canais de vendas nos últimos anos, o que tem afetado a forma como as competências organizacionais e funcionais são transmitidas para toda a rede de canais de distribuição das operadoras. A presente pesquisa visa a identificar e descrever quais são as principais lacunas existentes no desdobramento das competências organizacionais e funcionais de agentes autorizados que apresentam contrato de representantes comerciais junto a uma operadora de telefonia móvel do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, a pesquisa envolveu a percepção tanto de proprietários quanto de funcionários da operadora, a fim de comparar tais visões e, assim, identificar pontos de convergência e divergência que pudessem se caracterizar em lacunas no desdobramento das competências. Foram entrevistadas 11 pessoas, sendo seis proprietários de agentes autorizados e cinco funcionários da operadora. A partir das entrevistas, foram identificadas 13 variáveis significativas quanto ao desdobramento das competências, que foram posteriormente reagrupadas em seis categorias de análise, realizando-se a identificação e descrição das percepções de cada um dos grupos de forma individualizada (em um primeiro momento), para posteriormente se proceder à comparação de tais visões. A partir desta comparação frente às seis categorias é que foi possível identificar as 22 lacunas que delas emergiram e que formam os principais fatores a serem desenvolvidos pela operadora para que haja o desdobramento das competências. / Over the last few years, the telephony industry has been experiencing transformations in its sales channels. Such adjustments have caused an impact on the way functional and organizational competences are transferred to the operator’s distribution channel networks. The present research intends to identify and delineate the main gaps that arise in the unfolding of functional and organizational competences with the authorized dealers who hold a business representative contract with a mobile telephony operator company in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In order to identify the converging and diverging aspects that could constitute gaps in the unfolding of competences, this research confronted both the perceptions of the authorized dealer’s and the operator company employee’s. A total of 11 people were interviewed, 6 of whom were authorized dealers and 5 were employees of the operator company. From this interview’s, 13 important variables were initially identified and later regrouped into 6 categories for analysis. Individualized identification and description of the perceptions of each group was performed at first and comparison of the different points of view followed. From such comparison, it was possible to identify 22 points of divergence which comprise the main parameters to be improved by the operator so that the unfolding of competences can happen in a satisfactory manner.

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a coluna de jornal denominada ...umas, assinada pela artista Lenora de Barros no Jornal da Tarde, de São Paulo, entre 1993 e 1996. Nesta coluna foram veiculadas imagens de suas obras e de outros artistas, bem como poemas visuais e experimentações gráficas, extrapolando o caráter informativo do jornalismo impresso. A pesquisa se deu através da análise de edições de ...umas, mantidas por Lenora de Barros como arquivo em seu ateliê, e de outras obras suas. A artista retomou diversas proposições publicadas em ...umas em seu processo de criação atual, desdobrando assim a coluna ...umas em novas obras. Desta forma, são abordados os deslocamentos entre a coluna de jornal e outros espaços legitimados do sistema das artes. A coluna ...umas é considerada neste estudo sob três principais aspectos: como coluna de jornal, como proposição artística e como arquivo. Evidencia-se, nesta análise, que a mesma traz uma concepção singular de apresentação da arte, pois inseriu-se em um veículo de comunicação e não em uma instituição museológica. / This study’s goal is to analyze the newspaper column titled …umas, by the artist Lenora de Barros, published in the Jornal da Tarde, from São Paulo, between 1993 and 1996. In this column were published images of works by Lenora de Barros’ and of other artists, as well as visual poems and graphic experiments, extrapolating the informative features of the newspaper media. This research occurred through the analysis of works by Lenora de Barros and of different editions of …umas, kept as an archive in the artist’s studio. Taking into account that de Barros has resumed several propositions originally published in …umas in her current creative process, unfolding this column into new works, the displacements between newspaper column and other legitimized spaces in the art system are discussed in this study. Therefore, …umas is considered under three main features: as a newspaper column, as an artistic proposition and as an archive. This analysis points to the fact that …umas has a particular conception of the artwork’s appearance, for it was inserted in a communication vehicle and not in a museum institution.

O setor de telefonia vem passando por transformações em seus canais de vendas nos últimos anos, o que tem afetado a forma como as competências organizacionais e funcionais são transmitidas para toda a rede de canais de distribuição das operadoras. A presente pesquisa visa a identificar e descrever quais são as principais lacunas existentes no desdobramento das competências organizacionais e funcionais de agentes autorizados que apresentam contrato de representantes comerciais junto a uma operadora de telefonia móvel do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, a pesquisa envolveu a percepção tanto de proprietários quanto de funcionários da operadora, a fim de comparar tais visões e, assim, identificar pontos de convergência e divergência que pudessem se caracterizar em lacunas no desdobramento das competências. Foram entrevistadas 11 pessoas, sendo seis proprietários de agentes autorizados e cinco funcionários da operadora. A partir das entrevistas, foram identificadas 13 variáveis significativas quanto ao desdobramento das competências, que foram posteriormente reagrupadas em seis categorias de análise, realizando-se a identificação e descrição das percepções de cada um dos grupos de forma individualizada (em um primeiro momento), para posteriormente se proceder à comparação de tais visões. A partir desta comparação frente às seis categorias é que foi possível identificar as 22 lacunas que delas emergiram e que formam os principais fatores a serem desenvolvidos pela operadora para que haja o desdobramento das competências. / Over the last few years, the telephony industry has been experiencing transformations in its sales channels. Such adjustments have caused an impact on the way functional and organizational competences are transferred to the operator’s distribution channel networks. The present research intends to identify and delineate the main gaps that arise in the unfolding of functional and organizational competences with the authorized dealers who hold a business representative contract with a mobile telephony operator company in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In order to identify the converging and diverging aspects that could constitute gaps in the unfolding of competences, this research confronted both the perceptions of the authorized dealer’s and the operator company employee’s. A total of 11 people were interviewed, 6 of whom were authorized dealers and 5 were employees of the operator company. From this interview’s, 13 important variables were initially identified and later regrouped into 6 categories for analysis. Individualized identification and description of the perceptions of each group was performed at first and comparison of the different points of view followed. From such comparison, it was possible to identify 22 points of divergence which comprise the main parameters to be improved by the operator so that the unfolding of competences can happen in a satisfactory manner.

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Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a coluna de jornal denominada ...umas, assinada pela artista Lenora de Barros no Jornal da Tarde, de São Paulo, entre 1993 e 1996. Nesta coluna foram veiculadas imagens de suas obras e de outros artistas, bem como poemas visuais e experimentações gráficas, extrapolando o caráter informativo do jornalismo impresso. A pesquisa se deu através da análise de edições de ...umas, mantidas por Lenora de Barros como arquivo em seu ateliê, e de outras obras suas. A artista retomou diversas proposições publicadas em ...umas em seu processo de criação atual, desdobrando assim a coluna ...umas em novas obras. Desta forma, são abordados os deslocamentos entre a coluna de jornal e outros espaços legitimados do sistema das artes. A coluna ...umas é considerada neste estudo sob três principais aspectos: como coluna de jornal, como proposição artística e como arquivo. Evidencia-se, nesta análise, que a mesma traz uma concepção singular de apresentação da arte, pois inseriu-se em um veículo de comunicação e não em uma instituição museológica. / This study’s goal is to analyze the newspaper column titled …umas, by the artist Lenora de Barros, published in the Jornal da Tarde, from São Paulo, between 1993 and 1996. In this column were published images of works by Lenora de Barros’ and of other artists, as well as visual poems and graphic experiments, extrapolating the informative features of the newspaper media. This research occurred through the analysis of works by Lenora de Barros and of different editions of …umas, kept as an archive in the artist’s studio. Taking into account that de Barros has resumed several propositions originally published in …umas in her current creative process, unfolding this column into new works, the displacements between newspaper column and other legitimized spaces in the art system are discussed in this study. Therefore, …umas is considered under three main features: as a newspaper column, as an artistic proposition and as an archive. This analysis points to the fact that …umas has a particular conception of the artwork’s appearance, for it was inserted in a communication vehicle and not in a museum institution.

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a coluna de jornal denominada ...umas, assinada pela artista Lenora de Barros no Jornal da Tarde, de São Paulo, entre 1993 e 1996. Nesta coluna foram veiculadas imagens de suas obras e de outros artistas, bem como poemas visuais e experimentações gráficas, extrapolando o caráter informativo do jornalismo impresso. A pesquisa se deu através da análise de edições de ...umas, mantidas por Lenora de Barros como arquivo em seu ateliê, e de outras obras suas. A artista retomou diversas proposições publicadas em ...umas em seu processo de criação atual, desdobrando assim a coluna ...umas em novas obras. Desta forma, são abordados os deslocamentos entre a coluna de jornal e outros espaços legitimados do sistema das artes. A coluna ...umas é considerada neste estudo sob três principais aspectos: como coluna de jornal, como proposição artística e como arquivo. Evidencia-se, nesta análise, que a mesma traz uma concepção singular de apresentação da arte, pois inseriu-se em um veículo de comunicação e não em uma instituição museológica. / This study’s goal is to analyze the newspaper column titled …umas, by the artist Lenora de Barros, published in the Jornal da Tarde, from São Paulo, between 1993 and 1996. In this column were published images of works by Lenora de Barros’ and of other artists, as well as visual poems and graphic experiments, extrapolating the informative features of the newspaper media. This research occurred through the analysis of works by Lenora de Barros and of different editions of …umas, kept as an archive in the artist’s studio. Taking into account that de Barros has resumed several propositions originally published in …umas in her current creative process, unfolding this column into new works, the displacements between newspaper column and other legitimized spaces in the art system are discussed in this study. Therefore, …umas is considered under three main features: as a newspaper column, as an artistic proposition and as an archive. This analysis points to the fact that …umas has a particular conception of the artwork’s appearance, for it was inserted in a communication vehicle and not in a museum institution.

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This thesis is based on studies, described in four papers, in which the folding energy landscape of MerP was investigated by various techniques. MerP is a water-soluble 72 amino acid protein with a secondary structure consisting of four anti-parallel β-strands and two α-helices on one side of the sheet in the order β1α1β2β3α2β4. The first paper describes the use of CD and fluorescence analysis to examine the folding/unfolding process of MerP. From these experiments it was found that the protein folds according to a two-state model in which only the native and unfolded forms are populated without any visible intermediates. With a rate constant of 1.2 s-1, the folding rate was found to be unusually slow for a protein of this size. The studies presented in the second and third papers were based on measurements of native-state amide proton exchange at different temperatures (Paper II) and GuHCl concentrations (Paper III) in the pre-transitional region. In these studies partially unfolded forms were found for MerP which are essentially unrelated to each other. Thus, in the folding energy landscape of MerP, several intermediates seem to occur on different folding trajectories that are parallel to each other. The slow folding rate of MerP might be coupled to extensive visitation of these conformations. Hydrogen exchange in MerP did also reveal structure-dependent differences in compactness between the denatured states in GuHCl and H2O. In the last paper multivariate data analysis was applied to 2-dimensional NMR data to detect conformational changes in the structure of MerP induced by GuHCl. From this analysis it was suggested that regions involved in the most flexible part of the protein structure are disrupted at rather low denaturant concentrations (< 2.1 M GuHCl) while the native structures of the most stable parts are still not completely ruptured at 2.9 M GuHCl. Finally, the stability, kinetics, contact order and folding nuclei of six proteins with similar topology (MerP, U1A, S6, ADA2h, AcP and HPr) were compared. In this analysis it was found that their folding properties are quite diverse, despite their topological similarities, and no general rules that have been formulated yet can adequately predict their folding behaviour.

Les réseaux de Petri et leurs extensions constituent un formalisme très connu pour la modélisation de la spécification des systèmes à évènements discrets temps réel. Pour ces systèmes, les exigences de vérification et de validation sont indispensables pour garantir leur bon fonctionnement car la moindre erreur peut entrainer des conséquences catastrophiques. Pour analyser le comportement du système, il est courant de construire le graphe d’états (ou espace d’états) qui énumère de façon exhaustive les différents états accessibles.Ce graphe permet de vérifier des propriétés génériques comme le caractère borné, l’accessibilité, la terminaison, la vivacité, l’absence de blocage, etc. Mais la construction de cet espace d’états est confrontée au problème d’explosion combinatoire du nombre d’états lié à la complexité et à la concurrence du système.L’une des alternatives pour contenir cette combinatoire est de conserver uniquement les ordres partiels entre les évènements. Le dépliage est une technique d’ordre partiel adaptée à la vérification, au diagnostic et à la planification. Cette thèse contribue à l’étude du dépliage des réseaux de Petri et, plus particulièrement,apporte une contribution au dépliage des réseaux de Petri avec des arcs de reset. De plus, le dépliage explicite les exécutions possibles du système qui sont, par définition, des processus. Il s’agit plus précisément des processus de branchement qui diffèrent des processus classiques. Ainsi, nous proposons une algèbre adaptée aux processus de branchement issus du dépliage des réseaux de Petri. / Petri nets and their extensions are a well-known formalism for modeling the specification of discrete events systems real-time. For these systems, the demands of verification and validation are essential to ensure their smooth functioning because the least error can lead to catastrophic consequences. To analyze the behavior of the system, it is common to construct the stategraph (or state space) which lists exhaustively the different accessible states. This graph allows to check the generic properties such as boundedness, accessibility, termination, vivacity, the absence of blocking, etc. But building this state space is confronted with the problem of combinatorial explosion of the number of states related to the complexity and concurrence of the system. One of the alternatives to contain this combination is to keep only partial orders between events. Unfolding is a partial order adapted to technical verification, diagnosis and planning. This thesis contributes to the study of the unfolding of Petri nets and, in particular, his contributes to the unfolding of Petri nets with reset arcs. Moreover, the unfolding explains the possible executions of the system which are, by definition, the processes. This is specifically the branching processes that differ from conventional processes. Thus, we propose an algebra adapted to the branching process from unfolding of Petri nets.

Les applications de transmission de messages distribués font partie du courant dominant des technologies de l'information car elles exploitent la puissance des systèmes informatiques parallèles pour produire des performances plus élevées. La conception de programmes distribués reste difficile car les développeurs doivent raisonner sur la concurrence, le non-déterminisme, la distribution de données… qui sont les principales caractéristiques des programmes distribués. En outre, il est pratiquement impossible de garantir l'exactitude de tels programmes via des approches de test classiques, car il est possible que l'on n'atteigne jamais avec succès l'exécution qui conduit à des comportements indésirables dans les programmes. Il existe donc un besoin de techniques de vérification plus puissantes. La vérification des modèles est l'une des méthodes formelles qui permet de vérifier automatiquement et efficacement certaines propriétés des modèles de systèmes informatiques en explorant tous les comportements possibles (états et transitions) du modèle de système. Cependant, les espaces d'état augmentent de façon exponentielle avec le nombre de processus simultanés, conduisant à une «explosion de l'espace d'état» .La réduction dynamique de l'ordre partiel basée sur le dépliage (UDPOR) est une technique récente mélangeant la réduction dynamique de l'ordre partiel (DPOR) avec des concepts de théorie de la concurrence tels que dépliages pour atténuer efficacement l'explosion de l'espace d'états lors de la vérification des modèles de programmes simultanés. Il est optimal dans le sens où chaque trace de Mazurkiewicz, c'est-à-dire une classe d'entrelacements équivalents en commutant des actions indépendantes adjacentes, est explorée exactement une fois. Et elle s'applique aux programmes en cours d'exécution, pas seulement aux modèles de programmes.La thèse vise à adapter UDPOR pour vérifier les programmes distribués asynchrones (par exemple les programmes MPI) dans le cadre du simulateur SIMGRID d'applications distribuées. Pour ce faire, un modèle de programmation abstrait de programmes distribués asynchrones est défini et formalisé en langage TLA +, permettant de définir avec précision une relation d'indépendance, ingrédient principal de la sémantique concurrentielle. Ensuite, l'adaptation de l'UDPOR, impliquant la construction d'un dépliage, est rendue efficace par une analyse précise des dépendances dans le modèle de programmation, permettant des calculs efficaces d'opérations habituellement coûteuses. Un prototype d'implémentation d'UDPOR adapté aux programmes asynchrones distribués a été développé, donnant des résultats expérimentaux prometteurs sur un ensemble significatif de références. / Distributed message passing applications are in the mainstream of information technology since they exploit the power of parallel computer systems to produce higher performance. Designing distributed programs remains challenging because developers have to reason about concurrency, non-determinism, data distribution… that are main characteristics of distributed programs. Besides, it is virtually impossible to ensure the correctness of such programs via classical testing approaches since one may never successfully reach the execution that leads to unwanted behaviors in the programs. There is thus a need for more powerful verification techniques. Model-checking is one of the formal methods that allows to verify automatically and effectively some properties on models of computer systems by exploring all possible behaviors (states and transitions) of the system model. However, state spaces increase exponentially with the number of concurrent processes, leading to “state space explosion”.Unfolding-based Dynamic Partial Order Reduction (UDPOR) is a recent technique mixing Dynamic Partial Order Reduction (DPOR) with concepts of concurrency theory such as unfoldings to efficiently mitigate state space explosion in model-checking of concurrent programs. It is optimal in the sense that each Mazurkiewicz trace, i.e. a class of interleavings equivalent by commuting adjacent independent actions, is explored exactly once. And it is applicable to running programs, not only models of programs.The thesis aims at adapting UDPOR to verify asynchronous distributed programs (e.g. MPI programs) in the setting of the SIMGRID simulator of distributed applications. To do so, an abstract programming model of asynchronous distributed programs is defined and formalized in the TLA+ language, allowing to precisely define an independence relation, a main ingredient of the concurrency semantics. Then, the adaptation of UDPOR, involving the construction of an unfolding, is made efficient by a precise analysis of dependencies in the programming model, allowing efficient computations of usually costly operation. A prototype implementation of UDPOR adapted to distributed asynchronous programs has been developed, giving promising experimental results on a significant set of benchmarks.