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The disturbances are processes, which change the landscape (Bengstsson et al., 2003). In Central European mountains spruce forest, windthrows and subsequent bark beetle (Ips typographus) outbreaks are the most important (Bengstsson et al., 2003; Brůna, 2013; Čada, 2013; Fischer et al., 2002; Matějka, 2013) This scenario was taking place in the study area - the Šumava National Park between 2006 and 2012. The objective was to analyse changes in the land cover caused by the disturbances. The land cover flows were used. The Land cover flows describe changes within land cover types: the area of change from one type into another (Martinez-Fernandez et al., 2015). Layers of the land cover for each year were created; they show the changes mostly in forested landscape. These fourteen-land cover types layers were input into analysis in the Land change modeler for ArcGIS (Clark Labs, 2015). The most important land cover flows were set and further analysis of evaluation in five spatial frames (Physical - geographical typology, Aspect, Elevation, Ecological conditions, Non-intervention and intervention management) were undergone for deeper knowledge about spatial factors of distribution. The Kyrill windthrow in 2007 caused a creation of windfalls (4.73 km2 ), predominantly made from damaged forested area (3.07...

Longtime storage of fertilized eggs have negative effect on hatchability, length of hatching and quality of one day old chikens. Preincubation of fertilized eggs during storage is way to eliminate its negative effect. During preincubation the stage of embryonic development was shifted. The goal of this thesis is to determinate, if the repeated preincubations of fertilized eggs during storage time period of 2x4 and 2x8 hours (35° C) can help to increase hatchery of fertilized eggs during storaged at temperature of 15° C. During the experiment was used 14 400 fertilized egs of ROSS 308 hybrid, which was splitted into three parts sorted by age of paranting flock, 30, 46 and 58 weeks. On the seventh day of incubation the egg was lighted through to derminate if it is early embryonic mortality or unfertilized eggs. At the ond of hatching (21st Day) were the nonhatched eggs tested for early embryonic mortality. Statistically conclusive positive effect of preincubation (P < 0,05) was reached at parenting age of 30 weeks. Statistically nonconclusive effect of preincubation (P > 0,05) was reached at parenting age of 45 weeks. Statistically conclusive negative effect of preincubation (P < 0,05) was reached at parenting age of 58 weeks. During the dermination of embryonic development depending on the parenting age of the flock was used 900 eggs, 60 for every group. After laying the eggs every group was at the same stage of embryonic development at stage X (79,3 %). Most of the other (20,7%) at stage XI. Fertilized eggs from parrent flock at ages 45 and 58 weeks were because of the repeated preincubation shifted to stage XIV, 2, 3 and 4 due to longer time expousure of egg to biological minimum temperature.

The thesis presents the system of financing of the research and development in the Czech Republic, as well as issue of legislative. The dissertation provides us with the complete overview of financing of above mentioned areas of interests by the Departments together with the possibility of financing from EU resources. In conclusion there are suggested changes, which should improve the efficiency of the whole system - establishment of the independent Department of Science and Research, centralization of similar research institutes and clarification of the system of financing.

This Diploma's thesis is focused in problems on application of the deductible item for support research and development in the Czech Republic. This work is devided into the two main parts. Theoretical one defines aspects of the income tax, support of the research and development in the Czech Republic and abroad. Practical chapter is made by two parts. First one makes real example which presents practical application of the deductible item for support research and development with rules of Czech legislation. In second one is created separate methodological procedure of deductible item application for support of the research and development in Czech Republic.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the structure and developmental dynamics of natural tree regeneration in the core area of the Boubín virgin forest NNR and also to evaluate the effect of selected factors such as light conditions, water-affection of the site and substrat type on its occurence. By using a system of circular inventory plots all individuals of d1.3 < 10 cm were in 2010, 2012 and 2013 registered and classified into corresponding height class or diameter class. To find out the light conditions of this plots the hemispherical photographies were taken. The main tree species are represented by so-called hercynian mixture (spruce-fir-beech), which is contemporary for the main part in the stage of optimum and the initial stage of disintegration. It emerged that beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is markedly dominated species in the regeneration layer and is related to water-unaffected sites. On the contrary representation of fir (Abies alba Mill.) is very low and its occurence was not to be found to be conditioned by any of considered factors; neverthless its growing-up has been prooved. Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) is very poorly able to compete in growing-up with beech, but this fact is not affected by any of analysed factors.

Biogas produced via the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste materials is considered as an important technology in improving the environment because it solves waste management problems and simultaneously produces biogas as a main product and digestate as a by-product, which can also be used as a fertilizer. Within the rising expectations for the substitution of fossil energy with renewable energy as one of the solutions to cope with climate change, the environmental aspects of small-scale biogas plants, as widely used method for energy creation, should be evaluated in a holistic and systematic way. The use of small-scale biogas plants is mostly common for energy creation from waste in Southeast Asia. This source of energy is mainly lauded for its low costs, clean production and high fertilization effects of digested matter for crops. There are number of advantages of small-scale biogas production on farms, including also savings on firewood or fossil fuels and reduction in odour and greenhouse gas emissions from using other fuels. However, biogas plants are often poorly managed and there is lack of proper distribution systems for biogas. That results in methane being release inadvertently through leaks in digesters and tubing, and intentionally when production exceeds demand. As methane has a global warming potential 25 times higher than that of carbon dioxide, environmental advantages of small-scale biogas plants might be compromised. This dissertation intends to provide in-depth understanding about the issue with taking into accounts possible risks. Investigating of such a topic is within continuing concern about small-scale biogas technology in rural areas of developing countries. For this reason technical, social, economic and environmental assessment of small-scale biogas technology will be done. Methods of data collection will consist of questionnaire survey and focus group discussions among randomly selected owners of biogas plants, semi-structured personal interviews with local authorities and facilitators and observation. Furthermore, prediction of future development of this technology will be created.

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