The uplink of code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular radio systems is often interference limited. The interference originates from many users whose transmission powers are not observable for the system. This thesis introduces uplink load and applies means of explicitly considering the users’ radio environment when approximating and controlling the load. A desirable property of all cellular radio systems is uplink feasibility, i.e., existence of finite user transmission powers to support the allocated services. Uplink load can be considered as a measure of how far from infeasibility the system is. The performed characterization of uplink load lead to two concrete definitions related to the amount of received and transmitted power, respectively. An important part of the total load is the intercell load which is caused by users connected to neighboring base stations. If not carefully handled, the intercell load can jeopardize uplink feasibility. Conversely, knowledge of a lower intercell load can be used to increase the resource assignments. A common denominator in all the work in this thesis is that the intercell load is explicitly considered. When approximating uplink load, a centralized approach is adopted to study information gathered in several base stations. This yields good approximations of the average load. However, centralized approximations can not detect momentarily peaks in the load. A number of resource allocation algorithms making control decisions in the local base stations are proposed based on experience from characterizing uplink load. As the algorithms study the intercell load, yet without measuring the interference power, they are robust in the sense that they will never assign resources yielding an infeasible system. A straightforward way of controlling the uplink load is to use measurements of the received interference power. This approach, just as the proposed load approximations, can gain from knowing the background noise power. The same framework used for designing robust resource allocation algorithms, is also used for estimating the background noise power.

The uplink load for the scheduling of Enhanced-Uplink (E-UL) channels determine the achievable data rate for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) systems, therefore its accurate measurement carries a prime significance. The uplink load also known as Rise-over-Thermal (RoT), which is the quotient of the Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP) and the Thermal Noise Power floor. It is a major parameter which is calculated at each Transmission Time Interval (TTI) for maintaining cell coverage and stability. The RoT algorithm for evaluation of uplink load is considered as a complex and resource demanding among several Radio Resource Management (RRM) algorithms running in a radio system. The main focus of this thesis is to study RoT algorithm presently deployed in radio units and its possible optimization by reducing complexity of the algorithm in terms of memory usage and processing power. The calculation of RoT comprises three main blocks a Kalman filter, a noise floor estimator and the RoT computation. After analyzing the complexity of each block it has been established that the noise floor estimator block is consuming most of the processing power producing peak processor load since it involves many complex floating point calculations. However, the other blocks do not affect the processing load significantly. It was also observed that some block updates can be reduced in order to decrease the average load on the processor. Three techniques are proposed for reducing the complexity of the RoT algorithm, two for the reduction of peak load and one for the reduction of average load. For reducing the peak load, an interpolation approach is used instead of performing transcendental mathematical calculations. Also, the calculations involving noise floor estimation are extended over several TTIs by keeping in view that the estimation is not time critical. For the reduction of average load, the update rate for the Kalman Filter block is reduced. Based on these optimization steps, a modified algorithm for RoT computation with reduced complexity is proposed. The proposed changes are tested by means of MATLAB simulations demonstrating the improved performance with consistency in the output results. Finally, an arithmetic operation count is done using the hardware manual of Power PC (PPC405) used in Platform 4, which gives a rough estimate of decrease in the percentage of calculations after optimization. / saabairshad@gmail.com

This thesis treats of QoS (Quality of Service) in UMTS system. The term quality of service is frequently used, recently, however not only in computer networks, but also more and more in mobile networks also. Present system of 2nd generation (2G) GSM enables only limited exploitation of QoS function. System UMTS is a system of 3rd generation (3G) already and contains quality of service in greater measure which is ensured with number of algorithms and functions. Individual QoS functions enable effective utilization of radio interface, support maintenance of planned coverage and offer high spectral efficiency. Functions that cater to quality of service are called RRM functions (Radio Resource Management). There exist five basic functions in UMTS system that are Admission control (AC), Power control (PC), Load control (LC), Handover control (HC) and Packet scheduler (PS). These functions are responsible for control of network access, control of power, control of network load, control of handover and packet (bit rate) scheduling. Last three functions are usually collectively designated as Congestion control, control of network overload. UMTS layer model, differentiation of services, traffic classes and 3GPP concept are also discussed. In thesis the attention is piad to Admission control algorithm – control of network access – in the uplink direction and to different ways of load (in the cell) modeling. Individual approaches are simulated in MATLAB. A possibility of using algorithm in the real system is discussed in conclusion.