Orientador: Maria Helena Toledo Costa de Barros / Banca: Regina Celia Baptista Belluzzo / Banca: Bárbara Fadel / Resumo: Melhorar a qualidade dos serviços nas bibliotecas universitárias tem sido uma preocupação constante dos profissionais bibliotecários que trabalham e administram esses serviços; ou, simplesmente, dos que se utilizam deles. As mudanças provocadas principalmente pelo uso de computadores possibilitam avanços significativos no que se refere ao acesso aos catálogos informatizados da Biblioteca, às bases de dados on-line (bibliográficas e textuais), considerando-se a velocidade da informação e a abrangência da busca, que podem contribuir indiretamente para o desenvolvimento pessoal bem como da sociedade como um todo. É preciso disseminar e usufruir a informação com qualidade; para isso, é necessário dominar todos os recursos, produtos e serviços disponibilizados pela Biblioteca do Campus da UNESP, em Marília - SP, foco desta pesquisa com o objetivo de particularizar-se o perfil do usuário, prepará-lo para buscar e encontrar as informações que necessita e que a Biblioteca filtra, direcionando-as para o seu público. Assim, a aplicação da técnica de entrevista permitiu colher dados e informações cujo resultado mostrou as necessidades dos profissionais de ter domínio e habilidades específicas, a fim de exercer com competência a disseminação da informação, bem como para educar/preparar o usuário no manuseio de técnicas de busca, por meio de redes de computadores e demais tecnologias eletrônicas, num processo contínuo que envolve a interação entre o usuário e o profissional da informação, na disseminação da informação. / Abstract: To ameliorate the quality of the services in the academicals libraries have been a constant preoccupation of the libraries professionals that work and conduct these services, or just, of the one that use them. The changes provoked mainly by computer's use make possible significant progress in what refers in the access to the library's computerized catalogs, to the data's bases on-line (bibliographical and textual) considering the information's speed and the inclusion of the search, that can contribute indirectly for the personal development as well as the society like a whole. It's necessary to disseminate and to usufruct the information with quality; for this, it's necessary to dominate all of the resources products and services available for the UNESP's Library in Marília-SP, focus of this research with the objective of been particularized the user's profile, prepare him to seek and find the information's that he needs and that the Library filters addressing them for your public. Thus, the option for the interview's technique applied to get information's whose the result show the professional's necessity to have the domain and specific abilities to exercise with competence the dissemination of the information, as well as for education (prepare the user in the handling of search techniques, through nets of computers and too much electronic technologies, in a continuo process that evolves the interaction between the user and the information's professional, in the dissemination of the information. / Mestre

The complexity of data stored in large databases has increased at very fast paces. Hence, operations more elaborated than traditional queries are essential in order to extract all required information from the database. Therefore, the interest of the database community in similarity search has increased significantly. Two of the well-known types of similarity search are the Range (\'R IND. q\') and the k-Nearest Neighbor (\'kNN IND. q\') queries, which, as any of the traditional ones, can be sped up by indexing structures of the Database Management System (DBMS). Another way of speeding up queries is to perform query optimization. In this process, metrics about data are collected and employed to adjust the parameters of the search algorithms in each query execution. However, although the integration of similarity search into DBMS has begun to be deeply studied more recently, the query optimization has been developed and employed just to answer traditional queries. The execution of similarity queries, even using efficient indexing structures, tends to present higher computational cost than the execution of traditional ones. Two strategies can be applied to speed up the execution of any query, and thus they are worth to employ to answer also similarity queries. The first strategy is query rewriting based on algebraic properties and cost functions. The second technique is when external query factors are applied, such as employing the semantic expected by the user, to prune the answer space. This thesis aims at contributing to the development of novel techniques to improve the similarity-based query optimization processing, exploiting both algebraic properties and semantic restrictions as query refinements / A complexidade dos dados armazenados em grandes bases de dados tem aumentado sempre, criando a necessidade de novas operações de consulta. Uma classe de operações de crescente interesse são as consultas por similaridade, das quais as mais conhecidas são as consultas por abrangência (\'R IND. q\') e por k-vizinhos mais próximos (\'kNN IND. q\'). Qualquer consulta e agilizada pelas estruturas de indexação dos Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Bases de Dados (SGBDs). Outro modo de agilizar as operações de busca e a manutenção de métricas sobre os dados, que são utilizadas para ajustar parâmetros dos algoritmos de busca em cada consulta, num processo conhecido como otimização de consultas. Como as buscas por similaridade começaram a ser estudadas seriamente para integração em SGBDs muito mais recentemente do que as buscas tradicionais, a otimização de consultas, por enquanto, e um recurso que tem sido utilizado para responder apenas a consultas tradicionais. Mesmo utilizando as melhores estruturas existentes, a execução de consultas por similaridade tende a ser mais custosa do que as operações tradicionais. Assim, duas estratégias podem ser utilizadas para agilizar a execução de qualquer consulta e, assim, podem ser empregadas também para responder às consultas por similaridade. A primeira estratégia e a reescrita de consultas baseada em propriedades algébricas e em funções de custo. A segunda técnica faz uso de fatores externos à consulta, tais como a semântica esperada pelo usuário, para restringir o espaço das respostas. Esta tese pretende contribuir para o desenvolvimento de técnicas que melhorem o processo de otimização de consultas por similaridade, explorando propriedades algebricas e restrições semânticas como refinamento de consultas

COSTA, Maria de Fátima Oliveira; ALMEIDA JÚNIOR, Oswaldo Francisco de. Concepções dos estudos de usuários na visão dos professores dos cursos de biblioteconomia brasileiros. 2014. 237f. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação, Marília, 2014. / Submitted by Lidya Silva (nagylla.lidya@gmail.com) on 2016-07-21T18:07:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_mfocosta.pdf: 970445 bytes, checksum: 24e0b02edbfba64d99a510140148eec1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-09T17:24:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_mfocosta.pdf: 970445 bytes, checksum: 24e0b02edbfba64d99a510140148eec1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T17:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_mfocosta.pdf: 970445 bytes, checksum: 24e0b02edbfba64d99a510140148eec1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / The concepts of user studies, their discussion and dissemination through teaching is the subject matter approached in this thesis to make clear how they are identified and analyzed by the professors who teach this discipline in Librarianship courses in Brazilian universities. Through them, to know how they are being worked on in the classroom, their dialogues with other areas and with the theoreticians who permeate the scientific production in the context of librarianship teaching. It aims to identify and analyze these concepts and how they are perceived, exposed, assimilated and reproduced in the teaching practice. It shows a national panorama represented by those courses that participated in the survey with the intention of rethinking and examining how the issue has been developed within Information Science. Some researchers have strengthened underlying theoretical support of studies in the field of Information Science, the approaches described, preferably by Brenda Dervin, Ellis, Wilson, Khulthau, Choo, Araújo, Figueiredo and Ferreira; in the reading of book chapters , journal articles and dissertations as well as doctoral theses on the subject, which stood in the state of art in the object of study . We define as a methodological approach the content analysis according to Bardin, conducting a qualitative descriptive research. It was required to the teachers in question, initially, plans to teach the subject with its various components and secondly, the questionnaire. The latter was divided into two parts, being one of them with the characterization of the teacher and the other one with nine open questions on teaching issues. It was assigned a pretest of the questionnaire when it was found to be necessary to modify some questions, immediately redone. The lesson plans were examined, together with the responses of the questionnaires and from the concepts expressed by the professors, as the constituent items of the instruments. The sample consisted of the 14 (fourteen) faculty members of Librarianship courses, who returned completed questionnaires, being aware of the teaching plans on the subject. We emphasize the understanding of professors on user's studies and how such studies have been seen and treated in the teaching practice, as a significant point of research. The professors dominate the history of user's studies and were greatly influenced by Figueiredo, Dervin and Choo; nevertheless, they usually follow the traditional approach, with procedures that focus on the system, as information seeking, without emphasizing the significance of the information in the user's life. Given this finding, we conclude that the hypothesis hereby formulated was sufficiently proven, once the continuing education emphasizing more on the search process than on the use of information in the user's life. Thus, the teaching practice focuses more on traditional approaches and less in the contemporary ones in which the meaning of information should be emphasized in teaching practices. However, some professors favor certain visibility of domestic and foreign scientific communities with respect to items within the current view. / Os conceitos de Estudos de Usuários, sua discussão e difusão por meio do ensino, é a temática desta tese para tornar evidente como eles são identificados e analisados pelos docentes que lecionam a disciplina de estudos de usuários nos cursos de Biblioteconomia das universidades brasileiras. Por meio deles, saber como estão sendo trabalhados, em sala de aula, os seus diálogos com outras áreas e com os teóricos que permeiam a produção científica, no contexto do ensino de Biblioteconomia. Tem o objetivo de identificar e analisar esses conceitos e, como eles são percebidos, expostos, assimilados e reproduzidos na prática docente. Mostra um panorama nacional representado por aqueles cursos que participaram da pesquisa com o intuito de repensar e averiguar como a temática se desenvolve no âmbito da Ciência da Informação. Alguns pesquisadores fortaleceram o suporte teórico fundamentador dos estudos na área da Ciência da Informação, pelas abordagens descritas, preferencialmente, por Brenda Dervin, Ellis, Wilson, Khulthau, Choo, Araújo, Figueiredo e Ferreira; na leitura de capítulos de livros, de artigos de periódicos, além de dissertações de mestrado e de teses de doutorado sobre o tema, e que nos situaram o estado da arte acerca do objeto de estudo. Definimos como percurso metodológico a análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin, realizando pesquisa descritiva qualitativa. Foi solicitado aos docentes, em apreço, inicialmente os planos de ensino da disciplina com seus diversos componentes e, no segundo momento, o questionário. Este dividido em duas partes, sendo uma com a caracterização do docente e, a outra, com nove questões abertas sobre o ensino. Foi aplicado o pré-teste do questionário, quando se constatou a necessidade de modificação de algumas indagações, refeitas de imediato. Os planos de ensino foram examinados, conjuntamente, com as respostas dos questionários e, a partir dos conceitos emitidos pelos docentes, quanto aos itens constituintes dos instrumentos. A amostra compreendeu os 14 (quatorze) docentes dos cursos de Biblioteconomia, que devolveram os questionários respondidos, a par dos planos de ensino da disciplina. Ressaltamos a compreensão dos docentes sobre estudos de usuários, e como estes estudos vem sendo vistos e tratados na prática docente, como ponto significativo da pesquisa. Os docentes dominam o histórico dos estudos de usuários e foram influenciados sobremaneira por Figueiredo, Dervin e Choo; seguem, porém, geralmente a abordagem tradicional, com procedimentos focados no sistema, quanto a busca da informação, sem realçar o significado da informação na vida do usuário. Diante desta constatação, concluímos que a hipótese formulada foi suficientemente comprovada, em virtude de o ensino continuar enfatizando mais o processo de busca do que o uso da informação na vida do usuário. Assim, o ensino focaliza mais as abordagens tradicionais e menos as contemporâneas, nas quais o significado da informação deverá ser destacado nas práticas docentes. No entanto, alguns professores privilegiam certa visibilidade da comunidade científica nacional e estrangeira no que tange a artigos dentro da visão atual. / Los conceptos de estudios de usuarios, su discusión y difusión por medio de la enseñanza, es la temática tratada en esta tesis para hacer evidente cómo ellos son identificados y analizados por los docentes que enseñan en la asignatura de estudio de usuarios en los cursos de biblioteconomía de las universidades brasileñas. Por medio de ello, saber cómo son trabajados, en el aula, sus diálogos con otras áreas y con los teóricos que se adentran en la producción científica, en el contexto de la enseñanza de biblioteconomía. Su objetivo es identificar y analizar esos conceptos y saber cómo ellos son percibidos, expuestos, asimilados y reproducidos en la práctica docente. Muestra un panorama nacional representado por aquellos cursos que forman parte de la investigación cuya meta es repensar y comprobar cómo la temática se desarrolla en el ámbito de la Ciencia de la Información. Algunos investigadores reforzaron el soporte teórico que fundamenta los estudios en el área de la Ciencia de la Información, por el enfoque descrito, preferencialmente, por Brenda Dervin, Ellis, Wilson, Khulthau, Choo, Araújo, Figueiredo y Ferreira; en la lectura de capítulos de libros, de artículos de periódicos, además de disertaciones de maestría y de tesis doctorales sobre el tema, que nos ubicaron el estado del arte acerca del objeto de estudio. Definimos como recorrido metodológico el análisis de contenido, según Bardin, realizando investigación descriptiva cualitativa. Se solicitó a los docentes, en aprecio, inicialmente los planes de enseñanza de la asignatura con sus diversos componentes y, en un segundo momento, el cuestionario. Este dividido en dos partes, una con la caracterización del docente y, la otra, con nueve cuestiones abiertas sobre la enseñanza. Se empleó un teste previo del cuestionario, cuando se constató la necesidad de modificación de algunas indagaciones, inmediatamente realizadas otra vez. Los planes de enseñanza fueron examinados junto a las respuestas de los cuestionarios y, a partir de los conceptos emitidos por los docentes, respecto a los ítems que constituyen los instrumentos. La muestra abarcó los 14 (catorce) docentes de los cursos de biblioteconomía que devolvieron los cuestionarios respondidos, enterados de los planes de enseñanza de la disciplina. Resaltamos la comprensión de los docentes sobre estudios de usuarios y como estos estudios han sido vistos y tratados en la práctica docente como punto significativo de la investigación. Los docentes dominan el histórico de los estudios de usuarios y fueron influenciados sobre todo por Figueiredo, Dervin y Choo; sin embargo, siguen, generalmente, el abordaje tradicional, con procedimientos enfocados en el sistema, relacionados a la búsqueda de la información, sin poner énfasis en el significado de la información en la vida del usuario. Delante de esta constatación, se concluye que la hipótesis formulada fue suficientemente comprobada, en virtud de la enseñanza seguir poniendo énfasis más en el proceso de búsqueda que en el uso de la información en la vida del usuario. Eso es, la enseñanza pone foco más en el abordaje tradicional y menos en el contemporáneo en el cual el significado de la información deberá destacarse en las prácticas docentes. Sin embargo, algunos profesores privilegian alguna visibilidad de la comunidad científica nacional y extranjera en lo que se refiere a artículos dentro de la visión actual.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-08-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:55:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_sl_me_mar.pdf: 401137 bytes, checksum: 14e9fc40122b60697590e1581430c5ce (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Melhorar a qualidade dos serviços nas bibliotecas universitárias tem sido uma preocupação constante dos profissionais bibliotecários que trabalham e administram esses serviços; ou, simplesmente, dos que se utilizam deles. As mudanças provocadas principalmente pelo uso de computadores possibilitam avanços significativos no que se refere ao acesso aos catálogos informatizados da Biblioteca, às bases de dados on-line (bibliográficas e textuais), considerando-se a velocidade da informação e a abrangência da busca, que podem contribuir indiretamente para o desenvolvimento pessoal bem como da sociedade como um todo. É preciso disseminar e usufruir a informação com qualidade; para isso, é necessário dominar todos os recursos, produtos e serviços disponibilizados pela Biblioteca do Campus da UNESP, em Marília - SP, foco desta pesquisa com o objetivo de particularizar-se o perfil do usuário, prepará-lo para buscar e encontrar as informações que necessita e que a Biblioteca filtra, direcionando-as para o seu público. Assim, a aplicação da técnica de entrevista permitiu colher dados e informações cujo resultado mostrou as necessidades dos profissionais de ter domínio e habilidades específicas, a fim de exercer com competência a disseminação da informação, bem como para educar/preparar o usuário no manuseio de técnicas de busca, por meio de redes de computadores e demais tecnologias eletrônicas, num processo contínuo que envolve a interação entre o usuário e o profissional da informação, na disseminação da informação. / To ameliorate the quality of the services in the academicals libraries have been a constant preoccupation of the libraries professionals that work and conduct these services, or just, of the one that use them. The changes provoked mainly by computer's use make possible significant progress in what refers in the access to the library's computerized catalogs, to the data's bases on-line (bibliographical and textual) considering the information's speed and the inclusion of the search, that can contribute indirectly for the personal development as well as the society like a whole. It's necessary to disseminate and to usufruct the information with quality; for this, it's necessary to dominate all of the resources products and services available for the UNESP's Library in Marília-SP, focus of this research with the objective of been particularized the user's profile, prepare him to seek and find the information's that he needs and that the Library filters addressing them for your public. Thus, the option for the interview's technique applied to get information's whose the result show the professional's necessity to have the domain and specific abilities to exercise with competence the dissemination of the information, as well as for education (prepare the user in the handling of search techniques, through nets of computers and too much electronic technologies, in a continuo process that evolves the interaction between the user and the information's professional, in the dissemination of the information.

La complexité des données contenues dans les grandes bases de données a augmenté considérablement. Par conséquent, des opérations plus élaborées que les requêtes traditionnelles sont indispensable pour extraire toutes les informations requises de la base de données. L'intérêt de la communauté de base de données a particulièrement augmenté dans les recherches basées sur la similarité. Deux sortes de recherche de similarité bien connues sont la requête par intervalle (Rq) et par k-plus proches voisins (kNNq). Ces deux techniques, comme les requêtes traditionnelles, peuvent être accélérées par des structures d'indexation des Systèmes de Gestion de Base de Données (SGBDs).Une autre façon d'accélérer les requêtes est d'exécuter le procédé d'optimisation des requêtes. Dans ce procédé les données métriques sont recueillies et utilisées afin d'ajuster les paramètres des algorithmes de recherche lors de chaque exécution de la requête. Cependant, bien que l'intégration de la recherche de similarités dans le SGBD ait commencé à être étudiée en profondeur récemment, le procédé d'optimisation des requêtes a été développé et utilisé pour répondre à des requêtes traditionnelles. L'exécution des requêtes de similarité a tendance à présenter un coût informatique plus important que l'exécution des requêtes traditionnelles et ce même en utilisant des structures d'indexation efficaces. Deux stratégies peuvent être appliquées pour accélérer l'execution de quelques requêtes, et peuvent également être employées pour répondre aux requêtes de similarité. La première stratégie est la réécriture de requêtes basées sur les propriétés algébriques et les fonctions de coût. La deuxième stratégie est l'utilisation des facteurs externes de la requête, tels que la sémantique attendue par les usagers, pour réduire le nombre des résultats potentiels. Cette thèse vise à contribuer au développement des techniques afin d'améliorer le procédé d'optimisation des requêtes de similarité, tout en exploitant les propriétés algébriques et les restrictions sémantiques pour affiner les requêtes. / The complexity of data stored in large databases has increased at very fast paces. Hence, operations more elaborated than traditional queries are essential in order to extract all required information from the database. Therefore, the interest of the database community in similarity search has increased significantly. Two of the well-known types of similarity search are the Range (Rq) and the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNNq) queries, which, as any of the traditional ones, can be sped up by indexing structures of the Database Management System (DBMS). Another way of speeding up queries is to perform query optimization. In this process, metrics about data are collected and employed to adjust the parameters of the search algorithms in each query execution. However, although the integration of similarity search into DBMS has begun to be deeply studied more recently, the query optimization has been developed and employed just to answer traditional queries.The execution of similarity queries, even using efficient indexing structures, tends to present higher computational cost than the execution of traditional ones. Two strategies can be applied to speed up the execution of any query, and thus they are worth to employ to answer also similarity queries. The first strategy is query rewriting based on algebraic properties and cost functions. The second technique is when external query factors are applied, such as employing the semantic expected by the user, to prune the answer space. This thesis aims at contributing to the development of novel techniques to improve the similarity-based query optimization processing, exploiting both algebraic properties and semantic restrictions as query refinements. / A complexidade dos dados armazenados em grandes bases de dados tem aumentadosempre, criando a necessidade de novas operaoes de consulta. Uma classe de operações de crescente interesse são as consultas por similaridade, das quais as mais conhecidas sãoas consultas por abrangência (Rq) e por k-vizinhos mais próximos (kNNq). Qualquerconsulta é agilizada pelas estruturas de indexaçãodos Sistemas de Gerenciamento deBases de Dados (SGBDs). Outro modo de agilizar as operações de busca é a manutençãode métricas sobre os dados, que são utilizadas para ajustar parâmetros dos algoritmos debusca em cada consulta, num processo conhecido como otimização de consultas. Comoas buscas por similaridade começaram a ser estudadas seriamente para integração emSGBDs muito mais recentemente do que as buscas tradicionais, a otimização de consultas,por enquanto, é um recurso que tem sido utilizado para responder apenas a consultastradicionais.Mesmo utilizando as melhores estruturas existentes, a execução de consultas por similaridadetende a ser mais custosa do que as operações tradicionais. Assim, duas estratégiaspodem ser utilizadas para agilizar a execução de qualquer consulta e, assim, podem serempregadas também para responder às consultas por similaridade. A primeira estratégiaé a reescrita de consultas baseada em propriedades algébricas e em funções de custo. Asegunda técnica faz uso de fatores externos à consulta, tais como a semântica esperadapelo usuário, para restringir o espaço das respostas. Esta tese pretende contribuir parao desenvolvimento de técnicas que melhorem o processo de otimização de consultas porsimilaridade, explorando propriedades algébricas e restrições semânticas como refinamentode consultas

The purpose of this thesis is to functionally expand the browser extension prototype created by Ing. Zbyněk Červinka, focused on the privacy protection of the user during his web browsing. Acquired facts about the function of existing tools for safety and privacy protection, such as technology JavaScript Zero, were used in the solution, which was created by employing a technique of encapsulating JavaScript objects and functions. This allows greater anonymity and safety for users during web browsing. The extension was tested and published under the title JavaScript Restrictor. The main benefit of this thesis is the increase of safety from attacks and increase of anonymity linked to the user data harvesting.

This dissertation proposes two novel manifold graph-based ranking systems for Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). The two proposed systems exploit the synergism between relevance feedback-based transductive short-term learning and semantic feature-based long-term learning to improve retrieval performance. Proposed systems first apply the active learning mechanism to construct users' relevance feedback log and extract high-level semantic features for each image. These systems then create manifold graphs by incorporating both the low-level visual similarity and the high-level semantic similarity to achieve more meaningful structures for the image space. Finally, asymmetric relevance vectors are created to propagate relevance scores of labeled images to unlabeled images via manifold graphs. The extensive experimental results demonstrate two proposed systems outperform the other state-of-the-art CBIR systems in the context of both correct and erroneous users' feedback.

Detta examensarbete undersöker användningen av mobiltelefoner som verktyg under användares beslutsprocess i en omnichannel-kundresa med fysisk och virtuell interaktion. Syftet är att identifiera både möjligheter och problem som kan uppstå vid användning av mobilen i en sådan interaktion, med fokus på fenomenet Webrooming. Studien belyser vikten av interaktionsdesign och tjänstedesign för att skapa en sömlös och positiv kundupplevelse i omnichannel-detaljhandeln. Examensarbetet undersöker tidigare forskning inom området, analyserar befintliga exempel på omnichannel-strategier samt undersöker användares beslutsprocess med mobilen som verktyg. Studien tar insikter från Cultural Probes som metod där användare dokumenterar en Webrooming-resa med olika medel där mobilen är i fokus. Intervjuer genomförs för att komplettera eventuella kunskapsluckor och öka förståelsen för deltagarnas inlämnade kit. Vidare analyseras insamlade data via Affinitetsdiagram samt Customer Journey Maps. Genom att tillhandahålla en djupgående analys av den nuvarande situationen inom användarens beslutsprocess, kan detta examensarbete bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur användaren använder mobilen som verktyg under den fysiska och virtuella interaktionen med ett företags olika tjänster under en webrooming-resa. Studiens resultat visar att mobilen används genomgående under hela kundresan för beslutsfattande, informationssökande, jämförelser och rekommendationer. Den slutsats som dras från studien är att mobilen används för beslutsfattande på ett flertal punkter och är ett viktigt verktyg under användarens beslutsprocess. Trots vissa utmaningar med mobiltelefonen som verktyg, såsom små skärmar och problem med mobilwebbsidor, upplevs mobiltelefonen som ett lättillgängligt och smidigt verktyg. / This thesis examines the use of mobile phones as tools during users' decision-making process in an omnichannel customer journey with physical and virtual interactions. The purpose is to identify both opportunities and issues that may arise when using the mobile phone in such interactions, with a focus on the phenomenon of webrooming. The study highlights the importance of interaction design and service design in creating a seamless and positive customer experience in omnichannel retail. To achieve this, the thesis examines previous research in the field, analyzes existing examples of omnichannel strategies, and investigates users' decision-making process using the mobile phone as a tool. The study employs insights from Cultural Probes as a method, where users document a webrooming journey using various means with the mobile phone at the center. Interviews are conducted to fill any knowledge gap and increase understanding of participants' submitted kits. Furthermore, collected data is analyzed through Affinity Diagrams and Customer Journey Maps. By providing an in-depth analysis of the current situation within the user's decision-making process, this thesis can contribute to a better understanding of how users use the mobile phone as a tool during the physical and virtual interaction with a company's various services during a webrooming journey. The findings of the study show that the mobile phone is consistently used throughout the entire customer journey for decision-making, information-seeking, comparisons, and recommendations. The conclusion drawn from the study is that the mobile phone is used for decision-making at multiple points and is an important tool during a user's decision-making process. Despite certain challenges with the mobile phone as a tool, such as small screens and issues with mobile web pages, the mobile phone is perceived as an accessible and convenient tool.

圖例選單自80年代麥金塔電腦中開始使用後，由於Windows作業系統的普及，愈來愈多的應用軟體採用圖例選單或圖例加文字選單。本研究試圖加入一些可能會影響使用效果的使用者特質變數：如年齡、性別、電腦使用者經驗、使用者對工作熟悉度等，及工作性質變數：如工作複雜度高低，來探討三種不同之人機介面呈現方式：文字選單、圖例選單、文字加圖例選單的客觀使用績效及主觀滿意度。 　　本研究以自行發展之三種不同的選單軟體為實驗工具，選用二種不同之工作性質：文書處理（複雜度較高）及圖書查詢（複雜度較低），分別以政大及政大實小的242位學生為受試者進行實驗。全部測驗時間約一個小時至一個半小時，每班同學隨機分為三組，分別使用某一種選單的實驗工具，測驗只分五部份：事前說明、利用選單完成指定工作、記憶性測驗、滿意度測量、及使用者特質問卷。除事前說明外，其他部份均採線上作業，所有結果均自動記錄在電腦檔案中。 　　本研究結論可分三方面：(1)使用不同的選單在使用績效（完成工作所需時間、正確性、重複處理次數）、記憶性及主觀滿意度 （系統學習性、系統使用性、文字或圖例安排恰當、文字或圖例幫助記憶、及有趣性上）呈顯著差異，顯示三種不同之選單確實對客觀使用績效及主觀滿意度有影響。(2)使用者特質如性別、過去使用電腦的經驗、學歷、對測驗工作的熟悉程度會影響使用績效，但使用者特質並不會間接影響三種選單的使用績效。(3)工作性質的複雜度，影響選單的複雜度，而由於螢幕畫面大小固定，選單的複雜度會影響選單中每一選項所能佔用之位置大小，選項佔用位置的大小對圖例加文字選單之使用績效及滿意度影響最大，對圖例選單次之，文字選單又次之。所以不同的工作性質，三種選單之使用績效及滿意度表現呈不同方式。但是在記憶性測量及主觀有趣性判斷上，圖例選單或圖例加文字選單的表現卻不受工作性質影響，始終優於文字選單。

The amount of information on the World Wide Web (WWW) is rapidly growing in pace and topic diversity. This has made it increasingly difficult, and often frustrating, for information seekers to retrieve the content they are looking for as information retrieval systems (e.g., search engines) are unable to decipher the relevance of the retrieved information as it pertains to the information they are searching for. This issue can be decomposed into two aspects: 1) variability of information relevance as it pertains to an information seeker. In other words, different information seekers may enter the same search text, or keywords, but expect completely different results. It is therefore, imperative that information retrieval systems possess an ability to incorporate a model of the information seeker in order to estimate the relevance and context of use of information before presenting results. Of course, in this context, by a model we mean the capture of trends in the information seeker's search behaviour. This is what many researchers refer to as the personalized search. 2) Information diversity. Information available on the World Wide Web today spans multitudes of inherently overlapping topics, and it is difficult for any information retrieval system to decide effectively on the relevance of the information retrieved in response to an information seeker's query. For example, the information seeker who wishes to use WWW to learn about a cure for a certain illness would receive a more relevant answer if the search engine was optimized into such domains of topics. This is what is being referred to in the WWW nomenclature as a 'specialized search'. This thesis maintains that the information seeker's search is not intended to be completely random and therefore tends to portray itself as consistent patterns of behaviour. Nonetheless, this behaviour, despite being consistent, can be quite complex to capture. To accomplish this goal the thesis proposes a Multi-Agent Personalized Information Retrieval with Specialization Ontology (MAPIRSO). MAPIRSO offers a complete learning framework that is able to model the end user's search behaviour and interests and to organize information into categorized domains so as to ensure maximum relevance of its responses as they pertain to the end user queries. Specialization and personalization are accomplished using a group of collaborative agents. Each agent employs a Reinforcement Learning (RL) strategy to capture end user's behaviour and interests. Reinforcement learning allows the agents to evolve their knowledge of the end user behaviour and interests as they function to serve him or her. Furthermore, REL allows each agent to adapt to changes in an end user's behaviour and interests. Specialization is the process by which new information domains are created based on existing information topics, allowing new kinds of content to be built exclusively for information seekers. One of the key characteristics of specialization domains is the seeker centric - which allows intelligent agents to create new information based on the information seekers' feedback and their behaviours. Specialized domains are created by intelligent agents that collect information from a specific domain topic. The task of these specialized agents is to map the user's query to a repository of specific domains in order to present users with relevant information. As a result, mapping users' queries to only relevant information is one of the fundamental challenges in Artificial Intelligent (AI) and machine learning research. Our approach employs intelligent cooperative agents that specialize in building personalized ontology information domains that pertain to each information seeker's specific needs. Specializing and categorizing information into unique domains is one of the challenge areas that have been addressed and various proposed solutions were evaluated and adopted to address growing information. However, categorizing information into unique domains does not satisfy each individualized information seeker. Information seekers might search for similar topics, but each would have different interests. For example, medical information of a specific medical domain has different importance to both the doctor and patients. The thesis presents a novel solution that will resolve the growing and diverse information by building seeker centric specialized information domains that are personalized through the information seekers' feedback and behaviours. To address this challenge, the research examines the fundamental components that constitute the specialized agent: an intelligent machine learning system, user input queries, an intelligent agent, and information resources constructed through specialized domains. Experimental work is reported to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution in addressing the overlapping information growth. The experimental work utilizes extensive user-centric specialized domain topics. This work employs personalized and collaborative multi learning agents and ontology techniques thereby enriching the queries and domains of the user. Therefore, experiments and results have shown that building specialized ontology domains, pertinent to the information seekers' needs, are more precise and efficient compared to other information retrieval applications and existing search engines.