Mortality in Cisleithania in 1881-1911 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyze mortality in Cisleithania in general and its parts within 1881-1911. Trends in mortality and its level during this period were significantly influenced by the contemporary social situation and economic development which were parts of the process of modernization. Therefore when analyzing mortality rates the economic and social situation of each country was taken into account. The analysis showed significant regional mortality differences. Important factor affecting the mortality level in the above mentioned period was proportion of the population working in industry and agriculture sectors and related proportion of the population living in urban and rural areas. The mortality analysis in this thesis is based on the standardized crude death rate, the infant mortality rate and abridged life tables. The changes in mortality level were additionally analyzed by various decomposition methods providing more comprehensive information about mortality in Cisleithania. Keywords: mortality, Cisleithania, process of modernization, proportion of the population working in industry and agriculture sectors, proportion of the population living in urban and rural areas, decomposition