The purpose of this research is to find out the Upward-Influence factors, which were used by domestic employees. In addition, by applying cluster analysis, this paper tried to identify the types of upward influence and the salary differentials between those types. As follows, one may see the research results: 1.This research finds five major upward influence strategies namely, Upward Tactics, Reason, Ingratiation, Image Management and Blocking. Among these five upward influence strategies, the one most frequently utilized by domestic employees is Reason (mean=2.9, SD=0.791). 2.By using a hierarchical cluster analysis of five upward influence strategies, we identified four types that characterized the way employees influence their superiors. ¡§Shotgun¡¨ employees used most upward influence and emphasized upward tactics and blocking; ¡§Gentle¡¨ employees used an average amount of upward influence and emphasized reason and ingratiation; ¡§Passive¡¨ employees used little upward influence with their superiors; and ¡§Bystander¡¨ employees, 41.3% of the sample, used moderate upward influence. 3.There are salary differentials between four upward influence types. ¡§Gentle¡¨ employees had significantly highest salaries than others. On the contrary, ¡§Passive¡¨ employees received lowerest salaries. There is no significantly salary differential between ¡§Shotgun¡¨ and ¡§Bystander¡¨ employees.

Influence behaviors have generally been affected by personality. In organizational research, Machiavellianism has commonly been defined as the need to develop and defend one¡¦s power and success. Thus, Machiavellianism more likely that personality may predict use of these influence tactics. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships of Machiavellianism and upward influence tactics, and examine the moderating effect of demographic variables. This study selected 2828 business employee to answer the questionnaire, and there are 2761 copies valid return. A factor analysis, there are five dimensions of upward influence tactics: upward device, rational persuasion, impression management, ingratiation and pressure. The result showed that (1) there are hypotheses supported for strongly positive relationship between Machiavellianism and upward influence tactics, (2) the moderating effect of demographic variables were partly supported in this study.

Data gathered by Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., contractor for the Department of Education were used to analyze successful project level characteristics of the Upward Bound program. Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. provided two data files for this study: a student data file and a grantees data file. The first data file includes information from a nationally representative sample of students who applied to the Upward Bound program between 1992 and 1994 and were assigned to either the Upward Bound group or a control group. The second data file included information from a random sample of Upward Bound project grantees. Both the student and grantees data files were used to create a design to determine Upward Bound project level characteristics that highly correlated to student success. The project level characteristics that were examined included project setting (location, size and host institution), academic characteristics (student-staff ratio, course offerings during the summer and academic year, and the number of years a project has been in operation) and student characteristics (gender, race/ethnicity and employment). The student success measures used in this study included grade point average, total high school credits earned, Advanced Placement credits earned, high school dropout status and graduation status. Findings from this study suggest that Upward Bound projects with lower student to staff ratios and fewer academic year course offerings have students earning more high school credits and more student graduating from high school. In addition to academic characteristics, ethnicity seem to be related to the success of projects. When compared across project settings, projects from two-year rural colleges and four-year public suburban colleges have the most successful students. / Ph. D.

¡@¡@The study began with a review of the upward influence literature for the past twenty years, then integrated the several important instruments of upward influence behaviors, and developed a new questionnaire. A pretest was conducted to find out the improper items and the questionnaire was revised. The formal questionnaire was administered to a sample of 2536 full time employees in different organizations in Taiwan. Based on factor analysis and different concepts, this study developed two upward influence instruments.(1) The upward influence tactics instrument¡GThere are five dimensions of upward influence tactics: rational, upward manipulation, image management, ingratiation, obstruct.(2) The upward influence strategies instrument¡GThere are three dimensions of upward influence strategies: strong, soft, and rational.

Thesis (M.S.) in Teaching--University of Maine, 2008. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-36).

This study investigates the relationship between upward influence tactics and job satisfaction from the Kaoshong city bus, According to the results of analyses conducted on data collected from 282 employees. The six individual difference variables examined were gender, age, marriage, tenure, position, and education. Results indicated the importance of upward influence tactics and individual differences on assessments of job satisfaction as follows: Dimensionality of Organizational Politics Behaviors The responses to the upward influence of organizational politics behaviors were subjected to principal components analysis with Varimax rotation. A three-factor solution was found to be most interpretable, with loadings of .50 and above used as an item retention criterion, resulting in a total of 21items being retained across the three tactical importances. It is comprised three subscales: (1)Rational Persuasion,(2)association,(3)Political tactics. Relationship between individual difference and Upward Influence of Organizational Politics Behaviors 1.Male¡¦s ¡§Association¡¨ behavior is stronger than female. 2.Clerk¡¦s ¡§Rational persuasion¡¨ behavior is stronger than driver and employee, and employee¡¦s ¡§rational persuasion¡¨ behavior is greater than driver. 3.Clerk¡¦s ¡§Political tactics¡¨ behavior is stringent than driver and employee. 4.Bachelor¡¦s level of education¡¦s ¡§Rational persuasion¡¨ behavior is stronger than the other¡¦s level of education. Relationship between Upward Influence Behavior and Job Satisfaction Except the association political behavior of upward influence There is no any relation to the job satisfaction. Control some personal characteristics variable, reported special relationships 1.Reported positively correlations between ¡§Political tactics¡¨ and ¡§Special job satisfy¡¨ with male. 2.Reported positively correlations between ¡§Association¡¨ and ¡§Internal job motive¡¨ with junior. 3.Reported positively correlations between ¡§Political tactics¡¨ and ¡§Special job satisfy¡¨ with junior.

This study investigates the relationship between upward influence tactics and job satisfaction from the employees in Taiwan , According to the results of analyses conducted on data collected from 2761 employees. The seven personal characteristics variables examined were gender, age, education, marriage, With subordinates the manager to work together as colleagues the period of service, in office the organization work period of service and position . Results indicated the importance of upward influence tactics and individual differences on assessments of job satisfaction as follows: First, the upward political line obtains five constructions surface by way of the host ingredient analysis, the naming is: (1) rationality convinces (2) exchange and upwardly demands (3) image to manage (4) fawns on (5) hindrance to exert pressure Second, the work satisfies the feeling to obtain six constructions surface by way of the host ingredient analysis, the naming is: (1) work achievement feeling (2) compensation satisfies (3) boss to satisfy (4) is promoted the opportunity (5) colleague to relate (6) work support Third, personal characteristics variable and relations upward political behavior: (1) male are more than in the upward political behavior activity the female. (2) work period of service 3~10 year or 30~40 year-old age level for political behavior operation degree most exuberant time. (3) high school record, mostly also is the upward political behavior highly by chance. (4) with subordinates the manager to work together as colleagues the period of service to be longer, the upward political behavior utilization regulation goes past high. (5) in management level, Regarding upward political behavior by chance degree, the high social class position manager and center the social class position manager obviously is higher than the basic unit social class managers. Fourth, personal characteristics variable and satisfies the relations with the work: (1)different personal characteristics variable all has in the work achievement feeling reveals the difference. (2)besides the education level, different personal characteristics variable and satisfies in the compensation on all has reveals the difference. (3)except outside the sex, the age, the education level, other four item of personal characteristics variable and satisfies in the boss on all has reveals the difference. (4)except outside the age, the education level, the marriage, other four item of personal characteristics variable in is promoted in the opportunity to have reveals the difference. (5)only has the sex, is in office the organization work period of service, work official rank three item of personal characteristics variable relates in the colleague on has reveals the difference. (6)except outside the sex, the education level, the marriage, other four item of personal characteristics variable all has in the work support reveals the difference. Fifth, controls personal characteristics variable, satisfies the relations in view of the upward political behavior and the work, after correlation analysis result: (1)regarding the work achievement feeling influence, "the rationality convinces" and "fawns on" presents is being connected, but "the exchange and the upward demand" presents causes the negative effect. (2)regarding salary satisfied influence, "exchange and upward demand" the upward political behavior effect is best, but uses "the hindrance exerts pressure" the way, then possibly instead causes the negative effect. (3)regarding the boss satisfied influence, the utilization "fawns on" the effect is best, adopts "the hindrance exerts pressure" the way to be able to appear the negative effect. (4)regarding is promoted the opportunity influence, adopts "the exchange and the upward demand" is easiest to achieve the expectation goal. (5)influence which relates regarding the colleague, "the rationality convinces" and "fawns on" has the frontage to strengthen the influence, but "the exchange and the upward demand" and "the hindrance exerts pressure" has the negative destruction influence. (6)regarding the work support influence, adopts "the exchange and the upward demand" the upward political behavior effect is best, but "the hindrance exerts pressure" can have the negative effect.

Because new generation is going to be main power in the human resource market, the research object of this study is the employee who is 25- to 40- year- old. There are three purposes. First, what relationship is between the new generation employee¡¦s upward political behavior and job performance? Second, what relationship is between the styles of the new generation employee¡¦s upward political behavior and job performance? Third, what relationship of the different styles is between the new generation employee¡¦s upward political behavior and job performance? The main research results are: 1.The factors of upward political behavior include exchange and upward appeal, rational persuasion, image management, ingratiation, and blocking. The factors of job performance include task performance and contextual performance. ¡§Exchange and upward appeal¡¨ and ¡§blocking¡¨ have significantly negative effect on the factors of job performance. ¡§Rational persuasion¡¨, ¡§image management¡¨ and ¡§ingratiation¡¨ have significantly positive effect on the factors of job performance. Moreover, ¡§ingratiation¡¨ has no significant effect on task performance. 2.The styles of upward political behavior include tactician, full-dimension person, shotgun, understanding person, and self-tactician. All styles have the significant difference in the factors of job performance. 3.All styles of new generation employees¡¦ upward political behavior have the different relationship between the factors of upward political behavior and the factors of job performance. (1) Tactician: ¡§Exchange and upward appeal¡¨ has significantly negative effect on the factors of job performance. ¡§Rational persuasion¡¨ has significantly positive effect on contextual performance. ¡§Image management¡¨ has significantly positive effect on the factors of job performance. (2) Full-dimension person: ¡§Exchange and upward appeal¡¨ and ¡§blocking¡¨ have significantly negative effect on the factors of job performance. ¡§Rational persuasion¡¨ and ¡§ingratiation¡¨ have significantly positive effect on the factors of job performance. (3) Shotgun: ¡§Exchange and upward appeal¡¨ has significantly negative effect on the factors of job performance. ¡§Image management¡¨ has significantly positive effect on the factors of job performance. ¡§Ingratiation¡¨ has significantly positive effect on contextual performance. (4) Understanding person: ¡§Exchange and upward appeal¡¨ has significantly negative effect on contextual performance. ¡§Image management¡¨ has significantly positive effect on the factors of job performance. ¡§Blocking¡¨ has significantly negative effect on contextual performance. (5) Self-tactician: ¡§Exchange and upward appeal¡¨ has significantly negative effect on contextual performance. ¡§Rational persuasion¡¨ has significantly positive effect on the factors of job performance. ¡§Blocking¡¨ has significantly negative effect on the factors of job performance. To sum up, according to the findings of this study, discuss and provide the suggestions to the all and five- style employees and the further research.

The objective of this research is to explore the perceptions of UCF Upward Bound Program participants using focus groups and pre-posttest surveys in order to assess students' level of understanding of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) related coursework, secondary education preparation in science and mathematics, and their perceptions of barriers to a STEM college education. Also, this study centers on the summer 2010 science and mathematics residential portion of the Upward Bound Program. Program outcomes and effectiveness were evaluated based on the change in student insight of the Upward Bound Program's stake in their secondary education. In addition, pre-posttest measures and interviews allowed a greater understanding of teacher and parent involvement in high school coursework success. Factors that involve self-efficacy, same or other group orientation and perceptions of student college environment were also analyzed. This research facilitated the understanding of first generation, low income and multicultural student's perceptions and what they view as a benefit or a hindrance to entering and successfully completing degrees in post-secondary institutions, specifically in STEM-related disciplines.

The work presented in this thesis aims at investigating the attachment of lightning flashes to wind turbines. Modern wind turbines are highly exposed to lightning strikes, due to the increase of their height and the rotation of the blades. Upward lightning is the dominant mechanism of lightning strikes to them. Therefore, this study evaluates the initiation of the initial upward leader discharge and the process of lightning attachment of dart leaders taking place prior to the first return stroke in upward flashes. This work extends the self-consistent leader inception and propagation model (SLIM) to evaluate the lightning attachment of dart and dart-stepped leaders to grounded objects. SLIM was originally proposed to evaluate the lightning attachment of stepped leaders. Unlike the well-studied lightning attachment of stepped leaders, upward connecting leaders initiated in response to dart and dart-stepped leaders develop under a significantly faster change of the ambient electric field. Additionally, these connecting leaders could develop in warm air pre-conditioned by the previous strokes in the same flash. An analytical expression to evaluate the charge required to thermalize the connecting leader per unit length is also developed in the extended model. This model is validated through the analysis of three attachment events recorded in rocket-triggered lightning experiments. Good agreement between the predicted properties of the upward leaders and the measurements has been found. The model is utilized to evaluate the different conditions where connecting leaders can develop prior to the return strokes in upward lightning. The extended model of SLIM is also applied to study the interception of lightning dart leaders by upward connecting leaders initiated from wind turbines. The evaluation considers the influence of the return stroke peak current, the blade rotation and wind on the attachment of lightning dart leaders to wind turbines. The probability of lightning strikes to the receptors along the blade and on the nacelle is calculated for upward lightning flashes. It is shown that the lightning attachment of dart leaders is a mechanism that can explain the lightning damages to the inboard region of the blades (more than 10 meters from the tip) and the nacelle of wind turbines. Furthermore, the critical stabilization electric field required to initiate upward lightning from wind turbines is evaluated for both ‘self-initiated’ and ‘other-triggered’ upward flashes. The calculation shows that the stabilization electric field of an operating wind turbine periodically changes due to the rotation of its blades.  The initiation of upward lightning is greatly facilitated by the electric field change produced by nearby lightning events. However, the rate of rise of the electric field only has a weak impact on the stabilization electric field. The evaluation of the stabilization electric field provides essential information needed for the estimation of the incidence of upward lightning to wind turbines. / <p>QC 20161201</p>